1
|
Jiménez-Martín D, Cano-Terriza D, Risalde MA, Napp S, Álvarez J, Fernández-Morente M, Fernández-Molera V, Moreno I, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, García-Bocanegra I. Seroepidemiology of tuberculosis in sheep in southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2023; 215:105920. [PMID: 37094444 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host infectious disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). In Mediterranean ecosystems, where multiple animal hosts of TB are present, identifying the role of the different species involved in the epidemiology of TB is a key point to be able to implement proper control measures. Sheep are susceptible to MTC infection but have traditionally been considered a spillover host. However, the occurrence of outbreaks involving sheep in recent years evidences the need to better understand the role of this small ruminant species in the epidemiology of the disease. Here, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with MTC seropositivity in sheep in Andalusia (southern Spain), a region with one of the highest prevalence of MTC infection in both cattle and wild ungulates. A total of 2266 sheep from 83 flocks were tested for antibodies against MTC using an in-house indirect ELISA. Anti-MTC antibodies were detected in 16 (0.7%) of the 2266 sheep (adjusted true prevalence 0.29%, 95% posterior probability interval 0.01-1.05). Seropositivity was found in 14.5% (12/83; 95%CI: 6.9-22.0) of the sheep farms analyzed. A semi-extensive management system was identified as a risk factor associated with MTC seropositivity in sheep farms (OR = 3.7; p < 0.038; 95%CI: 1.1-12.4) in the study area. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first active TB surveillance study carried out to assess MTC exposure in sheep. Our results indicate MTC circulation in sheep farms in southern Spain. However, the low individual seroprevalence obtained suggests that sheep may play a limited role in the epidemiology of TB in this region. Serosurveillance programs could be a valuable tool to detect MTC circulation in sheep in risk scenarios or target farms, in order to optimize control measures on TB animal in multi-host Mediterranean ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Jiménez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - María A Risalde
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- IRTA, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Infantes-Lorenzo
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes (ENZOEM), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García-Bocanegra I, Franco JJ, León CI, Barbero-Moyano J, García-Miña MV, Fernández-Molera V, Gómez MB, Cano-Terriza D, Gonzálvez M. High exposure of West Nile virus in equid and wild bird populations in Spain following the epidemic outbreak in 2020. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3624-3636. [PMID: 36222172 PMCID: PMC10092718 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the circulation and risk factors associated with West Nile virus (WNV) exposure in equine and wild bird populations following the largest epidemic outbreak ever reported in Spain. A total of 305 equids and 171 wild birds were sampled between November 2020 and June 2021. IgG antibodies against flaviviruses were detected by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) in 44.9% (109/243) and 87.1% (54/62) of unvaccinated and vaccinated equids, respectively. The individual seroprevalence in unvaccinated individuals (calculated on animals seropositive by both bELISA and virus microneutralization test [VNT]) was 38.3% (95%CI: 33.1-43.4). No IgM antibodies were detected in animals tested (0/243; 0.0%; 95%CI: 0.0-1.5) by capture-ELISA. The main risk factors associated with WNV exposure in equids were age (adult and geriatric), breed (crossbred) and the absence of a disinsection programme on the facilities. In wild birds, IgG antibodies against flaviviruses were found in 32.7% (56/171; 95%CI: 26.8-38.6) using bELISA, giving an individual WNV seroprevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 14.3-24.3) after VNT. Seropositivity was found in 37.8% of the 37 species analysed. Species group (raptors), age (>1-year old) and size (large) were the main risk factors related to WNV seropositivity in wild birds. Our results indicate high exposure and widespread distribution of WNV in equid and wild bird populations in Spain after the epidemic outbreak in 2020. The present study highlights the need to continue and improve active surveillance programmes for the detection of WNV in Spain, particularly in those areas at greatest risk of virus circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Franco
- Immunology and Applied Genetics, S.A. (Eurofins-Ingenasa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara I León
- Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía (AMAYA), Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Barbero-Moyano
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María V García-Miña
- Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca, Agua y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - María B Gómez
- Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Algete, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés Gonzálvez
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis and Emerging Diseases (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiménez-Martín D, García-Bocanegra I, Risalde MA, Fernández-Molera V, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Isla J, Cano-Terriza D. Epidemiology of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats in southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2022; 202:105637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Risalde MA, Rivero-Juarez A, Frias M, Olivas I, Lopez-Lopez P, García-Bocanegra I, Brieva T, Caballero-Gómez J, Camacho A, Fernández-Molera V, Gómez-Villamandos JC, Rivero A. Evaluation of a non-invasive screening approach to determine hepatitis E virus status of pig farms. Vet Rec 2020; 187:272. [PMID: 32576682 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying pig farms infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a key aspect to implement surveillance programmes for this emerging zoonotic agent. Detection of HEV in blood has several drawbacks, including animal handling, economic costs and animal stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive screening approach for determining the HEV status of pig farms under different management systems. METHODS Forty stool samples randomly collected from the pen floor of 17 intensive pig farms and the yard of nine extensive ones were tested for HEV RNA. The invasive method used to confirm the HEV status of the farm was HEV RNA analysis of serum samples randomly collected from 40 animals on each farm. RESULTS Twenty-one HEV-positive farms were detected by invasive and non-invasive methods. No positive serum or stool samples were detected on five intensive farms. A high intertest agreement (K=1; P<0.00001) was observed between both methodologies, showing the stool screening approach a 100 per cent of sensitivity and specificity with respect to the invasive method. Likewise, a significant negative relationship was observed between the HEV within-farm prevalence and the number of the first HEV-positive stool sample found (Spearman's rho=-0.64; P=0.0004). This negative relationship was higher in intensively managed farms. CONCLUSION This non-invasive screening approach could be reliably applied in a large-scale surveillance programme for determining the HEV status of pig farms under different management systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mario Frias
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Israel Olivas
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Lopez-Lopez
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Brieva
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Angela Camacho
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - José C Gómez-Villamandos
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba-Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cano-Terriza D, Risalde MA, Rodríguez-Hernández P, Napp S, Fernández-Morente M, Moreno I, Bezos J, Fernández-Molera V, Sáez JL, García-Bocanegra I. Epidemiological surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in extensively raised pigs in the south of Spain. Prev Vet Med 2018; 159:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Lopez-Lopez P, Risalde MDLA, Frias M, García-Bocanegra I, Brieva T, Caballero-Gomez J, Camacho A, Fernández-Molera V, Machuca I, Gomez-Villamandos JC, Rivero A, Rivero-Juarez A. Risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus in pigs from different production systems. Vet Microbiol 2018; 224:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
7
|
García-Bocanegra I, Arenas-Montes A, Napp S, Jaén-Téllez JA, Fernández-Morente M, Fernández-Molera V, Arenas A. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated to West Nile virus in horses from Andalusia, Southern Spain. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:341-6. [PMID: 22776513 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is recognized as an emerging zoonotic pathogen, whose incidence in horses, humans and birds has increased significantly in different European countries in the last decade. A serosurvey study was carried out in non vaccinated horses to determine the geographical distribution of WNV in Andalusia (Southern Spain), and to assess the factors that influence the risk of WNV infection in horses. Antibodies to WNV were detected in 54 out of 510 horses analyzed by a blocking ELISA, of which 36 were confirmed by micro virus neutralization test (7.1%; CI(95%): 4.9-9.3). A total of 28 out of the 348 equine herds (8.3%; CI(95%): 5.4-11.2) had at least one seropositive animal. A generalized estimating equations model showed that the main risk factors associated to WNV seroprevalence were: number of horses within the holding (low), transport of the horse within the last six months (Yes) and presence of mosquitoes in the holding (Yes). The results demonstrated that WNV circulation in Andalusia was more widespread than previously reported. Besides, the distribution of WNV infections was not homogeneous as significant differences among provinces were observed. The results show the need to improve the active surveillance in Spain, so that the early detection of WNV circulation allows the establishment control measures such as vaccination and implementation of vector control programs during the risk period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
García-Bocanegra I, Jaén-Téllez JA, Napp S, Arenas-Montes A, Fernández-Morente M, Fernández-Molera V, Arenas A. West Nile fever outbreak in horses and humans, Spain, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:2397-9. [PMID: 22172565 PMCID: PMC3311180 DOI: 10.3201/eid1712.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
9
|
García-Bocanegra I, Jaén-Téllez JA, Napp S, Arenas-Montes A, Fernández-Morente M, Fernández-Molera V, Arenas A. Monitoring of the West Nile Virus epidemic in Spain between 2010 and 2011. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:448-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|