Synthesis of imidazo-1,4-oxazinone derivatives and investigation of reaction mechanism

In this study, nine different C-2 aroyl imidazole derivatives were synthesized in a one pot reaction with two steps, and the reduction reactions of these derivatives with NaBH₄ were carried out under mild conditions. Substitution reaction of obtained imidazo methanol derivatives with chloroacetylchloride reagent and ring reaction of substitution products were investigated. It was determined that 1,4-imidazoxazinone derivative was obtained as a result of the cyclization reaction. The intermediate products obtained during the cyclization reaction were isolated, and the path of the reaction under different conditions was discussed.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a Schiff base: (Z)-6-[(5-chloro-2-meth-oxy-anilino)methyl-idene]-2-hy-droxy-cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one

The title compound, C14H12ClNO3, is a Schiff base that exists in the keto-enamine tautomeric form and adopts a Z configuration. In the crystal, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings is 5.34 (15)°. The roughly planar geometry of the mol-ecule is stabilized by a strong intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, pairs of centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R 2 2(10) rings. Besides this, the mol-ecules form stacks along the [001] direction with C-H⋯π and C-H⋯Cl contacts between the stacks. The inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal were analysed using Hirshfeld surfaces. The most significant contribution to the crystal packing is from H⋯H contacts (30.8%).

Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Imidazopyrazine N-Oxide Skeletons

N-Propargyl-2-aroylimidazoles synthesized and converted into the corresponding ketoximes. Under various conditions, several mono- and diketoxime imidazole derivatives were formed by converting the carbonyl or carbonyl and propargyl groups into oxime groups. N-Propargyl monooxime imidazole derivatives were cyclized by treatment with CuI to give various imidazopyrazine N-­oxides. Several copper salts, such as CuOAc, CuSO4, and CuOTf, formed the same cyclization product. This cyclization reaction occurred only in the presence of Cu(I) or Cu(II) salts; other transition metals such as Au, Ag, In, and Fe did not yield cyclic products. The nucleus-independent chemical shift method was used to calculate the aromaticity of the bicyclic rings.

The Characteristics and Long-Term Course of Epilepsy in Lipoid Proteinosis: A Spectrum From Mild to Severe Seizures in Relation to ECM1 Mutations

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by deposition of hyaline material in skin and mucosae. Epilepsy, as an extracutaneous manifestation associated with typical mesial temporal calcifications, has already been identified, but its characteristics and long-term prognosis have not been thoroughly investigated. We included 7 consecutive patients with LP with typical intracranial calcifications out of 16 patients with ECM1 mutations and investigated the semiologic features, ictal and interictal EEG findings, and long-term prognosis of epilepsy in this genodermatosis. Four of them had seizures (57.1%), and focal seizures with motionless staring were the most common seizure phenotype, originating from bilateral mesial temporal areas, but interictal spikes were scant. Auras were observed in three patients, mostly as epigastric sensation and déjà vu, which indicated mesial temporal lobe origin. Three patients with homozygous mutations in sixth and seventh exons of the ECM1 gene had a drug-resistant course at the end of long-term follow-up. Molecular genetic testing showed a rare compound heterozygous mutation in one patient, which was also associated with seizures but without drug-resistance. Our findings indicated a spectrum for epilepsy with a desperate drug-resistant course for decades in most patients with LP, which is still an underrecognized disease by neurologists.