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De Paiva CS, Raince JK, McClellan AJ, Shanmugam KP, Pangelinan SB, Volpe EA, Corrales RM, Farley WJ, Corry DB, Li DQ, Pflugfelder SC. Homeostatic control of conjunctival mucosal goblet cells by NKT-derived IL-13. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:397-408. [PMID: 21178983 PMCID: PMC3577073 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of the interleukin 13 (IL-13) on goblet cell (GC) hyperplasia have been studied in the gut and respiratory tracts, its effect on regulating conjunctival GC has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to determine the major IL-13-producing cell type and the role of IL-13 in GC homeostasis in normal murine conjunctiva. Using isolating techniques, we identified natural killer (NK)/natural killer T (NKT) cells as the main producers of IL-13. We also observed that IL-13 knockout (KO) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 knockout (STAT6KO) mice had a lower number of periodic acid Schiff (PAS)+GCs. We observed that desiccating stress (DS) decreases NK population, GCs, and IL-13, whereas it increases interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA in conjunctiva. Cyclosporine A treatment during DS maintained the number of NK/NKT cells in the conjunctiva, increased IL-13 mRNA in NK+ cells, and decreased IFN-γ and IL-17A mRNA transcripts in NK+ and NK- populations. C57BL/6 mice chronically depleted of NK/NKT cells, as well as NKT cell-deficient RAG1KO and CD1dKO mice, had fewer filled GCs than their wild-type counterparts. NK depletion in CD1dKO mice had no further effect on the number of PAS+ cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that NKT cells are major sources of IL-13 in the conjunctival mucosa that regulates GC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- CS De Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - JK Raince
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - AJ McClellan
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - KP Shanmugam
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - SB Pangelinan
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - EA Volpe
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - RM Corrales
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - WJ Farley
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - DB Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - D-Q Li
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - SC Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Yeh S, de Paiva CS, Hwang CS, Trinca K, Lingappan A, Rafati JK, Farley WJ, Li DQ, Pflugfelder SC. Spontaneous T cell mediated keratoconjunctivitis in Aire-deficient mice. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1260-4. [PMID: 19429577 PMCID: PMC3586820 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.153700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) develop severe keratoconjunctivitis, corneal scarring and visual loss, but the precise pathogenesis is unknown. This study evaluated the ocular surface immune cell environment, conjunctival goblet cell density and response to desiccating environmental stress of the autoimmune regulatory (Aire) gene knockout murine model of APECED. METHODS Aire-deficient and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to desiccating stress from a drafty, low-humidity environment and pharmacological inhibition of tear secretion for 5 days. Immune cell populations (CD4(+), CD8(+), CD11b(+), CD45(+)) and goblet cell density were measured in ocular surface tissues and meibomian glands, and compared with baseline values. RESULTS Greater CD4(+) T cell populations were observed in the conjunctival epithelium of Aire-deficient mice (p<0.001) compared with WT. Aire-deficient mice also had greater numbers of CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD11b(+) cells in the peripheral cornea at baseline and following desiccating stress. The meibomian glands of Aire-deficient mice demonstrated greater CD4(+), CD8(+), CD45(+) and CD11b(+) cells at baseline (p<0.001) and following desiccating stress. Conjunctival goblet cell density was lower at baseline and following desiccating stress in Aire-deficient compared with WT mice (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Aire-deficiency leads to infiltration of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells on the ocular surface and meibomian glands, which is accompanied by goblet cell loss. Desiccating stress promotes this proinflammatory milieu. Immune-mediated mechanisms play a role in the severe blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis in the murine model of APECED.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yeh
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Farley WJ. Addiction and the anaesthesia resident. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39:R11-7. [PMID: 1600568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction to narcotics appears to be a problem in the specialty of anaesthesia and particularly in anaesthesia residents. In 1992, this problem is perceived to be a treatable disease for which there is help and there is hope. None of us are immune to this disease. One of the key features of this disease is that the person who is afflicted cannot reach out for help. Thus, it is our responsibility as caring, concerned, and hopefully compassionate colleagues to reach out to them. With proper intervention, treatment, support of family, colleagues and department, and with a tightly monitored aftercare contract, addicted anaesthetists can successfully return to the specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Farley
- Perspectives Health Program, Hampton, Virginia
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