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Van Regenmortel N, De Weerdt T, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Roelant E, Verbrugghe W, Dams K, Malbrain MLNG, Van den Wyngaert T, Jorens PG. Effect of isotonic versus hypotonic maintenance fluid therapy on urine output, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis: a crossover study in fasting adult volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:892-900. [PMID: 28520883 PMCID: PMC5455256 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Daily and globally, millions of adult hospitalized patients are exposed to maintenance i.v. fluid solutions supported by limited scientific evidence. In particular, it remains unclear whether fluid tonicity contributes to the recently established detrimental effects of fluid, sodium, and chloride overload. Methods. This crossover study consisted of two 48 h study periods, during which 12 fasting healthy adults were treated with a frequently prescribed solution (NaCl 0.9% in glucose 5% supplemented by 40 mmol litre−1 of potassium chloride) and a premixed hypotonic fluid (NaCl 0.32% in glucose 5% containing 26 mmol litre−1 of potassium) at a daily rate of 25 ml kg−1 of body weight. The primary end point was cumulative urine volume; fluid balance was thus calculated. We also explored the physiological mechanisms behind our findings and assessed electrolyte concentrations. Results. After 48 h, 595 ml (95% CI: 454–735) less urine was voided with isotonic fluids than hypotonic fluids (P<0.001), or 803 ml (95% CI: 692–915) after excluding an outlier with ‘exaggerated natriuresis of hypertension’. The isotonic treatment was characterized by a significant decrease in aldosterone (P<0.001). Sodium concentrations were higher in the isotonic arm (P<0.001), but all measurements remained within the normal range. Potassium concentrations did not differ between the two solutions (P=0.45). Chloride concentrations were higher with the isotonic treatment (P<0.001), even causing hyperchloraemia. Conclusions. Even at maintenance rate, isotonic solutions caused lower urine output, characterized by decreased aldosterone concentrations indicating (unintentional) volume expansion, than hypotonic solutions and were associated with hyperchloraemia. Despite their lower sodium and potassium content, hypotonic fluids were not associated with hyponatraemia or hypokalaemia. Clinical trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02822898) and EudraCT (2016-001846-24).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Van Regenmortel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Campus Stuivenberg, Lange Beeldekensstraat 267, B-2060 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T De Weerdt
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - A H Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - E Roelant
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium.,StatUa, Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W Verbrugghe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - K Dams
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - M L N G Malbrain
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Campus Stuivenberg, Lange Beeldekensstraat 267, B-2060 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T Van den Wyngaert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - P G Jorens
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
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Schepens T, Mergeay M, Verbrugghe W, Parizel P, Vercauteren M, Jorens PG. Atrophy of diaphragm muscle visualized with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4471471 DOI: 10.1186/cc14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ackerbroeck S, Janssens K, Jorens P, Schepens T, Verbrugghe W, Hoof V, Gaal L, Block C. Incidence and predisposing factors for the development of disturbed glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus after intensive care admission: the DIAFIC study. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4471678 DOI: 10.1186/cc14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Somers Y, Verbrugghe W, Jorens PG. Mechanical and electrical equipment interference provokes a misleading Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) EAdi signal. Minerva Anestesiol 2013; 79:1436-1442. [PMID: 23811628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) offers synchronized proportional pressure in accordance with the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). NAVA relies on the EAdi to trigger the respiratory cycle and then adjusts the ventilatory assist to the neural drive. The technique necessitates a catheter with bipolar microelectrodes positioned near the crural diaphragm where this signal can be captured. Capturing a reliable EAdi signal is a condition sine qua non for using NAVA as a mode of ventilation. The displayed signal represents the sum of the electrical activity of the muscle action potential of the diaphragm and is expressed in microvolts. METHODS A technical note illustrated by a case series in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary referral hospital with experience using NAVA. RESULTS Here, we report on three separate cases in which the use of an intra-aortic balloon catheter, a pacemaker and a heating device all resulted in a distortion of the EAdi signal, despite good positioning of the catheter. In a fourth case, we observed internal interference from leaking cardiac electrical activity due to the malpositioning of the EAdi catheter in a patient with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION We illustrate that the detection and therefore interpretation of the EAdi signal during NAVA can be influenced by mechanical and electrical interference by other equipment used in the ICU or from endogenous leaking cardiac activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Somers
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium -
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Verstraeten AS, Verbrugghe W, Wuyts W. A patient with interstitial lung disease secondary to dermatomyositis: a case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 2013; 68:240-4. [PMID: 24156232 DOI: 10.2143/acb.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a man with known dermatomyositis who presented with a dry cough and who early after admission rapidly evolved to respiratory insufficiency. Based on pathological and radiological findings, the diagnosis of diffuse alveolar damage was made. Postmortem examination also revealed infection with yeast, Torulopsis glabrata. Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are both auto-immune diseases, which are characterised by the presence of auto-antibodies and tissue-inflammation, mainly involving the muscles. Patients with PM/DM may have pulmonary complications, often responsible for higher morbidity and mortality. Interstitial lung disease can present itself in different shapes and forms (bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia, non-specific organising pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, acute interstitial pneumonia) and the diagnosis is made based on the combination of pathological examination and radiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Verstraeten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem.
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Vellinga S, Verbrugghe W, De Paep R, Verpooten GA, Janssen van Doorn K. Identification of modifiable risk factors for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Neth J Med 2012; 70:450-454. [PMID: 23230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem after cardiac surgery and is associated with an increase in morbidity, mortality and duration of hospital stay. With this study we aimed to identify potential risk factors for cardiac surgery associated AKI (CS-AKI) in a single-centre population with a special focus on modifiable risk factors. METHODS Retrospective single-centre cohort study of 565 consecutive patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. AKI was defined by the AKIN classification. Known risk scores were applied when possible. RESULTS Of the population, 14.7% were diagnosed with AKI. When considering baseline characteristics we found a significant difference in age, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage and urgency of surgery between the CS-AKI group and the control population. Regarding the intraoperative characteristics, patients with CS-AKI had a significantly lower haematocrit and were more likely to receive a transfusion of packed cells. Postoperative administration of furosemide and packed cell transfusions were also associated with AKI. We found no differences in other characteristics (history of diabetes mellitus, history of congestive heart failure, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of cardiac surgery, low cardiac output and need for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cross clamping). CONCLUSION In our series we could identify intraoperative administration of packed cells and postoperative administration of furosemide or packed cells as potentially modifiable risk factors in the development of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vellinga
- Department of Nephrology-Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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De Meester K, Das T, Hellemans K, Verbrugghe W, Jorens PG, Verpooten GA, Van Bogaert P. Impact of a standardized nurse observation protocol including MEWS after Intensive Care Unit discharge. Resuscitation 2012; 84:184-8. [PMID: 22796310 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of in-hospital mortality after serious adverse events (SAE's) in our hospital showed the need for more frequent observation in medical and surgical wards. We hypothesized that the incidence of SAE's could be decreased by introducing a standard nurse observation protocol. AIM To investigate the effect of a standard nurse observation protocol implementing the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and a color graphic observation chart. METHODS Pre- and post-intervention study by analysis of patients records for a 5-day period after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge to 14 medical and surgical wards before (n=530) and after (n=509) the intervention. RESULTS For the total study population the mean Patient Observation Frequency Per Nursing Shift (POFPNS) during the 5-day period after ICU discharge increased from .9993 (95% C.I. .9637-1.0350) in the pre-intervention period to 1.0732 (95% C.I. 1.0362-1.1101) (p=.005) in the post-intervention period. There was an increased risk of a SAE in patients with MEWS 4 or higher in the present nursing shift (HR 8.25; 95% C.I. 2.88-23.62) and the previous nursing shift (HR 12.83;95% C.I. 4.45-36.99). There was an absolute risk reduction for SAE's within 120h after ICU discharge of 2.2% (95% C.I. -0.4-4.67%) from 5.7% to 3.5%. CONCLUSION The intervention had a positive impact on the observation frequency. MEWS had a predictive value for SAE's in patients after ICU discharge. The drop in SAE's was substantial but did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K De Meester
- Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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Verbrugghe W, Maes BD, Knockaert DC. Localised plasma-cell type Castleman's disease and AA-amyloidosis cured by resection. A case report and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 2005; 60:22-7. [PMID: 15981701 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2005.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare atypical lymphoproliferative disorder with frequent, yet less well known renal involvement. We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with localised abdominal plasma-cell type CD complicated by nephrotic syndrome due to renal amyloidosis. 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) confirmed the unicentric nature. Resection of the mass resulted in regression of the signs of inflammation, a negative FDG-PET and complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome. A review of the literature of renal involvement (incidence, clinical and pathological manifestations, treatment and prognosis) in CD is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Verbrugghe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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