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Suman PR, Souza LS, Kincheski GC, Melo HM, Machado MN, Carvalho GMC, De Felice FG, Zin WA, Ferreira ST. Lung inflammation induced by silica particles triggers hippocampal inflammation, synapse damage and memory impairment in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:303. [PMID: 36527099 PMCID: PMC9756632 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence indicates that a signaling crosstalk between the brain and periphery plays important roles in neurological disorders, and that both acute and chronic peripheral inflammation can produce brain changes leading to cognitive impairments. Recent clinical and epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in individuals with impaired pulmonary function. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of this association remain unknown. Exposure to SiO2 (silica) particles triggers lung inflammation, including infiltration by peripheral immune cells and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We here utilized a mouse model of lung silicosis to investigate the crosstalk between lung inflammation and memory. METHODS Silicosis was induced by intratracheal administration of a single dose of 2.5 mg SiO2/kg in mice. Molecular and behavioral measurements were conducted 24 h and 15 days after silica administration. Lung and hippocampal inflammation were investigated by histological analysis and by determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hippocampal synapse damage, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide content and phosphorylation of Akt, a proxy of hippocampal insulin signaling, were investigated by Western blotting and ELISA. Memory was assessed using the open field and novel object recognition tests. RESULTS Administration of silica induced alveolar collapse, lung infiltration by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and increased lung pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lung inflammation was followed by upregulation of hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines, synapse damage, accumulation of the Aβ peptide, and memory impairment in mice. CONCLUSION The current study identified a crosstalk between lung and brain inflammatory responses leading to hippocampal synapse damage and memory impairment after exposure to a single low dose of silica in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Suman
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisiane S. Souza
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Grasielle C. Kincheski
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helen M. Melo
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana N. Machado
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M. C. Carvalho
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.472984.4D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Walter A. Zin
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XInstitute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lucangelo U, Ajčević M, Lena E, Ferluga M, Comuzzi L, Accardo A, Zin WA. On some factors determining the pressure drop across tracheal tubes during high-frequency percussive ventilation: a flow-independent model. J Clin Monit Comput 2020; 35:885-890. [PMID: 32588314 PMCID: PMC7316425 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-020-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To provide an in vitro estimation of the pressure drop across tracheal tubes (ΔPTT) in the face of given pulsatile frequencies and peak pressures (Pwork) delivered by a high-frequency percussive ventilator (HFPV) applied to a lung model. Tracheal tubes (TT) 6.5, 7.5 and 8.0 were connected to a test lung simulating the respiratory system resistive (R = 5, 20, 50 cmH2O/L/s) and elastic (C = 10, 20, and 50 mL/cmH2O) loads. The model was ventilated by HFPV with a pulse inspiratory peak pressure (work pressure Pwork) augmented in 5-cmH2O steps from 20 to 45 cmH2O, yielding 6 diverse airflows. The percussive frequency (f) was set to 300, 500 and 700 cycles/min, respectively. Pressure (Paw and Ptr) and flow (V’) measurements were performed for all 162 possible combinations of loads, frequencies, and work pressures for each TT size, thus yielding 486 determinations. For each respiratory cycle ΔPTT was calculated by subtracting each peak Ptr from its corresponding peak Paw. A non-linear model was constructed to assess the relationships between single parameters. Performance of the produced model was measured in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (r2). ΔPTT was predicted by Pwork (exponential Gaussian relationship), resistance (quadratic and linear terms), frequency (quadratic and linear terms) and tube diameter (linear term), but not by compliance. RMSE of the model on the testing dataset was 1.17 cmH2O, r2 was 0.79 and estimation error was lower than 1 cmH2O in 68% of cases. As a result, even without a flow value, the physician would be able to evaluate ΔPTT pressure. If the present results of our bench study could be clinically confirmed, the use of a nonconventional ventilatory strategy as HFPV, would be safer and easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucangelo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miloš Ajčević
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Enrico Lena
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Ferluga
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Comuzzi
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Agostino Accardo
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Walter A Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zin WA, Fortunato RS, Faria CC, Takiya CM, Bastos AC. Inflammatory and Functional Responses Induced by Normobaric and Hyperbaric Hyperoxia in Mice Lungs. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zin WA, Caldeira DF, Pinheiro FG, Maciel L, Oliveira DF. Exposure to Fullerene C60 Nanoparticles Impairs Lung Mechanics and Mitochondrial Function. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Okuro RT, Freire RC, Zin WA, Quagliato LA, Nardi AE. Panic disorder respiratory subtype: psychopathology and challenge tests - an update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:420-430. [PMID: 32074230 PMCID: PMC7430397 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) pathophysiology is very heterogeneous, and the discrimination of distinct subtypes could be very useful. A subtype based on respiratory symptoms is known to constitute a specific subgroup. However, evidence to support the respiratory subtype (RS) as a distinct subgroup of PD with a well-defined phenotype remains controversial. Studies have focused on characterization of the RS based on symptoms and response to CO2. In this line, we described clinical and biological aspects focused on symptomatology and CO2 challenge tests in PD RS. The main symptoms that characterize RS are dyspnea (shortness of breath) and a choking sensation. Moreover, patients with the RS tended to be more responsive to CO2 challenge tests, which triggered more panic attacks in this subgroup. Future studies should focus on discriminating respiratory-related clusters and exploring psychophysiological and neuroimaging outcomes in order to provide robust evidence to confirm RS as a distinct subtype of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata T Okuro
- Laboratório Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Freire
- Laboratório Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Laiana A Quagliato
- Laboratório Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratório Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Magalhães CB, Casquilho NV, Machado MN, Riva DR, Travassos LH, Leal-Cardoso JH, Fortunato RS, Faffe DS, Zin WA. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions of eugenol improve lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 259:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Comuzzi L, de Abreu MB, Motta-Ribeiro GC, Okuro RT, Barboza T, Carvalho N, Lucangelo U, Carvalho AR, Zin WA. Regional Lung Recruitability During Pneumoperitoneum Depends on Chest Wall Elastance - A Mechanical and Computed Tomography Analysis in Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30057557 PMCID: PMC6053523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic surgery with pneumoperitoneum increases respiratory system elastance due to the augmented intra-abdominal pressure. We aim to evaluate to which extent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is able to counteract abdominal hypertension preventing progressive lung collapse and how rib cage elastance influences PEEP effect. Methods: Forty-four Wistar rats were mechanically ventilated and randomly assigned into three groups: control (CTRL), pneumoperitoneum (PPT) and pneumoperitoneum with restricted rib cage (PPT-RC). A pressure-volume (PV) curve followed by a recruitment maneuver and a decremental PEEP trial were performed in all groups. Thereafter, animals were ventilated using PEEP of 3 and 8 cmH2O divided into two subgroups used to evaluate respiratory mechanics or computed tomography (CT) images. In 26 rats, we compared respiratory system elastance (Ers) at the two PEEP levels. In 18 animals, CT images were acquired to calculate total lung volume (TLV), total volume and air volume in six anatomically delimited regions of interest (three along the cephalo-caudal and three along the ventro-dorsal axes). Results: PEEP of minimal Ers was similar in CTRL and PPT groups (3.8 ± 0.45 and 3.5 ± 3.89 cmH2O, respectively) and differed from PPT-RC group (9.8 ± 0.63 cmH2O). Chest restriction determined a right- and downward shift of the PV curve, increased Ers and diminished TLV and lung aeration. Increasing PEEP augmented TLV in CTRL group (11.8 ± 1.3 to 13.6 ± 2 ml, p < 0.05), and relative air content in the apex of PPT group (3.5 ± 1.4 to 4.6 ± 1.4% TLV, p < 0.03) and in the middle zones in PPT-RC group (21.4 ± 1.9 to 25.3 ± 2.1% TLV cephalo-caudally and 18.1 ± 4.3 to 22.0 ± 3.3% TLV ventro-dorsally, p < 0.005). Conclusion: Regional lung recruitment potential during pneumoperitoneum depends on rib cage elastance, reinforcing the concept of PEEP individualization according to the patient's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Comuzzi
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariana B de Abreu
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Motta-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Engineering Research, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata T Okuro
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Niedja Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Engineering Research, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Umberto Lucangelo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Engineering Research, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Machado MN, Mazzoli-Rocha F, Casquilho NV, Maron-Gutierrez T, Ortenzi VH, Morales MM, Fortunato RS, Zin WA. Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cell Therapy in Papain-Induced Experimental Pulmonary Emphysema. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515461 PMCID: PMC5826278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine papain-induced emphysema is a model that reproduces many of the features found in patients. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMC) have already been used to repair the alveolar epithelium in respiratory diseases, but not in the papain model. Thus, we hypothesized that BMMC could prevent the pathophysiological processes in papain-induced experimental emphysema. Female BALB/c mice received intratracheal instillation of 50 μL of saline (S groups) or papain (P groups, 10 IU/50 μl of saline) on days 1 and 7 of the experimental protocol. On the 14th day, 2 × 106 BMMC of male BALB/c mice (SC21 and PC21) or saline (SS21 and PS21) were injected by the jugular vein. Analyses were done on days 14 (S14 and P14) and 21 (SS21, PS21, SC21, and PC21) of the protocol. qPCR evaluated the presence of the Y chromosome in the lungs of BMMC recipient animals. Functional residual capacity (FRC), alveolar diameter, cellularity, elastic fiber content, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-2, KC, IFN-γ, apoptosis, mRNA expression of the dual oxidase (DUOX1 and DUOX2), production of H2O2 and DUOX activity were evaluated in lung tissue. We did not detect the Y chromosome in recipients' lungs. FRC, alveolar diameter, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and levels of KC, MIP-2, and IFN-γ increased in P14 and PS21 groups; the changes in the latter were reverted by BMMC. TNF-α, IL-1β e IL-6 were similar in all groups. The amount of elastic fibers was smaller in P14 and PS21 than in other groups, and BMMC did not increase it in PC21 mice. PS21 animals showed increased DUOX activity and mRNA expression for DUOX1 and 2. Cell therapy reverted the activity of DUOX and mRNA expression of DUOX1. BMMC reduced mRNA expression of DUOX2. Apoptosis index was elevated in PS21 mice, which was reduced by cell therapy in PC21. Static compliance, viscoelastic component of elastance and pressure to overcome viscoelasticity were increased in P14 and PS21 groups. These changes and the high resistive pressure found on day 21 were reverted by BMMC. In conclusion, BMMC showed potent anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and restorative roles in papain-triggered pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Machado
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Mazzoli-Rocha
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália V Casquilho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Victor H Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Casquilho NV, Moreira-Gomes MD, Magalhães CB, Okuro RT, Ortenzi VH, Feitosa-Lima EK, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Soares RM, Azevedo SMFO, Valença SS, Fortunato RS, Carvalho AR, Zin WA. Oxidative imbalance in mice intoxicated by microcystin-LR can be minimized. Toxicon 2018; 144:75-82. [PMID: 29454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. We evaluated the antioxidant potential of LASSBio-596 (LB-596, inhibitor of phosphodiesterases 4 and 5), per os, and biochemical markers involved in lung and liver injury induced by exposure to sublethal dose of MC-LR. Fifty male Swiss mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 60 μL of saline (CTRL group, n = 20) or a sublethal dose of MC-LR (40 μg/kg, TOX group, n = 20). After 6 h the animals received either saline (TOX and CTRL groups) or LB-596 (50 mg/kg, TOX + LASS group, n = 10) by gavage. At 6 h after exposure, respiratory mechanics was evaluated in 10 CTRL and 10 TOX mice: there was a significant increase of all lung mechanics parameters (static elastance, viscoelastic component of elastance and lung resistive and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures) in TOX compared to CTRL. 8 h after saline or MC-LR administration, i.e., 2 h after treatment with LB-596, blood serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and content of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in lung and liver, NADPH oxidase 2 and 4 mRNA expressions, dual oxidase enzyme activity and H2O2 generation were analyzed in lung homogenates. All parameters were significantly higher in TOX than in the other groups. There was no significant difference between CTRL and TOX + LASS. MC-LR deteriorated lung and liver functions and induced redox imbalance in them, which was prevented by oral administration of LB-596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália V Casquilho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Diana Moreira-Gomes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology and Biochemistry, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Clarissa B Magalhães
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata T Okuro
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuel K Feitosa-Lima
- Laboratory of Biology Redox, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia M Lima
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio(®)), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio(®)), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Soares
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; NUMPEX-BIO - Multidisciplinar Center of Biological Research, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Polo Xerém, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Valença
- Laboratory of Biology Redox, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson Roncally Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Moreira Gomes MD, Carvalho GMC, Casquilho NV, Araújo ACP, Valença SS, Leal-Cardoso JH, Zin WA. 2,2'-Azobis (2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride Is a Useful Tool to Impair Lung Function in Rats. Front Physiol 2016; 7:475. [PMID: 27812337 PMCID: PMC5071333 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies have reported that respiratory disease may be associated with an increased production of free radicals. In this context, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) is a free radical-generating compound widely used to mimic the oxidative stress state. We aimed to investigate whether AAPH can generate lung functional, inflammatory, histological and biochemical impairments in the lung. Wistar rats were divided into five groups and instilled with saline solution (714 μL/kg, CTRL group) or different amounts of AAPH (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 714 μL/kg, AAPH groups). Seventy-two hours later the animals were anesthetized, paralyzed, intubated and static elastance (Est), viscoelastic component of elastance (ΔE), resistive (ΔP1) and viscoelastic (ΔP2) pressures were measured. Oxidative damage, inflammatory markers and lung morphometry were analyzed. ΔP1 and Est were significantly higher in AAPH100 and AAPH200 than in the other groups. The bronchoconstriction indexes were larger in AAPH groups than in CTRL. The area occupied by collagen and elastic fibers, polymorpho- and mononuclear cells, malondialdehyde and carbonyl groups levels were significantly higher in AAPH200 than in CTRL. In comparison to CTRL, AAPH200 showed significant decrease and increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. AAPH augmented the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-α. Hence, exposure to AAPH caused significant inflammatory alterations and redox imbalance accompanied by altered lung mechanics and histology. Furthermore, we disclosed that exposure to AAPH may represent a useful in vivo tool to trigger lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Moreira Gomes
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Electrophysiology Laboratory, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia V Casquilho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa C P Araújo
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Valença
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose H Leal-Cardoso
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abreu MD, Neto AC, Carvalho G, Casquillo NV, Carvalho N, Okuro R, Ribeiro GCM, Machado M, Cardozo A, Silva ASE, Barboza T, Vasconcellos LR, Rodrigues DA, Camilo L, Carneiro LDAM, Jandre F, Pino AV, Giannella-Neto A, Zin WA, Corrêa LHT, Souza MND, Carvalho AR. Does acute exposure to aldehydes impair pulmonary function and structure? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 229:34-42. [PMID: 27102012 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and gasoline substituted for pure gasoline as a fuel in many Brazilian vehicles. Consequently, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ketones, other organic compounds, and particularly aldehydes increased in many Brazilian cities. The current study aims to investigate whether formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or mixtures of both impair lung function, morphology, inflammatory and redox responses at environmentally relevant concentrations. For such purpose, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either medical compressed air or to 4 different mixtures of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Eight hours later animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and lung mechanics and morphology, inflammatory cells and IL-1β, KC, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, MCP-1 contents, superoxide dismutase and catalalase activities were determined. The extra pulmonary respiratory tract was also analyzed. No differences could be detected between any exposed and control groups. In conclusion, no morpho-functional alterations were detected in exposed mice in relation to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Abreu
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Alcendino Cândido Neto
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Natalia Vasconcelos Casquillo
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Niedja Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Renata Okuro
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Motta Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Mariana Machado
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Cardozo
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos E Silva
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil; Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Imunology Institute, Paulo Góes Mycrobiology Institute, Brazil
| | - Danielle Araujo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Imunology Institute, Paulo Góes Mycrobiology Institute, Brazil
| | - Luciana Camilo
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Leticia de A M Carneiro
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Imunology Institute, Paulo Góes Mycrobiology Institute, Brazil
| | - Frederico Jandre
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomedics Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Pino
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomedics Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Giannella-Neto
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos Corrêa
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nogueira de Souza
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Biomedics Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biological Assays on Ambient Pollution, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Brazil; Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Brazil.
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Lucangelo U, Ajčević M, Accardo A, Borelli M, Peratoner A, Comuzzi L, Zin WA. FLOW-i ventilator performance in the presence of a circle system leak. J Clin Monit Comput 2016; 31:273-280. [PMID: 27062381 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-016-9867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the FLOW-i anaesthesia ventilator was developed based on the SERVO-i intensive care ventilator. The aim of this study was to test the FLOW-i's tidal volume delivery in the presence of a leak in the breathing circuit. We ventilated a test lung model in volume-, pressure-, and pressure-regulated volume-controlled modes (VC, PC, and PRVC, respectively) with a FLOW-i. First, the circuit remained airtight and the ventilator was tested with fresh gas flows of 6, 1, and 0.3 L/min in VC, PC, and PRVC modes and facing 4 combinations of different resistive and elastic loads. Second, a fixed leak in the breathing circuit was introduced and the measurements repeated. In the airtight system, FLOW-i maintained tidal volume (VT) and circuit pressure at approximately the set values, independently of respiratory mode, load, or fresh gas flow. In the leaking circuit, set VT = 500 mL, FLOW-i delivered higher VTs in PC (about 460 mL) than in VC and PRVC, where VTs were substantially less than 500 mL. Interestingly, VT did not differ appreciably from 6 to 0.3 L/min of fresh air flow among the 3 ventilatory modes. In the absence of leakage, peak inspiratory pressures were similar, while they were 35-45 % smaller in PRVC and VC than in PC mode in the presence of leaks. In conclusion, FLOW-i maintained VT (down to fresh gas flows of 0.3 L/min) to 90 % of its preset value in PC mode, which was 4-5 times greater than in VC or PRVC modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucangelo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Miloš Ajčević
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Agostino Accardo
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Borelli
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Peratoner
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Comuzzi
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Walter A Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira VR, Mancin VGL, Pinto EF, Soares RM, Azevedo SMFO, Macchione M, Carvalho AR, Zin WA. Repeated intranasal exposure to microcystin-LR affects lungs but not nasal epithelium in mice. Toxicon 2015. [PMID: 26220798 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.07.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a harmful cyanotoxin able to induce adverse outcomes in the respiratory system. We aimed to examine the lungs and nasal epithelium of mice following a sub-chronic exposure to MC-LR. Swiss mice were intranasally instilled with 10 μL of distilled water (CTRL, n = 10) or 6.7 ng/kg of MC-LR diluted in 10 μL of distilled water (TOX, n = 8) during 30 consecutive days. Respiratory mechanics was measured in vivo and histology measurements (morphology and inflammation) were assessed in lungs and nasal epithelium samples 24 h after the last intranasal instillation. Despite the lack of changes in the nasal epithelium, TOX mice displayed an increased amount of PMN cells in the lungs (× 10(-3)/μm(2)), higher lung static elastance (cmH2O/mL), resistive and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures (cmH2O) (7.87 ± 3.78, 33.96 ± 2.64, 1.03 ± 0.12, 1.01 ± 0.08, respectively) than CTRL (5.37 ± 4.02, 26.65 ± 1.24, 0.78 ± 0.06, 0.72 ± 0.05, respectively). Overall, our findings suggest that the nasal epithelium appears more resistant than lungs in this model of MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius R Oliveira
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane G L Mancin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete F Pinto
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Soares
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Macchione
- Laboratory of Experimental Atmospheric Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ayala LG, Abreu M, Avila M, Bergamini BC, Neto AC, Zin WA, Neto AG, Carvalho AR. 0548. Effects of sedation and muscle paralysis on inflammation during mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4798140 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Camilo LM, Ávila MB, Cruz LFS, Ribeiro GCM, Spieth PM, Reske AA, Amato M, Giannella-Neto A, Zin WA, Carvalho AR. Positive end-expiratory pressure and variable ventilation in lung-healthy rats under general anesthesia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110817. [PMID: 25383882 PMCID: PMC4226529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Variable ventilation (VV) seems to improve respiratory function in acute lung injury and may be combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in order to protect the lungs even in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that VV in combination with moderate levels of PEEP reduce the deterioration of pulmonary function related to general anesthesia. Hence, we aimed at evaluating the alveolar stability and lung protection of the combination of VV at different PEEP levels. Design Randomized experimental study. Setting Animal research facility. Subjects Forty-nine male Wistar rats (200–270 g). Interventions Animals were ventilated during 2 hours with protective low tidal volume (VT) in volume control ventilation (VCV) or VV and PEEP adjusted at the level of minimum respiratory system elastance (Ers), obtained during a decremental PEEP trial subsequent to a recruitment maneuver, and 2 cmH2O above or below of this level. Measurements and Main Results Ers, gas exchange and hemodynamic variables were measured. Cytokines were determined in lung homogenate and plasma samples and left lung was used for histologic analysis and diffuse alveolar damage scoring. A progressive time-dependent increase in Ers was observed independent on ventilatory mode or PEEP level. Despite of that, the rate of increase of Ers and lung tissue IL-1 beta concentration were significantly lower in VV than in VCV at the level of the PEEP of minimum Ers. A significant increase in lung tissue cytokines (IL-6, IL-1 beta, CINC-1 and TNF-alpha) as well as a ventral to dorsal and cranial to caudal reduction in aeration was observed in all ventilated rats with no significant differences among groups. Conclusions VV combined with PEEP adjusted at the level of the PEEP of minimal Ers seemed to better prevent anesthesia-induced atelectasis and might improve lung protection throughout general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M. Camilo
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana B. Ávila
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe S. Cruz
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. M. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter M. Spieth
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas A. Reske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcelo Amato
- Cardio-Pulmonary Department, Pulmonary Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Giannella-Neto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter A. Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson R. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luis Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Yoshida T, Torsani V, Gomes S, De Santis RR, Beraldo MA, Costa ELV, Tucci MR, Zin WA, Kavanagh BP, Amato MBP. Spontaneous effort causes occult pendelluft during mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 188:1420-7. [PMID: 24199628 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0539oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In normal lungs, local changes in pleural pressure (P(pl)) are generalized over the whole pleural surface. However, in a patient with injured lungs, we observed (using electrical impedance tomography) a pendelluft phenomenon (movement of air within the lung from nondependent to dependent regions without change in tidal volume) that was caused by spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation. OBJECTIVES To test the hypotheses that in injured lungs negative P(pl) generated by diaphragm contraction has localized effects (in dependent regions) that are not uniformly transmitted, and that such localized changes in P(pl) cause pendelluft. METHODS We used electrical impedance tomography and dynamic computed tomography (CT) to analyze regional inflation in anesthetized pigs with lung injury. Changes in local P(pl) were measured in nondependent versus dependent regions using intrabronchial balloon catheters. The airway pressure needed to achieve comparable dependent lung inflation during paralysis versus spontaneous breathing was estimated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In all animals, spontaneous breathing caused pendelluft during early inflation, which was associated with more negative local P(pl) in dependent regions versus nondependent regions (-13.0 ± 4.0 vs. -6.4 ± 3.8 cm H2O; P < 0.05). Dynamic CT confirmed pendelluft, which occurred despite limitation of tidal volume to less than 6 ml/kg. Comparable inflation of dependent lung during paralysis required almost threefold greater driving pressure (and tidal volume) versus spontaneous breathing (28.0 ± 0.5 vs. 10.3 ± 0.6 cm H2O, P < 0.01; 14.8 ± 4.6 vs. 5.8 ± 1.6 ml/kg, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous breathing effort during mechanical ventilation causes unsuspected overstretch of dependent lung during early inflation (associated with reciprocal deflation of nondependent lung). Even when not increasing tidal volume, strong spontaneous effort may potentially enhance lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshida
- 1 Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Heart Institute (Incor) Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ajčević M, Lucangelo U, Ferluga M, Zin WA, Accardo A. In vitro estimation of pressure drop across tracheal tubes during high-frequency percussive ventilation. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:177-88. [PMID: 24398394 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/2/177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tracheal tubes (TT) are used in clinical practice to connect an artificial ventilator to the patient's airways. It is important to know the pressure used to overcome tube impedance to avoid lung injury. Although high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) has been increasingly used, the mechanical behavior of TT under HFPV has not yet been described. Thus, we aimed at characterizing in vitro the pressure drop across TT (ΔPTT) by identifying the model that best fits the measured pressure-flow (P-V̇) relationships during HFPV under different working pressures (PWork), percussive frequencies and mechanical loads. Three simple models relating ΔPTT and flow (V̇) were tested. Model 1 is characterized by linear resistive [Rtube ⋅ V̇(t)] and inertial [I · V̈(t)] terms. Model 2 takes into consideration Rohrer's approach [K1· V̇(t) + K2 ⋅V̇(t)] and inertance [I ·V̈(t)]. In model 3 the pressure drop caused by friction is represented by the non-linear Blasius component [Kb· V̇(1.75)(t)] and the inertial term [I· V̈(t)]. Model 1 presented a significantly higher root mean square error of approximation than models 2 and 3, which were similar. Thus, model 1 was not as accurate as the latter, possibly due to turbulence. Model 3 presented the most robust resistance-related coefficient. Estimated inertances did not vary among the models using the same tube. In conclusion, in HFPV ΔPTT can be easily calculated by the physician using model 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ajčević
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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18
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Mazzoli-Rocha F, Carvalho GMC, Lanzetti M, Valença SS, Silva LFF, Saldiva PHN, Zin WA, Faffe DS. Respiratory toxicity of repeated exposure to particles produced by traffic and sugar cane burning. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 191:106-13. [PMID: 24280381 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared the toxicity of subchronic exposure to equivalent masses of particles from sugar cane burning and traffic. BALB/c mice received 3 intranasal instillations/week during 1, 2 or 4 weeks of either distilled water (C1, C2, C4) or particles (15μg) from traffic (UP1, UP2, UP4) or biomass burning (BP1, BP2, BP4). Lung mechanics, histology and oxidative stress were analyzed 24h after the last instillation. In all instances UP and BP groups presented worse pulmonary elastance, airway and tissue resistance, alveolar collapse, bronchoconstriction and macrophage influx into the lungs than controls. UP4, BP2 and BP4 presented more alveolar collapse than UP1 and BP1, respectively. UP and BP had worse bronchial and alveolar lesion scores than their controls; BP4 had greater bronchial lesion scores than UP4. Catalase was higher in UP4 and BP4 than in C4. In conclusion, biomass particles were more toxic than those from traffic after repeated exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mazzoli-Rocha
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Valença
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F F Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Débora S Faffe
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Carvalho AR, Bergamini BC, Carvalho NS, Cagido VR, Neto AC, Jandre FC, Zin WA, Giannella-Neto A. Volume-Independent Elastance. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:627-33. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31824a95ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Antonaglia V, Ferluga M, Bianco N, Accolla PP, Zin WA. Respiratory mechanics during repeated lung lavages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Intern Emerg Med 2012; 7 Suppl 2:S109-11. [PMID: 22426811 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-012-0767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Lucangelo U, Zin WA, Fontanesi L, Antonaglia V, Peratoner A, Ferluga M, Marras E, Borelli M, Ciccolini M, Berlot G. Early Short-Term Application of High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation Improves Gas Exchange in Hypoxemic Patients. Respiration 2012; 84:369-76. [DOI: 10.1159/000334403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Zin WA, Silva AGLS, Magalhães CB, Carvalho GMC, Riva DR, Lima CC, Leal-Cardoso JH, Takiya CM, Valença SS, Saldiva PHN, Faffe DS. Eugenol attenuates pulmonary damage induced by diesel exhaust particles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:911-7. [PMID: 22194320 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00764.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally relevant doses of inhaled diesel particles elicit pulmonary inflammation and impair lung mechanics. Eugenol, a methoxyphenol component of clove oil, presents in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Our aim was to examine a possible protective role of eugenol against lung injuries induced by diesel particles. Male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. Mice received saline (10 μl in; CTRL group) or 15 μg of diesel particles DEP (15 μg in; DIE and DEUG groups). After 1 h, mice received saline (10 μl; CTRL and DIE groups) or eugenol (164 mg/kg; EUG and DEUG group) by gavage. Twenty-four hours after gavage, pulmonary resistive (ΔP1), viscoelastic (ΔP2) and total (ΔPtot) pressures, static elastance (Est), and viscoelastic component of elastance (ΔE) were measured. We also determined the fraction areas of normal and collapsed alveoli, amounts of polymorpho- (PMN) and mononuclear cells in lung parenchyma, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Est, ΔP2, ΔPtot, and ΔE were significantly higher in the DIE than in the other groups. DIE also showed significantly more PMN, airspace collapse, and apoptosis than the other groups. However, no beneficial effect on lipid peroxidation was observed in DEUG group. In conclusion, eugenol avoided changes in lung mechanics, pulmonary inflammation, and alveolar collapse elicited by diesel particles. It attenuated the activation signal of caspase-3 by DEP, but apoptosis evaluated by TUNEL was avoided. Finally, it could not avoid oxidative stress as indicated by malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chicayban LM, Zin WA, Guimarães FS. Can the Flutter Valve improve respiratory mechanics and sputum production in mechanically ventilated patients? A randomized crossover trial. Heart Lung 2011; 40:545-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Monção-Ribeiro LC, Cagido VR, Lima-Murad G, Santana PT, Riva DR, Borojevic R, Zin WA, Cavalcante MCM, Riça I, Brando-Lima AC, Takiya CM, Faffe DS, Coutinho-Silva R. Lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury: role of P2X7 receptor. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 179:314-25. [PMID: 21982752 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE P2X7 receptors have been involved in inflammatory and immunological responses, and their activation modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines production by LPS-challenged macrophages. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of P2X7R in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. METHODS Wild-type (C57BL/6) and P2X7 knockout mice received intratracheal injection of saline or Escherichia coli LPS (60 μg). After 24h, changes in lung mechanics were determined by the end-inflation occlusion method. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, and lungs were harvested for measurement of morphometry, fibers content, inflammatory cells and cytokine expression by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with saline, LPS increased lung mechanical parameters, mast cell, collagen and fibronectin deposition in lung parenchyma, as well as nitric oxide and lactate dehydrogenase release into bronchoalveolar fluid in wild-type, but not in P2X7R knockout mice. Alveolar collapse, lung influx of polymorphonuclear and CD14(+) cells, as well as TGF-β, MMP-2, and IL-1β release were higher in wild-type than knockout LPS-challenged mice, while MMP-9 release where similar between the two genotypes. LPS increased macrophage immunoreactivity in lung tissue in both genotypes, but macrophages were not activated in the P2X7R knockout mice. Furthermore, LPS administration increased P2X7R immunoexpression in lung parenchyma in wild-type mice, and TLR4 in both wild-type and P2X7R knockout mice. CONCLUSION P2X7 receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of LPS-induced lung injury, modulating lung inflammatory and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C Monção-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ferreira HC, Mazzoli-Rocha F, Momesso DP, Garcia CSNB, Carvalho GMC, Lassance-Soares RM, Prota LFM, Morales MM, Faffe DS, Carvalho AR, Rocco PRM, Zin WA. On the crucial ventilatory setting adjustment from two- to one-lung ventilation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 179:198-204. [PMID: 21871975 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung mechanics, histology, oxygenation and type-III procollagen (PCIII) mRNA were studied aiming to evaluate the need to readjust ventilatory pattern when going from two- to one-lung ventilation (OLV). Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: the left lung was not ventilated while the right lung received: (1) tidal volume (V(T))=5 ml/kg and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)=2 cm H(2)O (V5P2), (2) V(T)=10 ml/kg and PEEP=2 cm H(2)O (V10P2), and (3) V(T)=5 ml/kg and PEEP=5 cm H(2)O (V5P5). At 1-h ventilation, V5P2 showed hypoxemia, alveolar collapse and impaired lung function. Higher PEEP minimized these changes and prevented hypoxemia. Although high V(T) prevented hypoxemia and maintained a higher specific compliance than V5P2, a morphologically inhomogeneous parenchyma and higher PCIII expression resulted. In conclusion, the association of low V(T) and an adequate PEEP level could be useful to maintain arterial oxygenation without inducing a possible inflammatory/remodeling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Porto LC, Silva MAS, Trajano E, Pires KMP, Lanzetti M, Martins V, Caetano M, Machado MN, Sternberg C, Benjamim C, Zin WA, Valenca SS. Oxidative Stress is Strain Dependent in Bleomycin‐induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.114.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Trajano
- Histology and EmbryologyRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Histology and EmbryologyRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration PhysiologyFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Antonaglia V, Ferluga M, Molino R, Lucangelo U, Peratoner A, Roman-Pognuz E, De Simoni L, Zin WA. Comparison of noninvasive ventilation by sequential use of mask and helmet versus mask in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 82:148-54. [PMID: 21447934 DOI: 10.1159/000324259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) using a face mask is the ventilatory mode of choice in selected patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A high incidence of intolerance limits the use of this approach. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sequential use of mask and helmet during NPPV in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD in order to reduce the intolerance to these devices. METHODS Fifty-three patients ventilated for the first 2 h with NPPV by mask were studied. If gas exchange and clinical status improved, they were randomized to continue on NPPV by mask or helmet. Physiological parameters were measured at admission, after the first 2 h on NPPV by mask, 4 h after randomization and at discharge. Need for intubation, ventilatory assistance, length of stay (LOS) and complications were recorded. RESULTS After the first 2 h of NPPV, gas exchange and clinical parameters improved in 40 patients. Four hours after randomization, PaCO(2) was lower in the mask group than in the helmet group. Nine patients in the mask group and 2 in the helmet group failed NPPV, 8 and 1, respectively, owing to intolerance. Time of noninvasive ventilation and LOS were lower in the mask than in the helmet group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and undergoing NPPV, the sequential use of a mask and helmet diminished the incidence of failure. Under the present experimental conditions, the use of a helmet increased LOS and the duration of artificial ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Antonaglia
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy.
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Figueiredo PHS, Zin WA, Guimarães FS. Flutter valve improves respiratory mechanics and sputum production in patients with bronchiectasis. Physiother Res Int 2010; 17:12-20. [DOI: 10.1002/pri.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Freire RC, De Carvalho MR, Joffily M, Zin WA, Nardi AE. Anxiogenic properties of a computer simulation for panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Affect Disord 2010; 125:301-6. [PMID: 20100626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several useful methods to induce anxiety in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). Our aim was to ascertain if a computer simulation (CS) could induce anxiety and physiologic alterations in PDA patients. METHODS 10 healthy controls (HC) and 10 patients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for PDA were recruited for this study. The anxiety level was measured with the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) and the Diagnostic Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) was used to ascertain panic attack (PA) symptoms. The heart rate, skin conductance and respiration were monitored during exposure to the CS. The CS was a 3D computer animation of a short bus trip, from a first person perspective. RESULTS In PDA patients CS exposure increased anxiety levels, they also had higher scores in the DSQ and two of them had PA. Compared to the HC, the PDA patients had higher skin conductance level, electrodermal response magnitude, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and respiratory rate irregularities. The heart rate means were higher for PDA patients who had PA, followed by HC and PDA patients who did not have PA. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the sense of presence. LIMITATIONS The main limitations were the small sample size, and some PDA patients under medications. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that CS exposure may induce anxiety, electrodermal and respiratory alterations in patients with PDA. CS exposure may be a useful tool in the research and treatment of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Freire
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Lucangelo U, Accardo A, Bernardi A, Ferluga M, Borelli M, Antonaglia V, Riscica F, Zin WA. Gas distribution in a two-compartment model ventilated in high-frequency percussive and pressure-controlled modes. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36:2125-31. [PMID: 20689922 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-010-1993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate in a two-compartment heterogeneous mechanical model of the lung how different loads applied to one compartment, while the other is kept constant, would modify gas distribution between the two pathways under high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV). Additionally, these results were compared with those generated in the same model by pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). METHODS Analysis was based on a Siemens lung simulator, representing a fixed branch of the system with an elastance equal to 45 cmH(2)O/L and a resistance of 20 cmH(2)O/L/s, and a single-compartment lung simulator, representing a variable pathway of the model, presenting three elastic loads varying between 35 and 85 cmH(2)O/L and three resistive loads varying between 5 and 50 cmH(2)O/L/s. Each simulator represented one compartment of the model connected to a central airway that was ventilated with either a volumetric diffusive respirator (VDR-4; Percussionaire Corporation, Sandpoint, ID, USA) or a Siemens Servo 900c ventilator. Flow and pressures were measured in each branch of the model under nine conditions representing the combinations of three elastic and three resistive loads (variable branch) while the loads in the other pathway were kept constant. RESULTS HFPV was able to avoid hyperinflation and reduce tidal volume in a bicompartmental heterogeneous lung model. Under HFPV, gas distribution between the two compartments was not constrained by their time constants. PCV yielded gas distribution as determined by the time constant of each compartment. CONCLUSIONS HFPV accommodated volume distribution without overinflating compartments with low time constants, thus possibly presenting a potential protective behavior in mechanically heterogeneous lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucangelo
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Intensive Care and Emergency, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University School of Medicine, Strada di Fiume 447, 34139, Trieste, Italy.
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Antonaglia V, Lucangelo U, Ristagno G, Tantillo S, Ferluga M, Torelli L, Zin WA. Gas distribution in a two-compartment model during volume or pressure ventilation: role of elastic elements. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2010; 171:225-31. [PMID: 20338267 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The results of the studies on pulmonary gas distribution during constant-flow controlled-volume inflation (VCV) and inspiratory constant pressure inflation (PCV) in experimental studies are conflicting. In a mathematical model, with the characteristics of two lung compartments including tissue viscoelastic properties, pulmonary gas distribution was tested by simulating PCV and VCV at same inflation volumes. The compartmental distributions of the tidal volume were compared during CMV and PCV in different configurations obtained by changing the elastic and viscoelastic properties in each compartment, but maintaining the same total values of respiratory mechanics measured in patients. In all instances PCV resulted in a slightly higher air-trapping than in VCV mode. Heterogeneous elastic properties diverted most of the tidal volume towards the less compromised compartment. However, both ventilatory modes provided similar compartmental gas distribution, but during VCV compartmental peak pressures were higher in the sicker compartment respect to PCV. The use of PCV could grant a less remarkable pressure variability able to reduce the potential ventilator-associated lung injury. Moreover, the parameters measured during an end-inspiratory pause could not pinpoint unique characteristics for each configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Antonaglia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Laboratory of Respiratory Biomechanics, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34139 Trieste, Italy.
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Lopes FL, Oliveira MM, Freire RC, Caldirola D, Perna G, Bellodi L, Valença AM, Nascimento I, Piedade RA, Ribeiro P, Zin WA, Nardi AE. Carbon dioxide-induced panic attacks and quantitative electroencephalogram in panic disorder patients. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 11:357-63. [PMID: 19958206 DOI: 10.3109/15622970903144012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the brain cortical activity, as indexed by quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) power, coherence and asymmetry measures, in panic disorder (PD) patients during an induced panic attack with a 35% CO(2) challenge test and also in a resting condition. Fifteen subjects with PD were randomly assigned to both 35% CO(2) mixture and atmospheric compressed air, in a double-blind study design, with EEG being recorded for a 20-min period. During induced panic attacks we found a reduced right-sided frontal orbital asymmetry in the beta band, a decreased occipital frontal intra-hemispheric coherence in the delta band at both right and left sides, a left-sided occipital delta inter-hemispheric asymmetry and an increased relative power in the beta wave at T4. Our data showed a disturbed frontal cortical processing, pointing to an imbalance of the frontal and occipital sites, common to both hemispheres, and an increased right posterior activity related to the high arousing panic attack condition. Those findings corroborate the Neuroanatomical hypothesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana L Lopes
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, INCT Translational Medicine (CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Magalhães CB, Riva DR, DePaula LJ, Brando-Lima A, Koatz VLG, Leal-Cardoso JH, Zin WA, Faffe DS. In vivo anti-inflammatory action of eugenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:845-51. [PMID: 20075264 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00560.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenol, a methoxyphenol component of clove oil, suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression, while eugenol dimers prevent nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Our aim was to examine the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. Mice received saline [0.05 ml intratracheally (it), control (Ctrl) and eugenol (Eug) groups] or Escherichia coli LPS (10 microg it, LPS and LPSEug groups). After 6 h, mice received saline (0.2 ml ip, Ctrl and LPS groups) or eugenol (160 mg/kg ip, Eug and LPSEug groups). Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, pulmonary resistive (DeltaP1) and viscoelastic (DeltaP2) pressures, static elastance (E(st)), and viscoelastic component of elastance (DeltaE) were measured. Lungs were prepared for histology. In parallel mice, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected 24 h after LPS injection. TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA. Lung tissue expression of NF-kappaB was determined by EMSA. DeltaP1, DeltaP2, E(st), and DeltaE were significantly higher in the LPS group than in the other groups. LPS mice also showed significantly more alveolar collapse, collagen fibers, and neutrophil influx and higher TNF-alpha levels and NF-kappaB expression than the other groups. Eugenol treatment reduced LPS-induced lung inflammation, improving lung function. Our results suggest that eugenol exhibits in vivo anti-inflammatory action in LPS-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa B Magalhães
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nardi AE, Lopes FL, Freire RC, Veras AB, Nascimento I, Valença AM, de-Melo-Neto VL, Soares-Filho GL, King AL, Araújo DM, Mezzasalma MA, Rassi A, Zin WA. Panic disorder and social anxiety disorder subtypes in a caffeine challenge test. Psychiatry Res 2009; 169:149-53. [PMID: 19698996 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 07/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of anxiety disorder patients to challenge tests. Our aim was to observe if panic disorder (PD) patients and generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD) and performance social anxiety disorder (PSAD) patients respond in a similar way to the induction of anxiety symptoms and panic attacks by an oral caffeine challenge test. We compared 28 PD patients, 25 GSAD patients, 19 PSAD, and 26 control subjects after a 480-mg caffeine test. The patients had not received psychotropic drugs for at least a 4-week period. In a randomized double-blind experiment performed in two occasions 7 days apart, 480 mg of caffeine and a caffeine-free solution were administered and anxiety scales were administered before and after each test. A panic attack was induced in 17 (60.7%) PD patients, 4 (16.0%) GSAD patients, and 10 (52.6%) PSAD patients, during the caffeine test. None of the control subjects had a panic attack after the caffeine intake. Neither patients nor any control subject had a panic attack after drinking the caffeine-free solution. Our data suggest that there is an association between PD and PSAD hyperreactivity to an oral caffeine challenge test. The PD and PSAD patients had a higher number of induced panic attacks, some specific anxiety symptoms, and a more severe anxiety response than GSAD patients and normal volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, R. Visconde de Pirajá, 407/702, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-22410-003 Brazil.
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Abstract
The mechanical properties of lung tissue are important determinants of lung physiological functions. The connective tissue is composed mainly of cells and extracellular matrix, where collagen and elastic fibers are the main determinants of lung tissue mechanical properties. These fibers have essentially different elastic properties, form a continuous network along the lungs, and are responsible for passive expiration. In the last decade, many studies analyzed the relationship between tissue composition, microstructure, and macrophysiology, showing that the lung physiological behavior reflects both the mechanical properties of tissue individual components and its complex structural organization. Different lung pathologies such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, fibrosis, inflammation, and emphysema can affect the extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the mechanical properties of lung tissue and how the stress-bearing elements of lung parenchyma can influence its behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora S Faffe
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Martini SV, Fagundes SS, Schmidt AC, Avila M, Ornellas DS, Ribas VT, Petrs-Silva H, Linden R, Faffe DS, Guggino SE, Rocco PRM, Zin WA, Morales MM. Does the use of recombinant AAV5 in pulmonary gene therapy lead to lung damage? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 168:203-9. [PMID: 19573627 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether repeated administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 (rAAV5) to the airways induces inflammatory processes in the lungs of BALB/c-mice, with mechanical and histologic changes. Saline was instilled intratracheally in the control group, and rAAV5-green fluorescence protein (GFP) (4x10(11)particles) in the virus group (VR). These groups were subdivided into four subgroups: one dose analyzed 3 weeks later (VR1d3w) and two doses analyzed 1 (VR2d1w), 2 (VR2d2w) and 3 weeks (VR2d3w) after the second dose. Lung morphometry, mechanical parameters, airway responsiveness, rAAV5-GFP transduction and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were investigated. No significant differences in lung mechanics, airway responsiveness, and morphometry were observed. Re-administration of rAAV5 vector resulted in a decrease in GFP mRNA expression in the VR2d3w group. There was no evidence of inflammatory response or apoptosis in any group. rAAV5 did not induce an inflammatory process, mechanical or morphometric changes in the lungs. AAV5 may be an appropriate vector for lung gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Martini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nardi AE, Freire RC, Zin WA. Panic disorder and control of breathing. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 167:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Santana MCE, Garcia CSNB, Xisto DG, Nagato LKS, Lassance RM, Prota LFM, Ornellas FM, Capelozzi VL, Morales MM, Zin WA, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Prone position prevents regional alveolar hyperinflation and mechanical stress and strain in mild experimental acute lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2009; 167:181-8. [PMID: 19505674 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prone position may delay the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), but the mechanisms require better elucidation. In experimental mild acute lung injury (ALI), arterial oxygen partial pressure (Pa O2), lung mechanics and histology, inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 beta], and type III procollagen (PCIII) mRNA expressions were analysed in supine and prone position. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. In controls, saline was intraperitoneally injected while ALI was induced by paraquat. After 24-h, the animals were mechanically ventilated for 1-h in supine or prone positions. In ALI, prone position led to a better blood flow/tissue ratio both in ventral and dorsal regions and was associated with a more homogeneous distribution of alveolar aeration/tissue ratio reducing lung static elastance and viscoelastic pressure, and increasing end-expiratory lung volume and Pa O2. PCIII expression was higher in the ventral than dorsal region in supine position, with no regional changes in inflammatory markers. In conclusion, prone position may protect the lungs against VILI, thus reducing pulmonary stress and strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina E Santana
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Valenca SS, Bezerra FS, Pires KMP, Lanzetti M, Zin WA, Porto LC. Protective effects of the N‐(2‐Mercaptopropionyl)‐Glycine and N‐acetylcysteine on cigarette smoke‐induced lung oxidative stress in mice. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.572.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Valenca
- Histology and EmbryologyRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Frank S Bezerra
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology – IBCCF/CCSFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - K MP Pires
- Histology and EmbryologyRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Histology and EmbryologyRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology – IBCCF/CCSFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Pássaro CP, Silva PL, Rzezinski AF, Abrantes S, Santiago VR, Nardelli L, Santos RS, Barbosa CML, Morales MM, Zin WA, Amato MBP, Capelozzi VL, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Pulmonary lesion induced by low and high positive end-expiratory pressure levels during protective ventilation in experimental acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1011-7. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181962d85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nardi AE, Valença AM, Nascimento I, Freire RC, Veras AB, de-Melo-Neto VL, Lopes FL, King AL, Soares-Filho GL, Mezzasalma MA, Rassi A, Zin WA. A caffeine challenge test in panic disorder patients, their healthy first-degree relatives, and healthy controls. Depress Anxiety 2009; 25:847-53. [PMID: 17823963 DOI: 10.1002/da.20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to observe the induction of anxiety symptoms and panic attacks by a caffeine challenge test in panic disorder (PD) patients (DSM-IV) and their healthy first-degree relatives. We randomly selected 25 PD patients, 27 healthy first-degree relatives of probands with PD, and 22 healthy volunteers with no family history of PD. In a randomized double-blind experiment performed over two occasions 7 days apart, 480 mg caffeine and a caffeine-free solution were administered in a coffee form. Using specific panic attack criteria, 52.0% (n=13) PD patients, 40.7% (n=11) first-degree relatives (chi2=1.81, df=1, P=0.179), and none of the control subjects had a panic attack after the test (chi2=51.7, df=2, P<0.001). In this caffeine challenge test, PD patients and their first-degree relatives were more sensitive than healthy volunteers to the panic attack symptoms but less sensitive to headache, increase in blood pressure, and insomnia. Our data suggest that there is an association between panic attacks after the intake of 480 mg of caffeine in PD patients and their first-degree relatives. There is a clear differentiation of PD patients and their first-degree relatives by a caffeine test from the healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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43
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Laks D, de Oliveira RC, de André PA, Macchione M, Lemos M, Faffe D, Saldiva PHN, Zin WA. Composition of diesel particles influences acute pulmonary toxicity: an experimental study in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:1037-42. [PMID: 18686106 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particles have been consistently associated with adverse health effects, yielding mainly high cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. Diesel engines represent a major source of particles in the urban scenario. We aimed to modify the composition of diesel particles, by means of different extraction procedures, to relate changes in chemical profile to corresponding indicators of respiratory toxicity. Male BALB/c mice were nasally instilled with saline, or with diesel particles, treated or not, and assigned to five groups: saline (SHAM), intact diesel particles (DEP), and diesel particles previously treated with methanol (METH), hexane (HEX), or nitric acid (NA). Elemental composition and organic compounds were analyzed. Twenty-four hours after nasal instillation, respiratory parameters were measured and lung tissue was collected for histological analysis. Static elastance was significantly increased in groups DEP and MET in relation to the other groups. HEX and NA were different from DEP but not significantly different from SHAM and METH groups. The difference between dynamic and static elastance was increased in DEP, METH, and NA treatments; HEX was not statistically different from SHAM. DEP and METH groups presented significantly increased upper airways resistance, while DEP, METH, and NA showed higher peripheral airways resistance values. All groups had a higher total resistance than SHAM. DEP, METH, and NA showed significant increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. In conclusion, diesel particles treated with hexane (HEX) resulted in a respiratory-system profile very similar to that in SHAM group, indicating that hexane treatment attenuates pulmonary inflammation elicited by diesel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Laks
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Santos FB, Garcia CSNB, Xisto DG, Negri EM, Capelozzi VL, Faffe DS, Rocco PRM, Zin WA. Effects of amiodarone on lung tissue mechanics and parenchyma remodeling. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 162:126-31. [PMID: 18586579 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the results of chronic oral administration of amiodarone on in vitro lung tissue mechanics, light and electron microscopy. Fifteen Wistar male rats were divided into three groups. In control (CTRL) group animals received saline (0.5 mL/day). In amiodarone (AMIO) groups, amiodarone was administered by gavage at a dose of 175 mg/kg 5 days per week for 6 (6AMIO) or 12 weeks (12AMIO). Lung tissue strips were analyzed 24h after the last drug administration. Tissue resistance and elastance were higher in 6AMIO and 12AMIO than in CTRL, while hysteresivity was similar in all groups. Total amount of collagen fibers in lung parenchyma increased progressively with the time course of the lesion. However, at 6 weeks there was an increase in the amount of type III collagen fibers, while in 12AMIO mainly type I collagen fibers were found. In our study amiodarone increased lung tissue impedance that was accompanied by matrix remodeling and lesion of type II pneumocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia B Santos
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Guimarães FS, Zin WA. Thoracic percussion yields reversible mechanical changes in healthy subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 104:601-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Freire RC, Lopes FL, Valença AM, Nascimento I, Veras AB, Mezzasalma MA, de-Melo-Neto VL, Zin WA, Nardi AE. Panic disorder respiratory subtype: a comparison between responses to hyperventilation and CO2 challenge tests. Psychiatry Res 2008; 157:307-10. [PMID: 17964660 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study 117 panic disorder patients were divided into a respiratory subtype group and a non-respiratory subtype group. The respiratory subtype patients were observed to be more sensitive to the 35% CO(2) inhalation challenge test and the hyperventilation test than the non-respiratory subtype patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Freire
- Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Visconde de Pirajá, 407/702, 22410-003, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Dias CM, Pássaro CP, Antunes MA, Cagido VR, Einicker-Lamas M, Lowe J, Negri EM, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Soncini R, Capelozzi VL, Zin WA, Rocco PR. Effects of different nutritional support on lung mechanics and remodelling in undernourished rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 160:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Soares RM, Cagido VR, Ferraro RB, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Rocco PRM, Zin WA, Azevedo SMFO. Effects of microcystin-LR on mouse lungs. Toxicon 2007; 50:330-8. [PMID: 17521692 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria blooms in drinking water supplies have been an increasing public health concern all over the world. Human populations can be exposed to microcystins, an important family of cyanotoxins, mainly by oral ingestion. However, inhalation from recreational water and hemodialysis can represent other routes. This study investigated changes in respiratory mechanics, histology, protein phosphatase (PP) 1 and 2A activity and microcystin in lung of adult mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with microcystin-LR. Thirty-six mice were divided into control (CTRL) and test (CYANO) groups. CTRL group received an i.p. injection of saline and the CYANO group received 40 microg MCYST-LR/kg i.p. After 2 and 8 h, and 1, 2 and 4 days after toxin injection, six mice from each group were sampled for analyses. Resistive and viscoelastic pressures, static and dynamic elastances augmented at 2 h in CYANO and so remained until day 4. Alveolar collapse and inflammatory cell infiltration were found 2h after the injection, reaching peak values at 8 h. However, no microcystin or inhibition of PPases could be detected in mice lungs. In conclusion, MCYST-LR led to a rapid increase in lung impedance and an inflammatory response with interstitial edema and inflammatory cell recruitment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Soares
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, BL-G, llha do Fundão, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Freire RC, Valença AM, Nascimento I, Lopes FL, Mezzasalma MA, Zin WA, Nardi AE. Clinical features of respiratory and nocturnal panic disorder subtypes. Psychiatry Res 2007; 152:287-91. [PMID: 17466382 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 12/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to compare the panic disorder (PD) respiratory subtype and the nocturnal panic subtype. A group of 193 PD patients (DSM-IV) was examined in the Laboratory of Panic and Respiration in the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnoses were made using the SCID-I for DSM-IV. The subtypes were the respiratory (with 4 out of 5 prominent respiratory symptoms during the panic attacks [PA]) vs. non-respiratory, likewise PD with nocturnal (during sleep) PAs vs. PD with only diurnal PAs. The respiratory subtype accounted for 56.5% (n=109) of our sample; the non-respiratory subtype, 43.5% (n=84); the nocturnal subtype, 49.2% (n=95); and the non-nocturnal subtype, 50.8% (n=98). Despite a rich literature concerning correlations between the respiratory system and nocturnal panic attacks, our data do not support these findings, as the comparison of proportions in the respiratory and nocturnal groups did not differ. The non-nocturnal subtype was significantly associated with agoraphobia, and the respiratory subtype was not associated with these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Freire
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Visconde de Pirajá, 407/702, 22410-003, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Antonaglia V, Lucangelo U, Zin WA. Prone position to treat bronchopleural fistula in post-operative acute lung injury. J Clin Monit Comput 2007; 21:317-21. [PMID: 17701077 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-007-9090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prone position is used to treat patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome because it improves gas exchange and respiratory mechanics. When broncho-pleural fistula occurring, the clinical impact of prone position is limited; however, its use could be tried when the fistula is small or other potential treatments are not possible. METHODS A 45-year-old man with oesophageal cancer submitted to a total oesophagectomy with intrathoracic transposition of the stomach developed post-operatively respiratory failure and pneumothorax, which were worsened by unilateral pleural rupture and severe subcutaneous emphysema produced after an attempt to introduce through anterior chest wall a second drainage tube. RESULTS Prone position associated with lung protective strategy was implemented during 16-18 h daily and after the change of position PaO2/FiO2 increased of 35% and PaCO2-PetCO2 decreased about 40%; at 4th day under treatment, the subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax could not be detected either clinically or radiologically. On the 6th day the lung lesion could not be observed under the CT-scan. CONCLUSIONS In a patient that underwent a major thoracic surgery the addition of prone positioning to protective lung ventilation rendered possible not only the healing of the acute lung injury, but also the quick repair of a lung rupture owing to a thoracic drainage attempt.
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