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Tai TS, Yang HY, Chuang WC, Huang YW, Ho IC, Tsai CC, Chuang YT. ScRNA-Seq Analyses Define the Role of GATA3 in iNKT Cell Effector Lineage Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:1073. [PMID: 38920701 PMCID: PMC11201670 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
While the transcription factor GATA-3 is well-established for its crucial role in T cell development, its specific influence on invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells remains relatively unexplored. Using flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated that GATA-3 deficiency in mice leads to the absence of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cell subsets, as well as an altered distribution of iNKT1 cells. Thymic iNKT cells lacking GATA-3 exhibited diminished expression of PLZF and T-bet, key transcription factors involved in iNKT cell differentiation, and reduced production of Th2, Th17, and cytotoxic effector molecules. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a comprehensive absence of iNKT17 cells, a substantial reduction in iNKT2 cells, and an increase in iNKT1 cells in GATA-3-deficient thymi. Differential expression analysis highlighted the regulatory role of GATA-3 in T cell activation signaling and altered expression of genes critical for iNKT cell differentiation, such as Icos, Cd127, Eomes, and Zbtb16. Notably, restoration of Icos, but not Cd127, expression could rescue iNKT cell development in GATA-3-deficient mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the pivotal role of GATA-3 in orchestrating iNKT cell effector lineage differentiation through the regulation of T cell activation pathways and Icos expression, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms governing iNKT cell development and function.
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Chuang WC, Garmestani A, Eason TN, Spanbauer TL, Fried-Petersen HB, Roberts CP, Sundstrom SM, Burnett JL, Angeler DG, Chaffin BC, Gunderson L, Twidwell D, Allen CR. Enhancing quantitative approaches for assessing community resilience. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:353-362. [PMID: 29502020 PMCID: PMC6748383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Scholars from many different intellectual disciplines have attempted to measure, estimate, or quantify resilience. However, there is growing concern that lack of clarity on the operationalization of the concept will limit its application. In this paper, we discuss the theory, research development and quantitative approaches in ecological and community resilience. Upon noting the lack of methods that quantify the complexities of the linked human and natural aspects of community resilience, we identify several promising approaches within the ecological resilience tradition that may be useful in filling these gaps. Further, we discuss the challenges for consolidating these approaches into a more integrated perspective for managing social-ecological systems.
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Tsai KJ, Hsu WC, Chuang WC, Chang JC, Tu YC, Tsai HJ, Liu HF, Wang FI, Lee SH. Emergence of a sylvatic enzootic formosan ferret badger-associated rabies in Taiwan and the geographical separation of two phylogenetic groups of rabies viruses. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:28-34. [PMID: 26711025 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taiwan had been declared rabies-free in humans and domestic animals for five decades until July 2013, when surprisingly, three Formosan ferret badgers (FB) were diagnosed with rabies. Since then, a variety of wild carnivores and other wildlife species have been found dead, neurologically ill, or exhibiting aggressive behaviors around the island. To determine the affected animal species, geographic areas, and environments, animal bodies were examined for rabies by direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The viral genomes from the brains of selected rabid animals were sequenced for the phylogeny of rabies viruses (RABV). Out of a total of 1016 wild carnivores, 276/831 (33.2%) Formosan FBs were FAT positive, with occasional biting incidents in 1 dog and suspected spillover in 1 house shrew. All other animals tested, including dogs, cats, bats, mice, house shrews, and squirrels, were rabies-negative. The rabies was badger-associated and confined to nine counties/cities in sylvatic environments. Phylogeny of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes from 59 Formosan FB-associated RABV revealed them to be clustered in two distinct groups, TWI and TWII, consistent with the geographic segregation into western and eastern Taiwan provided by the Central Mountain Range and into northern rabies-free and central-southern rabies-affected regions by a river bisecting western Taiwan. The unique features of geographic and genetic segregation, sylvatic enzooticity, and FB-association of RABV suggest a logical strategy for the control of rabies in this nation.
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Chen CH, Shiu LY, Su LJ, Huang CYF, Huang SC, Huang CC, Yin YF, Wang WS, Tsai HT, Fang FM, Chuang WC, Kang HC, Hwang CF. FLJ10540 is associated with tumor progression in nasopharyngeal carcinomas and contributes to nasopharyngeal cell proliferation, and metastasis via osteopontin/CD44 pathway. J Transl Med 2012; 10:93. [PMID: 22591637 PMCID: PMC3419101 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is well-known for its highly metastatic characteristics, but little is known of its molecular mechanisms. New biomarkers that predict clinical outcome, in particular the ability of the primary tumor to develop metastatic tumors are urgently needed. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of FLJ10540 in human NPC development. Methods A bioinformatics approach was used to explore the potentially important regulatory genes involved in the growth/metastasis control of NPC. FLJ10540 was chosen for this study. Two co-expression strategies from NPC microarray were employed to identify the relationship between FLJ10540 and osteopontin. Quantitative-RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression profiles of FLJ10540 and osteopontin in the normal and NPC tissues to confirm microarray results. TW01 and Hone1 NPC cells with overexpression FLJ10540 or siRNA to repress endogenous FLJ10540 were generated by stable transfection to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FLJ10540-elicited cell growth and metastasis under osteopontin stimulation. Results We found that osteopontin expression exhibited a positive correlation with FLJ10540 in NPC microarray. We also demonstrated comprehensively that FLJ10540 and osteopontin were not only overexpressed in NPC specimens, but also significantly correlated with advanced tumor and lymph node-metastasis stages, and had a poor 5-year survival rate, respectively. Stimulation of NPC parental cells with osteopontin results in an increase in FLJ10540 mRNA and protein expressions. Functionally, FLJ10540 transfectant alone, or stimulated with osteopontin, exhibited fast growth and increased metastasis as compared to vehicle control with or without osteopontin stimulation. Conversely, knockdown of FLJ10540 by siRNA results in the suppression of NPC cell growth and motility. Treatment with anti-CD44 antibodies in NPC parental cells not only resulted in a decrease of FLJ10540 protein, but also affected the abilities of FLJ10540-elicited cell growth and motility in osteopontin stimulated-NPC cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that FLJ10540 may be critical regulator of disease progression in NPC, and the underlying mechanism may involve in the osteopontin/CD44 pathway.
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Huang SH, Chu CH, Yu JC, Chuang WC, Lin GJ, Chen PL, Chou FC, Chau LY, Sytwu HK. Transgenic expression of haem oxygenase-1 in pancreatic beta cells protects non-obese mice used as a model of diabetes from autoimmune destruction and prolongs graft survival following islet transplantation. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2389-400. [PMID: 20683574 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) has strong anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects that help protect cells against various forms of immune attack. We investigated whether transgenic expression of Ho-1 (also known as Hmox1) in pancreatic beta cells would protect NOD mice from autoimmune damage and prolong graft survival following islet transplantation. METHODS To evaluate the protective effect of beta cell-specific HO-1 in autoimmune diabetes, we used an insulin promoter-driven murine Ho-1 construct (pIns-mHo-1) to generate a transgenic NOD mouse. Transgene expression, insulitis and the incidence of diabetes in mice were characterised. Lymphocyte composition, the development of T helper (Th)1, Th2 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, T cell proliferation and lymphocyte-mediated disease transfer were analysed. The potential effects of transgenic islets and islet transplantation on apoptosis, inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were evaluated. RESULTS Transgenic mice showed less severe insulitis and a lower incidence of diabetes than non-transgenic control littermates. Lymphocyte composition and functions were not affected. Islets from transgenic mice expressed lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, proapoptotic gene expression and amounts of ROS/RNS, and were more resistant to TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced apoptosis. Islet grafts from transgenic mice also survived longer in diabetic recipients than control islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Transgenic overexpression of Ho-1 in beta cells protected NOD mice from diabetes and delayed the autoimmune destruction of islet grafts, providing valuable insight into the development of better strategies for clinical islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Chuang WC, Short JH, McKinney AM, Anker L, Knoll B, McKinney ZJ. Reversible left hemispheric ischemia secondary to carotid compression in Eagle syndrome: surgical and CT angiographic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:143-5. [PMID: 17213444 PMCID: PMC8134084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of ipsilateral carotid artery compression secondary to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament may be seen in Eagle syndrome. The patient will typically experience cervicofacial pain due to stimulation of the arterial nervous plexus. In addition, symptoms directly attributable to compression of the carotid artery may be seen, including visual symptoms and syncope. We report here the case of a patient who developed symptoms consistent with left hemispheric ischemia within 15 seconds of turning his head to the left. These symptoms were completely reversible on returning the head to the neutral position. No long-term sequelae were detected clinically or radiographically.
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Chuang WC, Cheng CM, Chang HC, Chen YP, Sheu SJ. Contents of constituents in mature and immature fruits of evodia species. PLANTA MEDICA 1999; 65:567-71. [PMID: 17260282 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 33 commercial samples of Evodiae fructus originated from the rutaceous plants Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. and E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang (= E. officinalis Dode), respectively, were collected from Taiwan's herbal market. The contents of eighteen constituents (including 15 alkaloids, 2 flavonoids and 1 diterpenoid) in these samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography within 60 minutes. Analysis results showed that the constituent contents were almost unrelated to the species, but rather closely related to the degrees of maturity of the fruit. Those fruits with open mouths and unsplit ovaries had the highest total contents, fruits with open mouths and split ovaries had lower contents, and fruits with closed mouths had the lowest contents. In terms of the individual constituents, the open-mouth fruits contained higher contents of dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, evocarpine and rutaecarpine, whereas the closed-mouth fruits had higher contents of dehydroevodiamine, epimedoside C, evocarpine and evodiamine.
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Chuang WC, Lin WC, Sheu SJ, Chiou SH, Chang HC, Chen YP. A comparative study on commercial samples of the roots of Paeonia vitchii and P. lactiflora. PLANTA MEDICA 1996; 62:347-51. [PMID: 17252469 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 37 commercial samples of paeoniae radix (Paeonia lactiflora Pall. = P. albiflora Pall, and P. vitchii Lynch), were collected from Taiwan's herbal market. The contents of eight constituents (gallic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, pentagalloylglucose, paeonol, and benzyoylalbiflorin) in these samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that constituent contents in P. lactiflora samples were generally higher than in P. vitchii samples except for the albiflorin/oxypaeoniflorin ratio and paeonol content. The major compounds of P. lactiflora were paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and pentagalloylglucose, while those in P. vitchii were paeoniflorin, pentagalloylglucose, and oxypaeoniflorin. The peak-area ratio of albiflorin/oxypaeoniflorin was higher than unity in P. lactiflora samples but lower than unity in P. vitchii, and the ratio can be used to differentiate the origin of Paeonia species clearly. In addition, the former had higher contents in the core wood but the latter in the cortex.
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Chuang WC, Wu HK, Sheu SJ, Chiou SH, Chang HC, Chen YP. A comparative study on commercial samples of ginseng radix. PLANTA MEDICA 1995; 61:459-65. [PMID: 17238100 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 37 commercial samples of Ginseng Radix, the origins of which belonged to Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, P. quinquefolia Linn. (American ginseng), and P. notoginseng Burkill (sanchi-ginseng), respectively, were collected from the Taiwan herbal markets. The contents of nine ginsenosides, Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg(1), Rg(2), R(0), and three malonylginsenosides, mRb(1), mRb(2), mRc, in these samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the saponin contents in P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolia were generally higher than in P. ginseng. The ginsenosides that were of the highest contents in the white-ginseng, red-ginseng, and shihchu-ginseng samples of P. ginseng were Rb(1) and Rg(1); those in the root-hair of P. ginseng were Rb(1) and Re, those in P. notoginseng were Rb(1), Rg(1) and Rd, and those in P. quinquefolia were Rb(1), Re, and mRb(1). Among the samples, those of P. quinquefolia did not contain Rf and Rg(2), whilst those of shihehu-ginseng and red-ginseng of P. ginseng contained none or only traces of the malonylginsenosides. From the data of chemical analysis of a herb's constituents and its external appearance, we can postulate not only the quality but also the origin of the herb.
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Rodziewicz GS, Chuang WC. Endoscopic removal of organized chronic subdural hematoma. SURGICAL NEUROLOGY 1995; 43:569-72; discussion 572-3. [PMID: 7482236 DOI: 10.1016/0090-3019(95)00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An endoscopic surgical approach to organized chronic subdural hematoma is described. Advantages of the endoscopic approach include access to virtually the entire hematoma cavity through a small craniectomy performed with local-standby anesthesia. Two illustrative cases are presented.
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