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Phoopha S, Sangkaew S, Wattanapiromsakul C, Nuankaew W, Kang TH, Dej-adisai S. Phytochemical Investigation of Lepionurus sylvestris Blume and Their Anti-Diabetes Effects via Anti-Alpha Glucosidase and Insulin Secretagogue Activities Plus Molecular Docking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1132. [PMID: 37631052 PMCID: PMC10458858 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a phytochemical investigation of Lepionurus sylvestris leaf extracts and their anti-diabetic activities. Traditionally, L. sylvestris leaves were used as vegetables and food in local recipes, but the root extracts of the plant can also be used in body tonic and erectile dysfunction treatments. Following a preliminary anti-diabetic activity screening test, the 80% ethanolic leaf extract exhibited potent anti-alpha glucosidase activity. So, the leaves' active components were selected for further investigation. Firstly, the plant was extracted via maceration using lower to higher polarity solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water, respectively, to obtain the four crude extracts. Then, the phytochemicals contained in this plant were investigated via classical column chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. Anti-diabetic activity was evaluated via anti-alpha glucosidase and insulin secretagogue assays. The results showed that five compounds were isolated from the fractionated ethanolic leaf extract: interruptin A; interruptin C; ergosterol; diglycerol; and 15-16-epoxy-neo-cleoda-3,7(20),13(16),14-tetraene-12,17:18,19-diolide, a new diterpene derivative which is herein referred to as lepionurodiolide. Interruptin A and the new diterpene derivative exhibited the greatest effect on anti-alpha glucosidase activity, showing IC50 values of 293.05 and 203.71 μg/mL, respectively. Then, molecular docking was used to study the sites of action of these compounds. The results showed that interruptin A and the new compound interacted through H-bonds with the GLN279 residue, with a binding energy of -9.8 kcal/mol, whereas interruptin A and C interacted with HIS280 and ARG315 a with binding energy of -10.2 kcal/mol. Moreover, the extracts were investigated for their toxicity toward human cancer cells, and a zebrafish embryonic toxicity model was used to determine herbal drug safety. The results indicated that ethyl acetate and hexane extracts showed cytotoxicity to both Hela cells and human breast adenocarcinomas (MCF-7), which was related to the results derived from using the zebrafish embryonic toxicity model. The hexane and ethyl acetate presented LC50 values of 33.25 and 36.55 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the ethanol and water extracts did not show embryonic toxicity. This study is the first of its kind to report on the chemical constituents and anti-diabetic activity of L. sylvestris, the leaf extract of which has been traditionally used in southern Thailand as a herbal medicine and food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathianpong Phoopha
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Surat Sangkaew
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Chatchai Wattanapiromsakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (W.N.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (W.N.); (T.H.K.)
| | - Sukanya Dej-adisai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (S.S.); (C.W.)
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Hong BN, Shin SW, Nam YH, Shim JH, Kim NW, Kim MC, Nuankaew W, Kwak JH, Kang TH. Amelioration of Sensorineural Hearing Loss through Regulation of Trpv1, Cacna1h, and Ngf Gene Expression by a Combination of Cuscutae Semen and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071773. [PMID: 37049613 PMCID: PMC10097224 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common condition that results from the loss of function of hair cells, which are responsible for converting sound into electrical signals within the cochlea and auditory nerve. Despite the prevalence of SNHL, a universally effective treatment has yet to be approved. To address this absence, the present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of TS, a combination of Cuscutae Semen and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. To this end, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of TS with respect to SNHL. The results showed that TS was able to protect against ototoxic neomycin-induced damage in both HEI-OC1 cells and otic hair cells in zebrafish. Furthermore, in images obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an increase in the number of kinocilia, which was prompted by the TS treatment, was observed in the zebrafish larvae. In a noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) mouse model, TS improved hearing thresholds as determined by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. Additionally, TS was found to regulate several genes related to hearing loss, including Trpv1, Cacna1h, and Ngf, as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that TS holds promise as a potential treatment for sensorineural hearing loss. Further research is necessary to confirm these results and evaluate the safety and efficacy of TS in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Na Hong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Invivotec Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Invivotec Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Shim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Invivotec Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Woo Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Invivotec Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kwak
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Nam YH, Jeong SY, Kim YH, Rodriguez I, Nuankaew W, Bhawal UK, Hong BN, Kang TH. Anti-aging effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in differentiated embryo chondrocyte (DEC) knockout mice. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:183-190. [PMID: 33437170 PMCID: PMC7790900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian rhythm is the internal clock that controls sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, cognition, and several processes in the body, and its disruption has been associated with aging. The differentiated embryo chondrocyte (Dec) gene is related to circadian rhythm. To our knowledge, there are no reports of the relationship between dec gene expression and KRG effect. Therefore, we treated Dec gene knockout (KO) aging mice with KRG to study anti-aging related effects and possible mechanisms. Methods We evaluated KRG and expression of Dec genes in an ototoxicity model. Dec genes expression in livers of aging mice was further analyzed. Then, we assessed the effects of DEC KO on hearing function in mice by ABR. Finally, we performed DNA microarray to identify KRG-related gene expression changes in mouse liver and assessed the results using KEGG analysis. Results KRG decreased the expression of Dec genes in ototoxicity model, which may contribute to its anti-aging efficacy. Moreover, KRG suppressed Dec genes expression in liver of wild type indicating inhibition of senescence. ABR test indicated that KRG improved auditory function in aging mouse, demonstrating KRG efficacy on aging related diseases. Conclusion Finally, in KEGG analysis of 238 genes that were activated and 158 that were inhibited by KRG in DEC KO mice, activated genes were involved in proliferation signaling, mineral absorption, and PPAR signaling whereas the inhibited genes were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and peroxisomes. Our data indicate that inhibition of senescence-related Dec genes may explain the anti-aging efficacy of KRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K. Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
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Nam YH, Rodriguez I, Jeong SY, Pham TNM, Nuankaew W, Kim YH, Castañeda R, Jeong SY, Park MS, Lee KW, Lee JS, Kim DH, Park YH, Kim SH, Moon IS, Choung SY, Hong BN, Jeong KW, Kang TH. Avocado Oil Extract Modulates Auditory Hair Cell Function through the Regulation of Amino Acid Biosynthesis Genes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010113. [PMID: 30626089 PMCID: PMC6356572 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting over 466 million people worldwide. However, prevention or therapy of SNHL has not been widely studied. Avocado oil has shown many health benefits but it has not yet been studied in regards to SNHL. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of avocado oil on SNHL in vitro and in vivo and elucidate its mode of action. For the present study, we used enhanced functional avocado oil extract (DKB122). DKB122 led to recovery of otic hair cells in zebrafish after neomycin-induced otic cell damage. Also, DKB122 improved auditory sensory transmission function in a mouse model of noise induced-hearing loss and protected sensory hair cells in the cochlea. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the mechanism involved. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that DKB122 protected House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells against neomycin-related alterations in gene expression due to oxidative stress, cytokine production and protein synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Auditory Perception/drug effects
- Cochlea/cytology
- Cochlea/drug effects
- Cochlea/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/drug therapy
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/metabolism
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics
- Mice
- Persea/chemistry
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Oils/pharmacology
- Plant Oils/therapeutic use
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Nam
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Seo Yeon Jeong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Thu Nguyen Minh Pham
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Rodrigo Castañeda
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Min Seon Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 16229, Korea.
| | - Jung Suk Lee
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 16229, Korea.
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 16229, Korea.
| | - Yu Hwa Park
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 16229, Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea.
| | - In Seok Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
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Dej-adisai S, Parndaeng K, Wattanapiromsakul C, Nuankaew W, Kang T. Effects of selected moraceae plants on tyrosinase enzyme and melanin content. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_43_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ko JH, Nuankaew W, Joo SW, Kim HG, Thi NN, Lee YG, Kang TH, Baek NI. Phenolic Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Malva verticillata and their Anti-diabetic Effect. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The EtOAc, n-BuOH, and aqueous fractions from the aerial parts of Malva verticillata have been shown to promote significant recovery from alloxan-induced pancreatic islet (PI) damage in zebrafish larvae at 10 μg/mL. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the principal active components of these plant parts and their pharmacological properties. Repeated SiO2 and octadecyl SiO2 column chromatography with the aerial parts of M. verticillata led to isolation of four phenolic compounds; these compounds were identified as benzyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (1), (-)-secoisolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), transferulic acid (3), and trans-ferulic acid methyl ester (4) on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses including infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy. Compounds 14 were first isolated from M. verticillata in this study. Furthermore, compounds 1–4 recovered alloxan-induced PI damage in zebrafish. Especially, compound 3 recovered the size of the injured PIs by 83.8% ( p=0.0007) compared to the alloxan-induced group, while compound 4 by 33.4% ( p=0.0072). It is the first report that trans-ferulic acid (3) exhibited the protective effect on zebrafish larvae PIs damaged by alloxan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Wanlapa Nuankaew
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Joo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Nhan Nguyen Thi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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Joycharat N, Limsuwan S, Subhadhirasakul S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Pratumwan S, Madahin I, Nuankaew W, Promsawat A. Anti-Streptococcus mutans efficacy of Thai herbal formula used as a remedy for dental caries. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:941-947. [PMID: 22489572 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.649430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditional knowledge of herbal remedies plays an important role in the search for more effective alternative treatment of a variety of disorders. The ethnobotanical surveys in southern Thailand have revealed that 35 Thai herbal formulas have been used by Thai traditional healers against dental caries. However, the scientific evaluation to confirm their rational uses is scarce. OBJECTIVE To test in vitro anti-Streptococcus mutans activity of Thai herbal formulas used against dental caries (THF-DC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol extracts of Thai herbal formulas were evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Agar disc diffusion was employed as a preliminary screening assay, followed by broth microdilution assay to assess minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Furthermore, medicinal plants contained in the most active THF-DC were investigated for their phytochemicals. RESULTS Eleven THF-DC extracts exhibited clear inhibition zones of 7.0-22.5 mm against S. mutans. Subsequent determination of their MIC revealed that the formula containing Albizia myriophylla Benth. (Leguminosae), Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. (Zingiberaceae), Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (Acanthaceae), and Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) was the most active, with MIC at 250 µg/mL. Among these medicinal plants, A. myriophylla gave the strongest activity with MIC at 3.9 µg/mL, followed by A. marina with MIC at 62.5 µg/mL. Various classes of bioactive phytochemicals including tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids were found in these extracts. CONCLUSION Anti-S. mutans activity of THF-DC extracts was established. Further investigations may be required for the isolation and chemical characterization of the active ingredients in A. myriophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantiya Joycharat
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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