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Ievlev V, Jensen-Cody C, Lynch T, Pai A, Park S, Shahin W, Wang K, Parekh K, Engelhardt J. 437 Sox9 and Lef1 regulate the fate and behavior of airway glandular stem cells in response to injury. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shahin W, Stupans I, Kennedy G. Health beliefs and chronic illnesses of refugees: a systematic review. Ethn Health 2021; 26:756-768. [PMID: 30537853 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1557118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate beliefs, and attitudes about health of refugees with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder and the consequent effects on self-care in comparison to resident populations.Design: A systematic review methodology was used. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant articles. The main terms analysed were health beliefs, chronic conditions and refugee populations. From 844 articles, 45 were retained for further assessment, and finally 5 met the inclusion criteria.Results: Differences in the health beliefs, attitudes and self-care management approaches of refugees compared to resident populations were identified in two studies. The remaining three papers did not make comparisons between the refugees and the resident population, nor did they specifically explore the refugees' health beliefs. Of the five studies, three were carried out in Sweden and two in the US. Refugees who have poorer mental and physical health as well as higher prevalence of chronic diseases than the populations among which they resettle seem to lack the knowledge about their illness, symptoms and self-management and thus are less able to control their chronic conditions.Conclusion: The findings highlighted the deficiency in the literature of studies which examine health beliefs and attitudes of minority groups such as refugees who have chronic conditions. The findings also gave insight to the need for a distinctive understanding of refugee health and the management of chronic conditions in comparison to other non-refugee migrant groups. Further research is needed to fully understand the differences between refugees and local populations in terms health beliefs, chronic disease and self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Shahin
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ieva Stupans
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Gerard Kennedy
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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Shahin W, Kennedy GA, Stupans I. The association between social support and medication adherence in patients with hypertension: A systematic review. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2021; 19:2300. [PMID: 34221197 PMCID: PMC8234709 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2021.2.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication adherence is a primary determinant of treatment success in
hypertensive patients. One of the challenges for healthcare providers that
has received little attention is the impact of patients’ social
supports on medication adherence. Objective: This review evaluates the impact of patients’ social supports on
medication adherence in hypertensive patients. Methods: A systematic review methodology was used. Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, and
PsycINFO databases were searched systematically for relevant articles. The
outcome measure in the studies was medication adherence in hypertension. Results: From 1155 articles, 238 were retained for further assessment, and finally, 14
met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant positive associations
between medication adherence and social support were found in nine studies
(p<0.05). Conclusions: This review evaluated the impact of social support on medication adherence
and highlighted gaps in the literature regarding the impact of social
support on adherence. Family members or peer support may promote better
adherence in some patient groups. This review suggests that healthcare
providers may need to consider whether patients have appropriate social
supports in place which will assist them adhering to and benefiting from
treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Shahin
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University. Bundoora, VIC (Australia).
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University. Bundoora, VIC (Australia).
| | - Ieva Stupans
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University. Bundoora, VIC (Australia).
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Shahin W, Kennedy GA, Cockshaw W, Stupans I. The role of refugee and migrant migration status on medication adherence: Mediation through illness perceptions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227326. [PMID: 31923264 PMCID: PMC6953853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Illness perceptions may vary between different populations. This raises the question as to whether refugees and migrants of the same ethnic background have different perceptions. Understanding differences may have a significant impact on enhancing medication adherence in these groups. Objective The study examined the associations and differences between illness perceptions, and medication adherence in hypertensive Middle Eastern migrants and refugees. Methods Middle Eastern refugees and migrants (≥30 years old), with hypertension were recruited from Arabic community groups in Australia and asked to complete a cross-sectional survey. The survey consisted of basic socio-demographic and clinical profile, self-reported illness perceptions, and self-reported medication adherence. The outcome measure was the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. Simple mediation modelling was applied to examine the role of illness perceptions as a mediator between different migration statuses, and medication adherence. Results A total of 320 participants were recruited; 168 refugees, and 152 migrants. Educational level was found to be positively significantly associated with medication adherence in refugees, p = 0.003, while employed migrants were more likely to report higher adherence to hypertensive medication, p = 0.005. In both groups, there was a significant association between illness perceptions and medication adherence p = 0.0001. Significant differences were found between both groups regarding adherence and illness perceptions variables. Refugees had more negative illness perceptions and were less adherent than migrants. Illness perception was a mediator in the relationship between migration status and medication adherence; the unstandardized indirect effect was 0.24, and the 95% confidence interval ranged from (0.21–0.36). Conclusions To achieve better adherence to medications in vulnerable populations such as refugees, illness perceptions need to be understood, and differentiated from other populations, such as migrants from similar backgrounds. Patients’ education about illnesses and medications should be specific and targeted to each population. Interventional studies are recommended to modify refugees’ and migrants’ illness perceptions, to enhance medication adherence and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Shahin
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerard A. Kennedy
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendell Cockshaw
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ieva Stupans
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Shahin W, Kennedy GA, Cockshaw W, Stupans I. The Role of Medication Beliefs on Medication Adherence in Middle Eastern Refugees and Migrants Diagnosed with Hypertension in Australia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:2163-2173. [PMID: 33173283 PMCID: PMC7648560 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s274323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study assessed the association between medication beliefs and adherence in Middle Eastern refugees and migrants in Australia, and also examined differences between the two groups regarding beliefs and adherence to medication. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 319 Middle Eastern refugees and migrants with hypertension were approached via various social groups in Australia and asked to complete Arabic versions of the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) and the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. BMQ scores (necessity and concerns scales) were classified as "accepting", "indifferent", "ambivalent" or "skeptical". Multiple mediation modelling was applied to examine the role of necessity and concerns scales as mediators between migration status and medication adherence. RESULTS There were significant associations between medication adherence and medication beliefs scores (necessity and concerns scales) (p=0.0001). Necessity and concern were mediators in the relationship between migration status and medication adherence. Significant differences were found between refugees and migrants for medication adherence and medication beliefs. Refugees were likely to have less necessity, and more concern beliefs than migrants, and were also less likely to adhere to medications. Almost 30% of refugees could be classified as skeptical and 40% as ambivalent. In contrast, 50% of migrants had accepting beliefs, and around 35% held ambivalent beliefs. Refugees and migrants with "accepting" beliefs reported the highest adherence to medication and those holding "skeptical" beliefs reported the lowest adherence. CONCLUSION Medication beliefs are potentially modifiable and are reasonable targets for clinical interventions designed to improve medication adherence. Understanding these beliefs and the likely differences between refugees and migrants is crucial to provide specific and targeted advice to each group independently in order to improve medication adherence and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Shahin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
- Correspondence: Wejdan Shahin RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia Email
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendell Cockshaw
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
| | - Ieva Stupans
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
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Shahin W, Kennedy GA, Stupans I. The impact of personal and cultural beliefs on medication adherence of patients with chronic illnesses: a systematic review. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:1019-1035. [PMID: 31303749 PMCID: PMC6611718 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s212046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' adherence to therapeutic regimes may be influenced by subjective beliefs about chronic conditions. One of the challenges for health professionals in enhancing adherence is taking patients' understanding into account when giving health advice and/or providing medical treatment. PURPOSE This review aimed to evaluate the consequent effects of personal and cultural beliefs on medication adherence, in patients with chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. METHOD A systematic review methodology was used. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO, databases were searched for relevant articles. The main terms analyzed were illness perceptions, health beliefs, cultural beliefs, chronic conditions and medication adherence. RESULTS From 2,646 articles, 127 were retained for further assessment, and finally 25 met the inclusion criteria. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey research design was conducted in all included articles. Of these most (n=22) targeted hypertension or diabetes mellitus. A number of personal and cultural based factors were identified as being associated with adherence to medication regimes - 40% of articles (n=10) examined perception of illness, 20% (n=5) health literacy, 16% (n=4) cultural beliefs, 12% (n=3) self-efficacy, 16% (n=4) spiritual and religious beliefs, as well as 20% (n=5) illness knowledge. Statistically significant associations between medication adherence and these personal and cultural factors were found in 80% (n=20) of the included studies. However, the direction of associations varied between studies depending on the factor that was examined. CONCLUSION This review has evaluated the impact of personal and cultural factors on medication adherence and highlighted the gaps in literature regarding adherence. Further research is required to fully identify the associations between religious beliefs, control beliefs and illness knowledge and medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Shahin
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
| | - Ieva Stupans
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria3083, Australia
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Abstract
Stimulation of esophageal nerves produces biphasic relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and an off response of circular esophageal muscle. Previously, we proposed that cGMP mediates nerve-induced hyperpolarization of circular LES muscle but not LES relaxation. These experiments explore whether cGMP mediates LES relaxation or the off response. Strips of muscle from the opossum esophagus and LES were connected to force-displacement transducers, placed in tissue baths containing oxygenated Krebs solution at 37 degrees C, and stimulated by an electrical field. 1H-[1,2, 4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase, antagonized the off response, shortened its latency, and blocked the first phase of LES relaxation. ODQ also antagonized LES relaxation by exogenous nitric oxide (NO) but not relaxations by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Part of the nerve-induced LES relaxation and the off response appear to be mediated by the second messenger cGMP. These studies indicate that VIP-induced LES relaxation is not mediated by cGMP and therefore do not support the hypothesis that VIP produces LES relaxation by causing the generation of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer is an increasingly common problem with poor survival rates in patients who present with symptoms. The underlying cause for the progressive rise in the incidence of this cancer remains to be determined. Reducing mortality to requires either early identification of patients or prevention for progression from Barrett's esophagus to cancer. Significant questions remain regarding the cost effectiveness of endoscopic and nonendoscopic methods of surveillance. For local esophageal cancer, the traditional approach has been surgical resection. Radiation therapy is sometimes used alone, but chemotherapy alone is not helpful. Combination therapy consisting of chemotherapy along with surgery or radiation may be the best choice. A new option being tried in disease limited to the mucosa is ablation of neoplastic tissue with endoscopic techniques. Treatment of advanced-stage esophageal cancer is limited and may be hampered by the presence of micrometastatic disease. Morbidity and quality-of-life issues need to be considered and discussed with patients, given the current short survival time of most patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shahin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Shahin W, Chaimoff C, Dintsman M. Extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1974:151-3. [PMID: 4525654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wolloch Y, Zer M, Shahin W, Dintsman M. [Gastric polyps]. Harefuah 1973; 84:124-6. [PMID: 4703172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wanderman KL, Shahin W, Levy MJ. Persistent common atrioventricular canal: results following operation. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1972; 13:548-53. [PMID: 4649869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shahin W, Eshkol D, Reisner S, Levy MJ. [Spontaneous pneumothorax in the premature infant]. Harefuah 1971; 81:369-70. [PMID: 5163681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gueron M, Hirsh M, Shahin W, Levy MJ. The surgical treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm due to idiopathic cystic medial necrosis in a six year-old child. Calif Med 1969; 56:152-5. [PMID: 4240493 DOI: 10.1378/chest.56.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jortner R, Shahin W, Eshkol D, Gueron M, Levy MJ. Surgery for Marfan's syndrome. Isr J Med Sci 1969; 5:871-5. [PMID: 5820538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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