Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neuroimaging and neurobehavior in neonates

BACKGROUND

We collected neonatal neurological, clinical, and imaging data to study the neurological manifestations and imaging characteristics of neonates with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS

This case-control study included newborns diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China from January 2020 to July 2020. All included newborns had complete neurological evaluations and head magnetic resonance imaging. We normalized the extracted T2-weighted imaging data to a standard neonate template space, and segmented them into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. The comparison of gray matter volume was conducted between the two groups.

RESULTS

A total of five neonates with COVID-19 were included in this study. The median reflex scores were 2 points lower in the infected group than in the control group (P = 0.0094), and the median orientation and behavior scores were 2.5 points lower in the infected group than in the control group (P = 0.0008). There were also significant differences between the two groups in the total scale score (P = 0.0426). The caudate nucleus, parahippocampal gyrus, and thalamus had the strongest correlations with the Hammersmith neonatal neurologic examination (HNNE) score, and the absolute correlation coefficients between the gray matter volumes and each part of the HNNE score were all almost greater than 0.5.

CONCLUSIONS

We first compared the neurological performance of neonates with and without COVID-19 by quantitative neuroimaging and neurological examination methods. Considering the limited numbers of patients, more studies focusing on the structural or functional aspects of the virus in the central nervous system in different age groups will be carried out in the future.

In Situ Measurement of Vacuum Window Birefringence using 25Mg+ Fluorescence

Accurate control of the polarization states of laser light is important in precision measurement experiments. In experiments involving the use of a vacuum environment, the stress-induced birefringence effect of the vacuum windows will affect the polarization states of laser light inside the vacuum system, and it is very difficult to measure and optimize the polarization states of the laser light in situ. The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate how to optimize the polarization states of the laser light based on the fluorescence of ions in the vacuum system, and how to calculate the birefringence of vacuum windows based on azimuthal angles of external wave plates with Mueller matrix. The fluorescence of ²⁵Mg⁺ ions induced by laser light that is resonant with the transition of |3²P3/2,F = 4, mF = 4 → |3²S1/2,F = 3, mF = 3 is sensitive to the polarization state of the laser light, and maximum fluorescence will be observed with pure circularly polarized light. A combination of half-wave plate (HWP) and quarter-wave plate (QWP) can achieve arbitrary phase retardation and is used for compensating the birefringence of the vacuum window. In this experiment, the polarization state of the laser light is optimized based on the fluorescence of ²⁵Mg⁺ ion with a pair of HWP and QWP outside the vacuum chamber. By adjusting the azimuthal angles of the HWP and QWP to obtain maximum ion fluorescence, one can obtain a pure circularly polarized light inside the vacuum chamber. With the information on the azimuthal angles of the external HWP and QWP, the birefringence of the vacuum window can be determined.

A simple method for in situ measurement of vacuum window birefringence

We present a simple method to measure the degrees of circular polarization (DoCP) of laser light inside a vacuum chamber and the birefringence of a vacuum window by detecting the fluorescence emitted by Doppler cooled ions in an ion trap. Imperfect laser polarization will cause ions to be pumped to the dark state which will decrease the fluorescence rates of the ions. With a simulation based on the rate equations of the relevant energy levels of ²⁵Mg⁺ ions, we find that the fluorescence rate is sensitive to the DoCP of the laser. Based on the simulation result, we present a new method to optimize the DoCP of the laser inside the vacuum chamber by adjusting fast axis azimuthal angles of a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate outside the vacuum chamber. The laser light is optimized to be circularly polarized with an uncertainty of the DoCP of 7.8 × 10^-5. With the obtained polarization information on both sides of the vacuum window and treating the vacuum window as an unknown wave plate, the phase delay and the fast axis azimuthal angle of the vacuum window can be determined in the form of Mueller matrix. The phase delay is determined to be 197.60(39)°, and the fast axis azimuthal angle is determined to be 104.00(5)°.

[Value of arterial blood lactic acid in the evaluation of disease severity and prognosis in neonatal shock]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the value of blood lactic acid (BLA) as a predictor for the severity and prognosis of neonatal shock.

METHODS

A total of 326 neonates with shock were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the severity, namely mild group (n=147), moderate group (n=105), and severe group (n=74). BLA level was measured during and early after (about 6 hours later) fluid resuscitation, and lactate clearance rate (LCR) was calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the predictive value of BLA in neonatal shock.

RESULTS

BLA level was high in all subjects prior to treatment, and was highest in the severe group and lowest in the mild group (P<0.01). BLA level was significantly higher among patients with septic shock than among those with hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and asphyxiating shock (P<0.05). BLA level was significantly reduced in patients in recovery after treatment (P<0.05). Mortality was significantly lower in patients with BLA level ≤4 mmol/L or LCR ≥10% than in those with BLA level >4 mmol/L or LCR <10% (P<0.01). BLA at 11.15 mmol/L had 100% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity in predicting severe shock. BLA at 10.65 mmol/L had 88.9% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity in predicting the prognosis (survival or dead) of newborns with shock.

CONCLUSIONS

In neonates with shock, arterial BLA level increases as the disease severity increases and is associated with prognosis, so it is a useful predictor of the severity and prognosis of neonatal shock.

A modified model of helical resonator with predictable loaded resonant frequency and Q-factor

High voltage radio frequency (RF) supply is a critical part in an ion trapping system. The RF supply should have high Q-factor and relatively high driving frequency. A frequently used RF supply for an ion trap system is a helical resonator. In certain applications, it is advantageous to have a predictable resonant frequency and Q-factor when the helical resonator is connected to a capacitive load. We develop a model to describe the behavior of a helical resonator with capacitive load. With this model, we can correctly predict the loaded resonant frequency and the loaded Q-factor. To test our prediction, we construct a helical resonator, and measure its resonant frequencies and Q-factors under different capacitive loads. The experimental results agree with our prediction.

A long-term frequency stabilized deep ultraviolet laser for Mg+ ions trapping experiments

As many precision laser spectroscopy experiments require frequency stabilized lasers, development of long-term stabilized lasers is of great interest. In this work, we report long-term frequency stabilization of a 280 nm deep ultraviolet laser to a high precision wavemeter with digital servo control such that the long-term drift of the laser frequency was greatly reduced. Long-term laser frequency drift was measured with a fiber frequency comb system over 8 h. After locking, the maximum drift rate of the 280 nm laser was lowered from 576 MHz/h to 6.4 MHz/h. With proper environment control of the wavemeter, the maximum drift rate of the 280 nm laser was further lowered to less than 480 kHz/h. The locked laser system was successfully used in a Mg(+) ions trapping experiment, which was also discussed in this work.

Preventive vertebroplasty for adjacent vertebral bodies: a good solution to reduce adjacent vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Adjacent VCF frequently occurs after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Our aim was to evaluate PrVP in the prevention of PVNO-adjacent VCF.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Radiographs of 68 patients who initially presented with a single-level unhealed fracture and underwent vertebroplasty were retrospectively reviewed for the occurrence of PVNO fracture. Patients in the nonpreventive group (n = 33) underwent TVP only for a vertebra with an unhealed fracture. The preventive group (n = 35) underwent PrVP combined with TVP. We injected bone cement into the caudal part of the superior adjacent vertebra and the cephalic part of the inferior adjacent vertebra to perform PrVP.

RESULTS

The incidences of PVNO fracture in adjacent vertebra next to a vertebra cemented at the patient's first vertebroplasty (within 6 months: 24% versus 3%, P = .012; within 1 year: 30% versus 3%, P = .006; >4 years: 39% versus 3%, P = .006) markedly decreased in the preventive group compared with the nonpreventive group. PVNO fracture was found in 26% of vertebrae adjacent to the first TVP level in the nonpreventive group and in 2% of vertebrae adjacent to a PrVP level in the preventive group after inclusion of all PrVP procedures. Approximately 33% of patients in the nonpreventive group underwent repeat vertebroplasty, mainly due to adjacent fractures. Only 3% of patients in the preventive group underwent repeated procedures. None of the vertebrae cemented for PrVP or TVP developed PVNO refracture.

CONCLUSIONS

Preventive vertebroplasty for the adjacent vertebra combined with TVP for the fractured vertebra is effective in the prevention of propagation of PVNO adjacent fractures, thus reducing the necessity of multiple repeat vertebroplasty procedures.

[Substances transport in an underground river of typical karst watershed during storm events]

Hydrologic process, turbidity, suspended particles matters (SPM), major cations and TOC concentrations during two storm events in late April 2008 were monitored at Jiangjia Spring which is the outlet of Qingmu Guan underground river system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of SPM were also performed in order to investigate the transport characteristics of substances, such as SPM, turbidity and major cations in the underground river of typical karst watershed. The results show that at a single and well-developed karst conduit of Jiangjia Spring, discharge, turbidity, and concentrations of SPM, major cations and TOC respond promptly to the rainfall. The carbonate-derived cations including Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ are subject to dilution effect during the rising limb of discharge. The elevation in turbidity and SPM concentration is a result of the gradual increase of allochthonous substances (soil) flux input from the surface. Al3+, Fe, Mn, Ba2+ and TOC are concomitant substances of SPM. And their concentrations are ascending with turbid rise. The flux of SPM in diameter > 0.45 microm in the underground river is about 9.7 tons during the events. The bad water quality suggests us that the spring water is unfit to drink without purification during the period of rising and recession time of discharge at Jiangjia Spring. Thus, soil erosion and nutrient losing not only strongly destroy the fragile karst ecological environment, but also lead to non-point source pollution, and seriously threaten the drinking water safety of locals.

Evaluation of Free Flaps Transferred by Microvascular Anastomosis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

The authors discuss indications for the use of microvascular free flaps transferred to the oral and maxillofacial region. A series of 139 cases, involving 145 free flaps, is reported over a three year period. The overall success rate for all types of flaps was 89.3%. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of various flaps are presented and suggestions are offered to avoid complications.

[A primary study on the relationship between condyle position and anterior distraction for cross bite caused by cleft lip and palate]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the changes of the position of the mandibular condyle in cleft lip and palate patients with secondary bony cross-bite deformity after early orthodontic treatment with extraoral bow and facial mask.

METHODS

The TMJ topograph 6 months before and after treatment was investigated in 8 patients. The width of the anterior,superior and posterior space of the TMJ was compared prior to and post treatment.

RESULTS

The results showed that there was no significant difference in the width of the three spaces of the TMJ before and after treatment.

CONCLUSION

The position of the mandibular condyle had no significant change after maxillary anterior distraction with extraoral bow and facial mask.

[Primary study on speech training of palatalized misarticulation]

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, differences in 10 palatalized misarticulation patients between pre-and post-speech training were reported to discuss the training methods of palatalized misarticulation.

METHODS

10 palatalized misarticulation patients (6 male, 4 female) with the age of 4-14 years were included in the study. All the patients had undergone systematic speech therapy,and their speech intelligibilities were analyzed.

RESULTS

All patients' speech intelligibilities after training were significantly higher than those before training. /s/, /z/, /c/, /d/, /t/, /zh/, /ch/, /sh/, /j/, /q/ and /x/ were often involved.

CONCLUSION

Palatalized misarticulation was caused by abnormal palato-lingual contact which leads to decreasement of speech intelligibility. Speech training is the only method to correct the wrong articulation position and articulation method. The key of training methods for palatalized misarticulation is to plane the dorsum and release the tongue's retroflex.

[Assessment of velopharyngeal function in normal speech by CT]

OBJECTIVE

To find an objective method to assess velopharyngeal function by CT.

METHODS

Three dimensional conformation of the velopharyngeal orifice of 30 subjects with normal speech at rest and /i:/ position were observed and analyzed. The linear distance and area of velopharyngeal orifice were measured and analyzed statistically.

RESULTS

The average minimal area of velopharyngeal orifice at/i:/ position was 11.92+/-11.73 mm(2). The physical RVPI was 4.03+/-4.03%. Coronary closure was the most common type of velopharyngeal contraction which accounted for 50%, semi-ring type being 30%, and ring type being 20%. No sagittal closure were seen in this study. There were 70% subjects whose position of velopharyngeal closure was at the level of the first cervical vertebra, 26.7% above the level and 3.3% below it. The arrange of velopharyngeal closure was 9-12 mm in 83.4% subjects, and 3-6mm in 16.6%.

CONCLUSION

As a method of assessing velopharyngeal function, CT can not only observe the conformation of velopharyngeal orifice in three dimensions, but also quantitatively analyze the velopharyngeal function.

Image evaluation of suprazygomatic masticator space lesions

In order to understand lesions involving the suprazygomatic masticator space (SZMS) demonstrated on computered tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images, we collected 45 cases of lesions in SZMS. There were hematomas in 26 cases, tumors in 16 cases, and abscesses in 3 cases. The location of these lesions in compartments of the SZMS and adjacent structures was analyzed. Most commonly hematoma was found in the deep loose connective tissue (80.8%), followed by the superficial dense connective tissue (61.5%). Only 2 SZMS hematoma involved the superficial fat pad. Five patients had air accumulation in the SZMS, and all were in the deep fat pad and with maxillary sinus fracture. Of the sixteen cases which were tumors, 12 were extended from adjacent structures, and four were primary tumor. In cases of tumor, compartments of SZMS involved most frequently were temporal muscles (15 of 16 cases), followed by deep fat pad (8 of 16 cases). The connective tissue layer of SZMS is a communication pathway for superficial spread of infection, hematoma, or tumor invasion to or from the scalp and face. Compartments of deep fat pad and temporal muscle are also pathways for the spread of disease to or from the face, intracranium and orbit. The primary tumors in infratemporal fossa and SZMS are rare. Malignant tumors in SZMS usually come from surrounding spaces.

[Early face mask treatment for maxillary hyperplasia in patients with cleft lip and Palate]

OBJECTIVE: Early interfering orthodontics were used to treat maxillary hyperplasia by face mask and extra-oral bow technique in teenages.The position changes of maxilla after orthodontic treatment were evaluated.METHODS:The cephlometric variables before and after treatment were measured.Variables after treatment were compared with normal values in children with same ages,and changes of the maxillary position was determind.RESULTS:The position of the maxilla after orthopedics was significantly advanced (P<0.001),but there was still difference from normal values.CONCLUSION:In the peroid of mixed dentition of patients with cleft lip and palate,early orthodontics on maxillary hyperplasia could stimulate maxillary development and growth,remove or improve crossbite,extra-oral bow and face mask were efficient tools for this kind of patients.

[The normal people's parameters of the velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI) by cephalometric analysis]

OBJECTIVE:To estimate velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI)in patients with cleft lip and palate,we seek for the normal people's parameters of VPI. METHODS:Studying on 222 normal people with VPI by cephalometric analysis,the parameters of the normal people have been set up.RESULTS: There was remarkable correlationship between the rate of velopharyngeal sagital restriction by cephalometric analysis and the rate of VPI by nasopharyngeal endoscope.CONCLUSION:Cephalometric analysis is useful to estimate the function of velopharyngeal closure and mobility of the soft palate.

[Presurgical infant orthopedics in complete bilateral cleft lip and palate reconstruction]

OBJECTIVE:This study want to effects on using intraoral-appliance treatment of complete bilateral left lip and Palate in clinic.METHODS:Using Lisson's method preliminary evaluated to effect of presurgical infant orthopedics complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.A sample of 4 cases of 18 weeks infant complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.2 of they are males, others are females.All of they had received presurgical infant orthopedics,Using intraoral appliance. comparison of before and after cast analysis.Evaluate anteiro posteior I, tranverse,oblique degree of the lateral segment, pretrusion premaxilla position change.RESULTS:Every patients after orthopedics treatment had retracted premaxilla come back,corrected of oblique of premaxilla,had lateral segments growth equally on both side,their inclination should be similar.CONCLUSION:Intraoral-appliance can successfully improved malarrangement maxilla of bilateral cleft lip and palate.

[Observation of the biodegradation of domestic poly-DL-lactic acid plates in vivo]

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the degradation and related factors of domestic poly-DL-lactic acid(PDLLA) plates in vivo. METHODS: The artifical transverse fractures in mandibular bodies of dogs were created and internal fixed with domestic PDLLA plates as experimental group,the implanted PDLLA plates in femurs as control.A certain time after the operation,the plates in fractured and implanted regions were collected and undertaken macroscopy and scanning electromicroscopy(SEM),meanwhile the fracture-healing status was evaluated. RESULTS: With time going on,the surface of domestic PDLLA plates y and density of micro-holes among poly-DL-lactic acid molecules in the PDLLA plates increased gradually.16-20 weeks Domestic PDLLA plates can be gradually biodegradation in vivo,in which it is correspondent with and accelerative the fracture-healing process.

[Observation in vivo histological response induced by imlplanted domestic poly-DL-lactic acid plates]

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the histological response and biocompatibility to implanted domestic PDLLA plates in vivo METHODS:Bilateral artificial fractures were created in mandibular bodies in dog and internal fixed with domestic PDLLA plate,TM plate respectively;meanwhile,a domestic PDLLA plate was imlplanted in femur.The interfacial soft tissue around the plates were collected and performed histological study RESULTS:All the skin wound healed well without abscess and fistula formation. From 2 to 4 weeks after the operation,the inflmmatory granulomatous response around the intenal fixation PDLLA plates was more serious than that of the control,in which more macrophages,plasmocytes and less lymphocytes,mononuclear cells infiltrated CONCLUSION:Domestic PDLLA plate is an inert internal fixation material with good biocompatibility, which induced a non-speciflc foreign reaction

[A comparison of the effects of 180kv X-ray radiation and cobalt-60 radiation on the jaws of the guinea pigs]

OBJECTIVE: Study of the effects of 180kv x-ray and cobalt-60 radiation on jaws and enhance the understanding of pathology of osteroradionecrosis of jaws(ORNJ).METHODS: 128 guinea pigs were grouped according to different irradiation sources and doses.Fractioned radiation from both sources was delivered in right mandible.The teeth extractions were conducted one week prior to radiation and 1,3,5 months after radiation respectively.Following radiation,the guinea pigs were examined by gross observation, x-ray film and histopathological examination at regular interval. RESULTS: Bone resorption occured within 1 month after irradiation as result of osteoblast inhibition and osteoclast activation.From 2 to 4 month afterwards,the number of osteocytes reduced and pyknosis, empty lacunae as well as obliteration of small vessels in periodontal membrane were commonly seen.The teeth extractions conducted at 3 months,5 months after radiation lead to ORNJ in 7 amimals (14.6%).CONCLUSION: 180kv x-ray radiation was far more damaging to jaws than cobalt-60 radiation.The dental extraction is an important factor inducint the development of ORNJ.

Experimental study of radiation effect on the mandibular microvasculature of the guinea pig

OBJECTIVE

This experimental study was performed to explore the intraosseous microvascular alterations in the irradiated mandible and to increase understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis.

METHODS

One hundred twenty-eight guinea pigs were grouped according to different radiation sources and dosages. Fractioned radiation was delivered to the right mandibles. Dental extractions were conducted at 1, 3, and 5 months respectively, after radiation. One month later, the animals were examined by means of gross observation, histopathology, and microvascular corrosion castings.

RESULTS

Histologic evaluation showed bone absorption within 2 months following radiation. Four months later, the number of osteocytes decreased and pyknosis and empty lacunae were commonly seen. The casting specimens revealed under scanning electron microscopy that capillary disconnection and obliteration with subsequent vein shrinkage aggravated over time. In the nonhealing dental extraction site, a large-scale vascular network defect presented with focal capillary proliferation around.

CONCLUSIONS

The capillary is the part most vulnerable to the damage caused by radiation in the vascular system of the mandible. On the basis of "hypovascular, hypoxic, hypocellular" structure, local microcirculation failure induced by the trauma-repairing process leads to occurrence of osteoradionecrosis of jaws.

[Cephalometric analysis of maxillary development in adult unoperated cleft palate patients]

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of maxillary development in adult unoperated cleft palate patients.METHODS:Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 37 case of adult unoperated cleft palate (UCP) patients were analyzed with computerized aided image system, 20 normal adults were as a control group.RESULTS: Showed that maxillary anteroposterior distance of UCP group is shorter than normal control group (P<0.05) and there is no significant difference on superoinferior distance of jaw between the UCY group and normal control group (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The cleft palate intrinsic deformities can interfere maxillarv normal development.

[Evaluation of speech aid's function with air flow pressure techniques]

OBJECTIVE:To evaluated of speech aid's function with air flow pressure techniques. METHODS: The study group contained 12 patients with cleft palate,submucous cleft palate and congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency who had been found to have VPI(velopharyngeal insufficiciency) and hypernasal speech and were scheduled for speech aid. RESULTS: It was confirmed that study was to assess the relationship between oral-nasal resonance with and without the speech aid. CONCLUSION: The speech aid be able to improve the velopharyngeal function in some VPI patients,also it is useful clinical results for the speech therapiist.

[A study on speech training methods for patients following cleft palate repair]

OBJECTIVE:This study is to improve speech articulations of patients following cleft palate repair. METHODS: 20 cases were treated with systemic speech trainning. The methods included testing speech articulations of pre-and post-training blowing and systemic speech training whose program was consonant (first step), syllable (second), word (third), sentence (forth), and (fifth). RESULTS: It is showed that their articulations improved from 48.1% to 97.1% on average,and,the improvement in speech was highly significant statistically(P<0.0001).The younger the patient was,the shorter the training circle was. CONCLUSION: Speech training can correct habit of compensatory pathologic articulation and improve articluation of patient following cleft palate repair.

[The advanced studies on surgical treatment about the patients of TMJ ankylosis and OSAS]

OBJECTIVE: Through the treatment on the 10 patients suffered TMJ ankylosis and OSAS,by means of the TMJ reconstruction combining orthognathic surgery,it is demonstrated that the treatment on the patients must include relieve the TMJ anklosis,correct the maxillofacial deformitis and specially enlarge upper airway space.

[The pre-postoperative polysomnographic evaluation on the patients of TMJ ankylosis with OSAS]

Passing by the comparative studies on the polysomnogram of the patients of TMJ ankylosis with OSAS pre-and-postoperation,the result showed the patients' AI (Apnea Index;AI) has been decreasing,SaO(2) during sleep get to rise,and the method combining TMJ reconstruction and orthognathic surgery is effective to the patients.

[Cephalometric analysis in the patients of TMJ ankylosis with OSAS: Skeletal morphology]

By cephalometric analysis of 18 normal men and 12 men who got TMJ ankylosis with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS),the authors reported that there were cephalometric characteristics in the patients:the craniomaxillofacial bones displacement posteriorly and superiorly,and demonstrated that it is key to advance the patients' jaws and enlarge the upper airway space.

[Cephalometric analysis in the patients of TMJ ankylosis with OSAS: Soft tissue morphology]

By cephalometric analysis of 18 normal men and 12 men who got TMJ ankylosis with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS),the authors reported that there were cephalometric characteristics in the patients:the posterior airway space(PAS) decreased(P<0.001),and the rate of (TA+SPA)/OPA remarkably increased(P<0.001),so the two parameters are significant for the diagnosis and treatment of the patients.

[The pre-and-postoperative cephalometric evaluation on the patients of TMJ ankylosis with OSAS]

After taken the comparative studies on the cephalometric analysis of the patients of TMJ ankyolsis with OSAS pre-and-post operation,the authors demonstrated the method combining TMJ reconstruction and orthognathic surgery is responsible to the patients.

[Quantitative study of velopharyngeal function post-palatoplasty]

The computer of nasopharyngeal fiberscope(NPF) for quantitative analysis was carried out to assess the palate articulation of 43 subjects,and normal articulation of 60 subjects.The rest,/a/,/s/and /m/ articulation of NPF pictures were calculated for veloparyngreal function via computer.

[Establishment and clinical application of Chinese language clear degree]

This study was established the Chinese language of clear degree.The subjects of this study consisted of 50 patients with postoperative of cleft lip and palate,congenital velopharyngeal incompetence,and 30 control group were normal articulation of persons.The results of this study may be helpful for further clinic of the cleft lip and palate patients of speech therapeutics.

[The treatment of unilateral true ankylosis of TMJ with maxillomandibular deformities]

The authors described a surgical procedure for the treatment of unilateral true ankylosis of TMJ with maxillomandibular deformities.The surgery included arthroplasty and Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in one or two stages.It successfully not only restore the stomatognathic function with a maximum mouth opening in normal range,but also corrected malpositioned maxilla and mandible normal anatomic position.Postoperative orthodontic anatomic position.Postoperative orthodontic treatment was also performed for the improvement of masticatory function.The indications of the surgical procedure,and intraoperative precautions are discussed.

[Reconstruction of post-traumatic maxillofacial deformity: Analysis of 100 cases]

This paper collects 100 cases with post-traumatic maxillofacial deformity.The types of deformity may be involved by order to concave appearance restricted opening of jaw,disturbance of occlusion,mimetic paralysis,scar,etc.The author advocate the treatment must be paid attention both appearance and function.Recently,we have used the vascularized flap,coronary incision,orthognathic surgery and rigid internal fixation in these cases,and have gotten better result than past.This paper emphasizes that we should pay attention to emergency treatment to reduce the occur of post-traumatic deformity.

[One-stage surgical procedure of adult cleft palate with dentofacial deformity]

2 cases with primary adult cleft palate combining severe dentofacial deformities were undergone one-stage procedure of modified Le Fort I segmental osteotomy and Furlow's double reserving Z plasty,and with with satisfactory clinical effectiveness.Follow-up results show that the one-stage procedure is not only reducing treatment time and period,but also correcting velopharyngeal function.

[Orthognathic surgery of dentofacial deformities post surgerical repairing of cleft palate and lip.]

10 cases with maxillary development limited post surgical repairing of cleft palate and lip were undergone modified Le Fort I segmental osteotomy,that is,put the maxilla forward without velopharyngeal function change and oro-nasal fistula.By Computer Aided Simulation System for orthognathic surgery(CASSOS),analysis of dental pulp,evaluation of velopharyngeal function,compacting profile pre-to-post operation, authors described that surgical procedure has the satisfactory effectiveness.

[Evaluation of velopharyngeal function after later surgical repair of cleft palate. ]

This study detected 60 cases of patients of later surgical cleft palate repairing with different operative procedures,based on nasopharyngeal fiberscope and image processing detective system of nasopharyngeal function.They were divided into two groups,30 cases with Furlow's double reversing Z plasty,and others with traditional palatoplasty.The results were as follows:the type of velopharyngeal closure with later palatoplasty mainly were circus,semi-circus,and the rate of operative success only was 46.6%,which was lower than other reports.Author described that compensation of lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall made the type of velopharyngeal closure.The elder the age,the more the compensation is.For the late cleft palate repair,although the variable surgical procedure made a condition for speech improvement, patients with later cleft palate repair still can't improve their phonation.

[The study of assessing methods for velopharyngeal function in patients with operated cleft palate]

This paper describes the study and quantitative analysis of velopharyngeal function in 103 patients with operated cleft palate using NPF,vedio-camera system and computer.The percentange of semi-circluar and circular closure patterns after surgery was distinct higher in VPI group than in VPC group,but coronary closure pattern was significant lower in VPI group than in VPC group(P<0.05).We compared the results of different operative age by VPI after surgery.The results showed that postoperative RVPI was in direct proportion to operated age.VPI in the group less than 3 years of age.VPI in the group less than 3 years of age was 28.57%,but in the group of over 7 years of age was 96.43%.Both showed significant difference(P<0.01).

[Reconstruction of large performated maxillofacial defect with immediated revascularized flap]

Patients with large perforated maxillofacial defects resulting from combined craniomaxillofacial resection or extended extra cranio-maxillofacial resection due to malignances in this region had been reconstructed with large revascularized myocutaneous flap or combined pedicled myocutaneous flap with revascularized flap.Since January,1981,a total of 29 flaps was used,of which 28 flaps survived successfuly,whereas one free forearm flap being failed to survive due to venous embolization was replaced with pedicled forehead flap.The results in postoperative appearance and rehabilitation of physiological function were relatively satisfactory.Finally,selection of flap and method of reconstruction were introduced and experiences on immediate reconstruction after malignance resection reported.

[Quantitatively study of voice onset time-Glottal stop]

To quantitatively evaluate the acoustic characteristics of glottal stop, pronunciation of/ka/in 10 normal subjects and 14 patients with cleft palates were analyzed by sound spectrography and 20 msec in all normal articulation of /ka/ with an average time of 44.6 msec.In the test group of /ka/ demonstrated an average time of 20.8 msec.The inverse correlation ship between VOT and the psyco-acoustical judgment for the degree of distortion was demonstrated to be significant.

[A comparative study of velopharyngeal function after palatoplasty with different age group]

That the most suitable age of palatoplasty is still an argumentative question.The final purpose of palatoplasty is to obtain the satisfactory effectiveness is to obtain the satisfactory effectiveness of phonetic distinctness.So,early palatoplasty is suported by more more experts and patient's parents.This study detected 60 cases velopharyngeal function after traditional palatoplasty with two flaps,adopting nasopharyngeal fiberscope and detective system of image processing and quantitative analysis of velopharyngeal function,for long term evaluation of traditional palatoplasty with different operative success iin early palatoplasty group (less than 3 years old) was 80.0% while that in later palatoplasty group (more than 6 years old) was 53.3%.From other aspects of types of velopharyngeal competence,mobility of soft palate and rate of velopharyngeal coronary contraction,the author described advantages of early palatoplasty.