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Istrate R, Tulus V, Grass RN, Vanbever L, Stark WJ, Guillén-Gosálbez G. The environmental sustainability of digital content consumption. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3724. [PMID: 38697974 PMCID: PMC11066053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet access has reached 60% of the global population, with the average user spending over 40% of their waking life on the Internet, yet the environmental implications remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the environmental impacts of digital content consumption in relation to the Earth's carrying capacity, finding that currently the global average consumption of web surfing, social media, video and music streaming, and video conferencing could account for approximately 40% of the per capita carbon budget consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, as well as around 55% of the per capita carrying capacity for mineral and metal resources use and over 10% for five other impact categories. Decarbonising electricity would substantially mitigate the climate impacts linked to Internet consumption, while the use of mineral and metal resources would remain of concern. A synergistic combination of rapid decarbonisation and additional measures aimed at reducing the use of fresh raw materials in electronic devices (e.g., lifetime extension) is paramount to prevent the growing Internet demand from exacerbating the pressure on the finite Earth's carrying capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Istrate
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Tulus
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Vanbever
- Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Pinheiro Araújo T, Giannakakis G, Morales-Vidal J, Agrachev M, Ruiz-Bernal Z, Preikschas P, Zou T, Krumeich F, Willi PO, Stark WJ, Grass RN, Jeschke G, Mitchell S, López N, Pérez-Ramírez J. Low-nuclearity CuZn ensembles on ZnZrO x catalyze methanol synthesis from CO 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3101. [PMID: 38600146 PMCID: PMC11006684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal promotion could unlock high performance in zinc-zirconium catalysts, ZnZrOx, for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Still, with most efforts devoted to costly palladium, the optimal metal choice and necessary atomic-level architecture remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the promotion of ZnZrOx catalysts with small amounts (0.5 mol%) of diverse hydrogenation metals (Re, Co, Au, Ni, Rh, Ag, Ir, Ru, Pt, Pd, and Cu) prepared via a standardized flame spray pyrolysis approach. Cu emerges as the most effective promoter, doubling methanol productivity. Operando X-ray absorption, infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory simulations reveal that Cu0 species form Zn-rich low-nuclearity CuZn clusters on the ZrO2 surface during reaction, which correlates with the generation of oxygen vacancies in their vicinity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that this catalytic ensemble promotes the rapid hydrogenation of intermediate formate into methanol while effectively suppressing CO production, showcasing the potential of low-nuclearity metal ensembles in CO2-based methanol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaylan Pinheiro Araújo
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Giannakakis
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Morales-Vidal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mikhail Agrachev
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zaira Ruiz-Bernal
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Materials Institute (IUMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Phil Preikschas
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tangsheng Zou
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik O Willi
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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3
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Luescher AM, Gimpel AL, Stark WJ, Heckel R, Grass RN. Chemical unclonable functions based on operable random DNA pools. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2955. [PMID: 38580696 PMCID: PMC10997750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) based on unique tokens generated by random manufacturing processes have been proposed as an alternative to mathematical one-way algorithms. However, these tokens are not distributable, which is a disadvantage for decentralized applications. Finding unclonable, yet distributable functions would help bridge this gap and expand the applications of object-bound cryptography. Here we show that large random DNA pools with a segmented structure of alternating constant and randomly generated portions are able to calculate distinct outputs from millions of inputs in a specific and reproducible manner, in analogy to physical unclonable functions. Our experimental data with pools comprising up to >1010 unique sequences and encompassing >750 comparisons of resulting outputs demonstrate that the proposed chemical unclonable function (CUF) system is robust, distributable, and scalable. Based on this proof of concept, CUF-based anti-counterfeiting systems, non-fungible objects and decentralized multi-user authentication are conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Luescher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas L Gimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- Department of Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert N Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Näf L, Miescher I, Pfuderer L, Schweizer TA, Brunner D, Dürig J, Gröninger O, Rieber J, Meier-Buergisser G, Spanaus K, Calcagni M, Bosshard PP, Achermann Y, Stark WJ, Buschmann J. Pro-angiogenic and antibacterial copper containing nanoparticles in PLGA/amorphous calcium phosphate bone nanocomposites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27267. [PMID: 38486752 PMCID: PMC10937708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects after trauma demand for adequate bone substitutes. Bone void fillers should be antibacterial and pro-angiogenic. One viable option is the use of composite materials like the combination of PLGA and amorphous calcium phosphate (aCaP). Copper stimulates angiogenesis and has antibacterial qualities. Either copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were therefore added to PLGA/aCaP/CuO in different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 w/w %) or copper-doped tricalcium phosphate NPs (TCP with 2% of copper) were electrospun into PLGA/CuTCP nanocomposites. Bi-layered nanocomposites of PLGA/aCaP with different copper NPs (CuO or TCP) and a second layer of pristine PLGA were fabricated. Two clinical bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were used to assess antibacterial properties of the copper-containing materials. For angiogenesis, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay of the chicken embryo was performed. The higher the CuO content, the higher were the antibacterial properties, with 10 % CuO reducing bacterial adhesion most effectively. Vessel and cell densities were highest in the 5 % CuO containing scaffolds, while tissue integration was more pronounced at lower CuO content. The PLGA/aCaP/CuO (1 % CuO) behaved similar like PLGA/CuTCP in all angiogenic and antibacterial readouts, based on the same copper fraction. We conclude that CuO NPs or CuTCP NPs are useful components to increase angiogenic properties of nanocomposites and at the same time exhibiting antibacterial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Näf
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iris Miescher
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Pfuderer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano A. Schweizer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Brunner
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Dürig
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gröninger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Rieber
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Meier-Buergisser
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp P. Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Achermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Gimpel AL, Stark WJ, Heckel R, Grass RN. A digital twin for DNA data storage based on comprehensive quantification of errors and biases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6026. [PMID: 37758710 PMCID: PMC10533828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Archiving data in synthetic DNA offers unprecedented storage density and longevity. Handling and storage introduce errors and biases into DNA-based storage systems, necessitating the use of Error Correction Coding (ECC) which comes at the cost of added redundancy. However, insufficient data on these errors and biases, as well as a lack of modeling tools, limit data-driven ECC development and experimental design. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterisation of the error sources and biases present in the most common DNA data storage workflows, including commercial DNA synthesis, PCR, decay by accelerated aging, and sequencing-by-synthesis. Using the data from 40 sequencing experiments, we build a digital twin of the DNA data storage process, capable of simulating state-of-the-art workflows and reproducing their experimental results. We showcase the digital twin's ability to replace experiments and rationalize the design of redundancy in two case studies, highlighting opportunities for tangible cost savings and data-driven ECC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Gimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- Department of Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcistrasse 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert N Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Bechtold P, Wagner P, Hosch S, Gregorini M, Stark WJ, Gody JC, Kodia-Lenguetama ER, Pagonendji MS, Donfack OT, Phiri WP, García GA, Nsanzanbana C, Daubenberger CA, Schindler T, Vickos U. Development and evaluation of PlasmoPod: A cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test for rapid malaria diagnosis and surveillance. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001516. [PMID: 37756280 PMCID: PMC10529553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Malaria surveillance is hampered by the widespread use of diagnostic tests with low sensitivity. Adequate molecular malaria diagnostics are often only available in centralized laboratories. PlasmoPod is a novel cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of malaria parasites. PlasmoPod is based on reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of the highly abundant Plasmodium spp. 18S ribosomal RNA/DNA biomarker and is run on a portable qPCR instrument which allows diagnosis in less than 30 minutes. Our analytical performance evaluation indicates that a limit-of-detection as low as 0.02 parasites/μL can be achieved and no cross-reactivity with other pathogens common in malaria endemic regions was observed. In a cohort of 102 asymptomatic individuals from Bioko Island with low malaria parasite densities, PlasmoPod accurately detected 83 cases, resulting in an overall detection rate of 81.4%. Notably, there was a strong correlation between the Cq values obtained from the reference RT-qPCR assay and those obtained from PlasmoPod. In an independent cohort, using dried blood spots from malaria symptomatic children living in the Central African Republic, we demonstrated that PlasmoPod outperforms malaria rapid diagnostic tests based on the PfHRP2 and panLDH antigens as well as thick blood smear microscopy. Our data suggest that this 30-minute sample-to-result RT-qPCR procedure is likely to achieve a diagnostic performance comparable to a standard laboratory-based RT-qPCR setup. We believe that the PlasmoPod rapid NAAT could enable widespread accessibility of high-quality and cost-effective molecular malaria surveillance data through decentralization of testing and surveillance activities, especially in elimination settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bechtold
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo AG, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salome Hosch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Gregorini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo AG, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo AG, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Jean Chrysostome Gody
- Paediatric Hospital and University Complex of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Nsanzanbana
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia A. Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Vickos
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Amitié Hospital, Bangui, Central African Republic
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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7
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Zhang SBXY, Pessemesse Q, Lätsch L, Engel KM, Stark WJ, van Bavel AP, Horton AD, Payard PA, Copéret C. Role and dynamics of transition metal carbides in methane coupling. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5899-5905. [PMID: 37293639 PMCID: PMC10246698 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal carbides have numerous applications and are known to excel in terms of hardness, thermal stability and conductivity. In particular, the Pt-like behavior of Mo and W carbides has led to the popularization of metal carbides in catalysis, ranging from electrochemically-driven reactions to thermal methane coupling. Herein, we show the active participation of carbidic carbon in the formation of C2 products during methane coupling at high temperature that is associated with the dynamics of Mo and W carbides. A detailed mechanistic study reveals that the catalyst performance of these metal carbides can be traced back to its carbon diffusivity and exchange capability upon interaction with methane (gas phase carbon). A stable C2 selectivity over time on stream for Mo carbide (Mo2C) can be rationalized by fast carbon diffusion dynamics, while W carbide (WC) shows loss of selectivity due to slow diffusion leading to surface carbon depletion. This finding showcases that the bulk carbidic carbon of the catalyst plays a crucial role and that the metal carbide is not only responsible for methyl radical formation. Overall, this study evidences the presence of a carbon equivalent to the Mars-Van Krevelen type mechanism for non-oxidative coupling of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphine B X Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Quentin Pessemesse
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Lyon France
| | - Lukas Lätsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Konstantin M Engel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew D Horton
- Shell Global Solutions International B. V. Grasweg 31 1031 HW Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Lyon France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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8
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Lustenberger UB, Krestnikova A, Gröninger OG, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Knowledge Transfer in Support of the Development of Oxygen Concentrators in Emergency Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Chem Educ 2023; 100:1858-1865. [PMID: 37552711 PMCID: PMC10176972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic simultaneously disrupted supply chains and generated an urgent demand in medical infrastructure. Among personal protective equipment and ventilators, there was also an urgent demand for chemical oxygen. As devices to purify oxygen could not be manufactured and shipped rapidly enough, a simple and accessible oxygen concentrator based on pressure swing adsorption was developed at ETH Zurich in spring 2020. Instead of building devices locally and shipping them, it was decided to educate others in need of oxygen. The implementation encompassed education on process chemistry, material choice, and assembly and optimization of the concentrator and was realized using synchronous teaching tools, such as video call, and asynchronous ones, such as a website and video streaming. The project gained traction and interaction with engineering teams from universities and non-Governmental Organizations (Red Cross and the UN Development Program) in developing countries and emerging market economies, including Ecuador, Mexico, Somalia, and Peru. At the end of the project, the teams were surveyed regarding their experience in the educative knowledge transfer. It was reported that the learning experience prepared these groups well to build the device and to teach others as well. Major challenges were accessing some parts of the device and optimizing its performance. While synchronous communication is expected to be a very effective teaching method, the survey results showed that explanations via a website and video streaming have contributed the most to the implementation of the oxygen concentrator and thereby provide autonomous and sustainable education tools.
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9
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Janker S, Doswald S, Schimmer RR, Schanz U, Stark WJ, Schläpfer M, Beck-Schimmer B. Targeted Large-Volume Lymphocyte Removal Using Magnetic Nanoparticles in Blood Samples of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087523. [PMID: 37108680 PMCID: PMC10139131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, our research group was able to successfully remove circulating tumor cells with magnetic nanoparticles. While these cancer cells are typically present in low numbers, we hypothesized that magnetic nanoparticles, besides catching single cells, are also capable of eliminating a large number of tumor cells from the blood ex vivo. This approach was tested in a small pilot study in blood samples of patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a mature B-cell neoplasm. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 52 is a ubiquitously expressed surface antigen on mature lymphocytes. Alemtuzumab (MabCampath®) is a humanized, IgG1κ, monoclonal antibody directed against CD52, which was formerly clinically approved for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and therefore regarded as an ideal candidate for further tests to develop new treatment options. Alemtuzumab was bound onto carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles. The particles were added to blood samples of CLL patients and finally removed, ideally with bound B lymphocytes, using a magnetic column. Flow cytometry quantified lymphocyte counts before, after the first, and after the second flow across the column. A mixed effects analysis was performed to evaluate removal efficiency. p < 0.05 was defined as significant. In the first patient cohort (n = 10), using a fixed nanoparticle concentration, CD19-positive B lymphocytes were reduced by 38% and by 53% after the first and the second purification steps (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005), respectively. In a second patient cohort (n = 11), the nanoparticle concentration was increased, and CD19-positive B lymphocytes were reduced by 44% (p < 0.001) with no further removal after the second purification step. In patients with a high lymphocyte count (>20 G/L), an improved efficiency of approximately 20% was observed using higher nanoparticle concentrations. A 40 to 50% reduction of B lymphocyte count using alemtuzumab-coupled carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles is feasible, also in patients with a high lymphocyte count. A second purification step did not further increase removal. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that such particles allow for the targeted extraction of larger amounts of cellular blood components and might offer new treatment options in the far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Janker
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Doswald
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman R Schimmer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Schanz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schläpfer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Beck-Schimmer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Pfuderer L, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Synthetic Microbial Surrogates Consisting of Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating DNA for the Validation of Surface Disinfection Procedures. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1252-1259. [PMID: 36854082 PMCID: PMC10031560 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective cleaning and disinfection procedures are an integral part of good manufacturing practice and in maintaining hygiene standards in health-care facilities. In this study, a method to validate such cleaning and disinfection procedures of surfaces was established employing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating DNA. It was possible to determine and distinguish between the physical cleaning effect (dilution) and the chemical cleaning effect (disintegration) on the LNPs during the cleaning and disinfection procedure (wiping). After treatment with 70 v % ethanol as a disinfectant and SDS solution as a cleaning agent, LNPs showed log10 reductions of 4.5 and 4.0, respectively. These values are similar to the log10 reductions exhibited by common bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. Therefore, LNPs pose as useful tools for cleaning validation with advantages over the already existing tools and enable a separate detection of dilution and chemical disinfectant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pfuderer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Pinheiro Araújo T, Mondelli C, Agrachev M, Zou T, Willi PO, Engel KM, Grass RN, Stark WJ, Safonova OV, Jeschke G, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Flame-made ternary Pd-In2O3-ZrO2 catalyst with enhanced oxygen vacancy generation for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5610. [PMID: 36153333 PMCID: PMC9509363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium promotion and deposition on monoclinic zirconia are effective strategies to boost the performance of bulk In2O3 in CO2-to-methanol and could unlock superior reactivity if well integrated into a single catalytic system. However, harnessing synergic effects of the individual components is crucial and very challenging as it requires precise control over their assembly. Herein, we present ternary Pd-In2O3-ZrO2 catalysts prepared by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) with remarkable methanol productivity and improved metal utilization, surpassing their binary counterparts. Unlike established impregnation and co-precipitation methods, FSP produces materials combining low-nuclearity palladium species associated with In2O3 monolayers highly dispersed on the ZrO2 carrier, whose surface partially transforms from a tetragonal into a monoclinic-like structure upon reaction. A pioneering protocol developed to quantify oxygen vacancies using in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals their enhanced generation because of this unique catalyst architecture, thereby rationalizing its high and sustained methanol productivity. Assembling multicomponent catalysts to harness synergic effects is challenging. Now, flame spray pyrolysis permits the synthesis of ternary Pd-In2O3-ZrO2 catalysts with an optimal architecture and an enriched density of oxygen vacancies for maximal performance in CO2-based methanol synthesis.
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12
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Koch J, Kerl AC, Schawalder N, Luescher AM, Nguyen BH, Strauss K, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Preserving DNA in Biodegradable Organosilica Encapsulates. Langmuir 2022; 38:11191-11198. [PMID: 36083165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell strategy was developed to protect synthetic DNA in organosilica particles encompassing dithiol linkages allowing for a DNA loading of 1.1 wt %. DNA stability tests involving bleach as an oxidant showed that following the procedure DNA was sandwiched between core particles of ca. 450 nm size and a protective outer layer, separating the DNA from the environment. Rapid aging tests at 60 °C and 50% relative humidity revealed that the DNA protected within this material was significantly more stable than nonprotected DNA, with an expected ambient temperature half-life of over 60 years. Still, and due to the presence of the dithiol linkages in the backbone of the organosilica material, the particles degraded in the presence of reducing agents (TCEP and glutathione) and disintegrated within several days in a simulated compost environment, which was employed to test the biodegradability of the material. This is in contrast to DNA encapsulated following state of the art procedures in pure SiO2 particles, which do not biodegrade in the investigated timeframes and conditions. The results show that synthetic DNA protected within dithiol comprising organosilica particles presents a strategy to store digital data at a high storage capacity for long time frames in a fully biodegradable format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koch
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Christin Kerl
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natascha Schawalder
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Luescher
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bichlien H Nguyen
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, Washington 98052, United States
| | - Karin Strauss
- Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, Washington 98052, United States
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Antkowiak PL, Koch J, Nguyen BH, Stark WJ, Strauss K, Ceze L, Grass RN. Integrating DNA Encapsulates and Digital Microfluidics for Automated Data Storage in DNA. Small 2022; 18:e2107381. [PMID: 35218608 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using DNA as a durable, high-density storage medium with eternal format relevance can address a future data storage deficiency. The proposed storage format incorporates dehydrated particle spots on glass, at a theoretical capacity of more than 20 TB per spot, which can be efficiently retrieved without significant loss of DNA. The authors measure the rapid decay of dried DNA at room temperature and present the synthesis of encapsulated DNA in silica nanoparticles as a possible solution. In this form, the protected DNA can be readily applied to digital microfluidics (DMF) used to handle retrieval operations amenable to full automation. A storage architecture is demonstrated, which can increase the storage capacity of today's archival storage systems by more than three orders of magnitude: A DNA library containing 7373 unique sequences is encapsulated and stored under accelerated aging conditions (4 days at 70 °C, 50% RH) corresponding to 116 years at room temperature and the stored information is successfully recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp L Antkowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Karin Strauss
- Microsoft Research, 1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA
| | - Luis Ceze
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, 185 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Robert N Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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14
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Antkowiak PL, Koch J, Rzepka P, Nguyen BH, Strauss K, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Anhydrous calcium phosphate crystals stabilize DNA for dry storage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3174-3177. [PMID: 35171192 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The resilience of ancient DNA (aDNA) in bone gives rise to the preservation of synthetic DNA with bioinorganic materials such as calcium phosphate (CaP). Accelerated aging experiments at elevated temperature and humidity displayed a positive effect of co-precipitated, crystalline dicalcium phosphate on the stability of synthetic DNA in contrast to amorphous CaP. Quantitative PXRD in combination with SEM and EDX measurements revealed distinct CaP phase transformations of calcium phosphate dihydrate (brushite) to anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (monetite) influencing DNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp L Antkowiak
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Julian Koch
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. .,Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Karin Strauss
- Microsoft Research, 1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052, USA
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Luescher AM, Koch J, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Silica-encapsulated DNA tracers for measuring aerosol distribution dynamics in real-world settings. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e12945. [PMID: 34676590 PMCID: PMC9298268 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolized particles play a significant role in human health and environmental risk management. The global importance of aerosol-related hazards, such as the circulation of pathogens and high levels of air pollutants, have led to a surging demand for suitable surrogate tracers to investigate the complex dynamics of airborne particles in real-world scenarios. In this study, we propose a novel approach using silica particles with encapsulated DNA (SPED) as a tracing agent for measuring aerosol distribution indoors. In a series of experiments with a portable setup, SPED were successfully aerosolized, recaptured, and quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Position dependency and ventilation effects within a confined space could be shown in a quantitative fashion achieving detection limits below 0.1 ng particles per m3 of sampled air. In conclusion, SPED show promise for a flexible, cost-effective, and low-impact characterization of aerosol dynamics in a wide range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Luescher
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Julian Koch
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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16
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Bechtold P, Wagner P, Hosch S, Siegrist D, Ruiz-Serrano A, Gregorini M, Mpina M, Ondó FA, Obama J, Ayekaba MO, Engler O, Stark WJ, Daubenberger CA, Schindler T. Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Using a Portable peakPCR Platform. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16350-16359. [PMID: 34852455 PMCID: PMC8672427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for tools that facilitate rapid detection and continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is greater than ever, as these variants are more transmissible and therefore increase the pressure of COVID-19 on healthcare systems. To address this demand, we aimed at developing and evaluating a robust and fast diagnostic approach for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 VOC-associated spike gene mutations. Our diagnostic assays detect the E484K and N501Y single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as a spike gene deletion (HV69/70) and can be run on standard laboratory equipment or on the portable rapid diagnostic technology platform peakPCR. The assays achieved excellent diagnostic performance when tested with RNA extracted from culture-derived SARS-CoV-2 VOC lineages and clinical samples collected in Equatorial Guinea, Central-West Africa. Simplicity of usage and the relatively low cost are advantages that make our approach well suitable for decentralized and rapid testing, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bechtold
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo
AG, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salome Hosch
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Amalia Ruiz-Serrano
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo
AG, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Gregorini
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo
AG, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Maxmillian Mpina
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratorio
de Investigaciones de Baney, P.O. Box 338, Baney, Equatorial
Guinea
| | | | - Justino Obama
- Ministry
of Health and Social Welfare, P.O. Box 209, Malabo, Equatorial
Guinea
| | | | | | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
- Diaxxo
AG, 8093 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia A. Daubenberger
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Koch J, Doswald S, Mikutis G, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Ecotoxicological Assessment of DNA-Tagged Silica Particles for Environmental Tracing. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:6867-6875. [PMID: 33901401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental tracers are chemical species that move with a fluid and allow us to understand its origin and material transport properties. DNA-based materials have been proposed and used for tracing due to their potential for multitracing with high specificity and sensitivity. For large-scale applications of this new material it is of interest to understand its impact on the environment. We therefore assessed the ecotoxicity of sub-micron silica particles with and without encapsulated DNA in the context of surface and underground tracing of natural waterflows using standard ecotoxicity assays according to ISO standards. Acute toxicity tests were performed with Daphnia magna (48 h), showing no effect on mobility at tracer concentrations below 300 ppm. Chronic ecotoxicological potential was tested with Raphidocelis subcapitata (green algae) (72 h) and Ceriodaphnia species (7 d) with no effect observed at realistic exposure scenario concentrations for both silica particles with and without encapsulated DNA. These results suggest that large-scale environmental tracing with DNA-tagged silica particles in the given exposure scenarios has a low impact on aquatic species with low trophic levels such as select algae and planktonic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koch
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Doswald
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gediminas Mikutis
- Haelixa AG, Kemptpark 4, 8310 Kemptthal, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Doswald S, Stark WJ. Preparation of Functionalized Carbon-Coated Cobalt Nanoparticles with Sulfonated Arene Derivatives, a Study on Surface Functionalization and Stability. Chemistry 2021; 27:4108-4114. [PMID: 33350514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles has been an important field in the last decade due to the versatile applications in catalysis and biomedicine. Generally, a high degree of functionalities on the surface of the nanoparticles is desired. In this study, covalent functionalization of various aromatic sulfonic acids on carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles are investigated on surface functionalization yield and stability. The nanoparticles are prepared via covalent linkage of an in situ generated diazonium on the graphene-like surface. Adsorption and wash experiments were performed to confirm a covalent bonding of the naphthalene derivatives on the nanoparticle surface. With an increased number of sulfonic acid groups on the aromatic compound a significantly lower loading is observed on the corresponding functionalized nanoparticles. This can be counteracted by a change of nitrite species. With this method, nanoparticles with a high number of sulfonic acid groups can be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Doswald
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Abstract
The volume of securely encrypted data transmission required by today's network complexity of people, transactions and interactions increases continuously. To guarantee security of encryption and decryption schemes for exchanging sensitive information, large volumes of true random numbers are required. Here we present a method to exploit the stochastic nature of chemistry by synthesizing DNA strands composed of random nucleotides. We compare three commercial random DNA syntheses giving a measure for robustness and synthesis distribution of nucleotides and show that using DNA for random number generation, we can obtain 7 million GB of randomness from one synthesis run, which can be read out using state-of-the-art sequencing technologies at rates of ca. 300 kB/s. Using the von Neumann algorithm for data compression, we remove bias introduced from human or technological sources and assess randomness using NIST's statistical test suite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Meiser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp L Antkowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcistrasse 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert N Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Antkowiak PL, Lietard J, Darestani MZ, Somoza MM, Stark WJ, Heckel R, Grass RN. Low cost DNA data storage using photolithographic synthesis and advanced information reconstruction and error correction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5345. [PMID: 33093494 PMCID: PMC7582880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its longevity and enormous information density, DNA is an attractive medium for archival storage. The current hamstring of DNA data storage systems-both in cost and speed-is synthesis. The key idea for breaking this bottleneck pursued in this work is to move beyond the low-error and expensive synthesis employed almost exclusively in today's systems, towards cheaper, potentially faster, but high-error synthesis technologies. Here, we demonstrate a DNA storage system that relies on massively parallel light-directed synthesis, which is considerably cheaper than conventional solid-phase synthesis. However, this technology has a high sequence error rate when optimized for speed. We demonstrate that even in this high-error regime, reliable storage of information is possible, by developing a pipeline of algorithms for encoding and reconstruction of the information. In our experiments, we store a file containing sheet music of Mozart, and show perfect data recovery from low synthesis fidelity DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp L Antkowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jory Lietard
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Zalbagi Darestani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Mark M Somoza
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Theresienstr. 90, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - Robert N Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Guex LG, Jones LS, Kohll AX, Walker R, Meboldt M, Falk V, Schmid Daners M, Stark WJ. Increased Longevity and Pumping Performance of an Injection Molded Soft Total Artificial Heart. Soft Robot 2020; 8:588-593. [PMID: 32976071 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2019.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present an injection molded soft total artificial heart (sTAH) produced from high-temperature vulcanizing silicone using an industrial metal injection mold. At 60 beats per minute, the sTAH exhibited a total cardiac output of over 16 L/min against physiological pressures on a mock circulation and was pumped continuously for 110,000 actuation cycles. Finite element analysis was used to identify stress concentrations within the sTAH, allowing an optimized design to be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard G Guex
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical- and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lewis S Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical- and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Xavier Kohll
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical- and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical- and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schmid Daners
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical- and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Gregorini M, Grass RN, Stark WJ. One-Step Photolithographic Surface Patterning of Nanometer-Thick Gold Surfaces by Using a Commercial DLP Projector and the Fabrication of a Microheater. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gregorini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N. Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Christophe Dessimoz
- Department of Computational Biology and Center for Integrative Genomics University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Department of Computer Science University College London UK
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
Today, we can read human genomes and store digital data robustly in synthetic DNA. Herein, we report a strategy to intertwine these two technologies to enable the secure storage of valuable information in synthetic DNA, protected with personalized keys. We show that genetic short tandem repeats (STRs) contain sufficient entropy to generate strong encryption keys, and that only one technology, DNA sequencing, is required to simultaneously read the key and the data. Using this approach, we experimentally generated 80 bit strong keys from human DNA, and used such a key to encrypt 17 kB of digital information stored in synthetic DNA. Finally, the decrypted information was recovered perfectly from a single massively parallel sequencing run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Grass
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heckel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Dessimoz
- Department of Computational Biology and Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Department of Computer Science, University College, London, UK
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kohll AX, Antkowiak PL, Chen WD, Nguyen BH, Stark WJ, Ceze L, Strauss K, Grass RN. Stabilizing synthetic DNA for long-term data storage with earth alkaline salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3613-3616. [PMID: 32107514 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid aging tests (70 °C, 50% RH) of solid state DNA dried in the presence of various salt formulations, showed the strong stabilizing effect of calcium phosphate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, even at high DNA loadings (>20 wt%). A DNA-based digital information storage system utilizing the stabilizing effect of MgCl2 was tested by storing a DNA file, encoding 115 kB of digital data, and the successful readout of the file by sequencing after accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Xavier Kohll
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lobsiger N, Venetz JE, Gregorini M, Christen M, Christen B, Stark WJ. YestroSens, a field-portable S. cerevisiae biosensor device for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Reliability and stability. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kohll AX, Koch J, Chen WD, O’Dwyer C, Mikutis G, Stark WJ, Grass RN. DNA Barcode Quantification As a Robust Tool for Measuring Mixing Ratios in Two-Component Systems. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:5062-5068. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Xavier Kohll
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koch
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Weida D. Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Conor O’Dwyer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gediminas Mikutis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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Schneider I, Baumgartner W, Gröninger O, Stark WJ, Märsmann S, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Wolint P, Buschmann J. 3D microtissue-derived human stem cells seeded on electrospun nanocomposites under shear stress: Modulation of gene expression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 102:103481. [PMID: 31678737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different microenvironments trigger distinct differentiation of stem cells. Even without chemical supplementation, mechanical stimulation by shear stress may help to induce the desired differentiation. The cell format, such as three-dimensional (3D) microtissues (MTs), MT-derived cells or single cells (SCs), may have a pivotal impact as well. Here, we studied modulation of gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exposed to shear stress and/or after MT formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electrospun meshes of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP) at a weight ratio of 60:40 were seeded with human ASCs as MTs or as SCs and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without chemical supplementation. After 2 weeks of static culture, the scaffolds were cultured statically for another 2 weeks or placed in a Bose® bioreactor with a flow rate per area of 0.16 mL cm-2 min-1. Stiffness of the scaffolds was assessed as a function of time. After 4 weeks, minimum stem cell criteria markers and selected markers of osteogenesis, endothelial cell differentiation, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, cell distribution within the scaffolds and the allocation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) in the cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MTs decayed completely within 2 weeks after seeding on PLGA/aCaP. The osteogenic marker gene alkaline phosphatase and the endothelial cell marker gene CD31 were upregulated in MT-derived ASCs compared with SCs. Shear stress realised by fluid flow perfusion upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 expression in MT-derived ASCs and in SCs. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of YAP expression was doubled under perfusion compared with that under static culture for MT-derived ASCs and SCs. CONCLUSIONS Osteogenic and angiogenic commitments were more pronounced in MT-derived ASCs seeded on bone biomimetic electrospun nanocomposite PLGA/aCaP than in SCs seeded without induction medium. Furthermore, the static culture was superior to the perfusion regimen used here, as shear stress resulted in adipogenic commitment for MT-derived ASCs and SCs, although the YAP nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio indicated higher cell tensions under perfusion, usually associated with preferred osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schneider
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Gröninger
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Märsmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Buschmann J, Yamada Y, Schulz-Schönhagen K, Hess SC, Stark WJ, Opelz C, Bürgisser GM, Weder W, Jungraithmayr W. Hybrid nanocomposite as a chest wall graft with improved integration by adipose-derived stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10910. [PMID: 31358841 PMCID: PMC6662805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery of the chest wall is potentially required to cover large defects after removal of malignant tumours. Usually, inert and non-degradable Gore-Tex serves to replace the missing tissue. However, novel biodegradable materials combined with stem cells are available that stimulate the healing. Based on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP) and pure PLGA, a dual layer biodegradable hybrid nanocomposite was generated. Mouse adipose-derived stem cells were cultered on electrospun disks (ASCs of C57BL/6), and biomechanical tests were performed. The cell-seeded scaffolds were engrafted in C57BL/LY5.1 mice to serve as a chest wall substitute. Cell invasion into the bi-layered material, extent of CD45+ cells, inflammatory response, neo-vascularization and ECM composition were determined at 1 and 2 months post-surgery, respectively. The bi-layered hybrid nanocomposite was stable after a 2-week in vitro culture, in contrast to PLGA/aCaP without a PLGA layer. There was a complete biointegration and good vascularization in vivo. The presence of ASCs attracted more CD45+ cells (hematopoietic origin) compared to cell-free scaffolds. Inflammatory reaction was similar for both groups (±ASCs) at 8 weeks. A bi-layered hybrid nanocomposite fabricated of electrospun PLGA/aCaP and a reinforcing layer of pristine PLGA is an ideal scaffold for chest wall reconstruction. It is stable and allows a proper host tissue integration. If ASCs are seeded, they attract more CD45+ cells, supporting the regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Schulz-Schönhagen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Hess
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Opelz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
This review summarizes the development of whole-cell biosensors with a special focus on device development and cell immobilization. Integration of biosensor functions in a device will pave the way for field applications in remote areas and resource-limited settings. Firstly, an introduction to the field of whole-cell biosensors is provided, followed by examples of genetic engineering of cells in order to fulfill sensor functions. A framework of requirements to enable future field applications of biosensors is elaborated. A special focus is on different cell immobilization techniques ranging from polymers, to microfluidic devices, immobilization on paper and combinations of these methods. Looking at globally successfully implemented point of care devices such as a home pregnancy test or a blood glucose meter, we conclude the review with thoughts on long-term stability, portability, ease of use and user safety design guidelines for whole-cell biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lobsiger
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemical- and Bioengineering, Functional Materials Laboratory
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemical- and Bioengineering, Functional Materials Laboratory
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Gregorini M, Mikutis G, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Small-Size Polymerase Chain Reaction Device with Improved Heat Transfer and Combined Feedforward/Feedback Control Strategy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gregorini
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gediminas Mikutis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Kohll AX, Cohrs NH, Walker R, Petrou A, Loepfe M, Schmid Daners M, Falk V, Meboldt M, Stark WJ. Long-Term Performance of a Pneumatically Actuated Soft Pump Manufactured by Rubber Compression Molding. Soft Robot 2019; 6:206-213. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2018.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Xavier Kohll
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas H. Cohrs
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Petrou
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Loepfe
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Product Development Group Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Kong XZ, Deuber CA, Kittilä A, Somogyvári M, Mikutis G, Bayer P, Stark WJ, Saar MO. Tomographic Reservoir Imaging with DNA-Labeled Silica Nanotracers: The First Field Validation. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:13681-13689. [PMID: 30387997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first field validation of using DNA-labeled silica nanoparticles as tracers to image subsurface reservoirs by travel time based tomography. During a field campaign in Switzerland, we performed short-pulse tracer tests under a forced hydraulic head gradient to conduct a multisource-multireceiver tracer test and tomographic inversion, determining the two-dimensional hydraulic conductivity field between two vertical wells. Together with three traditional solute dye tracers, we injected spherical silica nanotracers, encoded with synthetic DNA molecules, which are protected by a silica layer against damage due to chemicals, microorganisms, and enzymes. Temporal moment analyses of the recorded tracer concentration breakthrough curves (BTCs) indicate higher mass recovery, less mean residence time, and smaller dispersion of the DNA-labeled nanotracers, compared to solute dye tracers. Importantly, travel time based tomography, using nanotracer BTCs, yields a satisfactory hydraulic conductivity tomogram, validated by the dye tracer results and previous field investigations. These advantages of DNA-labeled nanotracers, in comparison to traditional solute dye tracers, make them well-suited for tomographic reservoir characterizations in fields such as hydrogeology, petroleum engineering, and geothermal energy, particularly with respect to resolving preferential flow paths or the heterogeneity of contact surfaces or by enabling source zone characterizations of dense nonaqueous phase liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhao Kong
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Claudia A Deuber
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Anniina Kittilä
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Márk Somogyvári
- Institute of Mathematics , University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Gediminas Mikutis
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Peter Bayer
- Institute of new Energy Systems (InES) , Ingolstadt University of Applied Sciences , 85049 Ingolstadt , Germany
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin O Saar
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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Baumgartner W, Otto L, Hess SC, Stark WJ, Märsmann S, Bürgisser GM, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Buschmann J. Cartilage/bone interface fabricated under perfusion: Spatially organized commitment of adipose‐derived stem cells without medium supplementation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1833-1843. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Baumgartner
- Division of Plastic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Lukas Otto
- Division of Plastic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Hess
- Institute for Chemical‐ and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical‐ and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sonja Märsmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
- Division of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich ZKF, Zürich Switzerland
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35
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Mikutis G, Deuber CA, Schmid L, Kittilä A, Lobsiger N, Puddu M, Asgeirsson DO, Grass RN, Saar MO, Stark WJ. Silica-Encapsulated DNA-Based Tracers for Aquifer Characterization. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12142-12152. [PMID: 30277386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental tracing is a direct way to characterize aquifers, evaluate the solute transfer parameter in underground reservoirs, and track contamination. By performing multitracer tests, and translating the tracer breakthrough times into tomographic maps, key parameters such as a reservoir's effective porosity and permeability field may be obtained. DNA, with its modular design, allows the generation of a virtually unlimited number of distinguishable tracers. To overcome the insufficient DNA stability due to microbial activity, heat, and chemical stress, we present a method to encapsulated DNA into silica with control over the particle size. The reliability of DNA quantification is improved by the sample preservation with NaN3 and particle redispersion strategies. In both sand column and unconsolidated aquifer experiments, DNA-based particle tracers exhibited slightly earlier and sharper breakthrough than the traditional solute tracer uranine. The reason behind this observation is the size exclusion effect, whereby larger tracer particles are excluded from small pores, and are therefore transported with higher average velocity, which is pore size-dependent. Identical surface properties, and thus flow behavior, makes the new material an attractive tracer to characterize sandy groundwater reservoirs or to track multiple sources of contaminants with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Mikutis
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Claudia A Deuber
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 5 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lucius Schmid
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Anniina Kittilä
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 5 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Nadine Lobsiger
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Michela Puddu
- Haelixa AG, Otto-Stern-Weg 7 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Daphne O Asgeirsson
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Robert N Grass
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin O Saar
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Department of Earth Sciences , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 5 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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36
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Herzog AF, Schneider EM, Stark WJ. Hydrogen as a Bio-Orthogonal Trigger for Spatiotemporally Controlled Caged Prodrug Activation. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine F. Herzog
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Elia M. Schneider
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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37
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Mikutis G, Schmid L, Stark WJ, Grass RN. Length-dependent DNA degradation kinetic model: Decay compensation in DNA tracer concentration measurements. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Mikutis
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lucius Schmid
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Functional Materials Laboratory; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
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38
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Cohrs NH, Schulz-Schönhagen K, Mohn D, Wolint P, Meier Bürgisser G, Stark WJ, Buschmann J. Modification of silicone elastomers with Bioglass 45S5® increases in ovo tissue biointegration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1180-1188. [PMID: 30189112 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Silicone is an important material family used for various medical implants. It is biocompatible, but its bioinertness prevents cell attachment, and thus tissue biointegration of silicone implants. This often results in constrictive fibrosis and implant failure. Bioglass 45S5® (BG) could be a suitable material to alter the properties of silicone, render it bioactive and improve tissue integration. Therefore, BG micro- or nanoparticles were blended into medical-grade silicone and 2D as well as 3D structures of the resulting composites were analyzed in ovo by a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The biomechanical properties of the composites were measured and the bioactivity of the composites was verified in simulated body fluid. The bioactivity of BG-containing composites was confirmed visually by the formation of hydroxyapatite through scanning electron microscopy as well as by infrared spectroscopy. BG stiffens as prepared non-porous composites by 13% and 36% for micro- and nanocomposites respectively. In particular, after implantation for 7 days, the Young's modulus had increased significantly from 1.20 ± 0.01 to 1.57 ± 0.03 MPa for microcomposites and 1.44 ± 0.03 to 1.69 ± 0.29 MPa to for nanocpmosites. Still, the materials remain highly elastic and are comparably soft. The incorporation of BG into silicone overcame the bioinertness of the pure polymer. Although the overall tissue integration was weak, it was significantly improved for BG-containing porous silicones (+72% for microcomposites) and even further enhanced for composites containing nanoparticles (+94%). These findings make BG a suitable material to improve silicone implant properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1180-1188, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Cohrs
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Mohn
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zürich, Center of Dental Medicine, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Baumgartner W, Schneider I, Hess SC, Stark WJ, Märsmann S, Brunelli M, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Buschmann J. Cyclic uniaxial compression of human stem cells seeded on a bone biomimetic nanocomposite decreases anti-osteogenic commitment evoked by shear stress. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 83:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Bougas L, Langenegger LD, Mora CA, Zeltner M, Stark WJ, Wickenbrock A, Blanchard JW, Budker D. Nondestructive in-line sub-picomolar detection of magnetic nanoparticles in flowing complex fluids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3491. [PMID: 29472727 PMCID: PMC5823888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the use of magnetic nanoparticles in research and commercial applications has increased dramatically. However, direct detection of trace quantities remains a challenge in terms of equipment cost, operating conditions and data acquisition times, especially in flowing conditions within complex media. Here we present the in-line, non-destructive detection of magnetic nanoparticles using high performance atomic magnetometers at ambient conditions in flowing media. We achieve sub-picomolar sensitivities measuring ~30 nm ferromagnetic iron and cobalt nanoparticles that are suitable for biomedical and industrial applications, under flowing conditions in water and whole blood. Additionally, we demonstrate real-time surveillance of the magnetic separation of nanoparticles from water and whole blood. Overall our system has the merit of in-line direct measurement of trace quantities of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with so far unreached sensitivities and could be applied in the biomedical field (diagnostics and therapeutics) but also in the industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas D Langenegger
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Mora
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zeltner
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7300, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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41
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Hofer CJ, Grass RN, Schneider EM, Hendriks L, Herzog AF, Zeltner M, Günther D, Stark WJ. Water dispersible surface-functionalized platinum/carbon nanorattles for size-selective catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:362-367. [PMID: 29629105 PMCID: PMC5868313 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective dealloying of metal nanoparticles results in rattle-type hollow carbon nanoshells enclosing platinum nanoparticles, which are able to perform size-selective catalysis. Selective functionalization of the outer graphene-like carbon surface prevents agglomeration and leads to well dispersible nanocatalysts in aqueous solutions. The synthesis starts with the production of nanoparticles with a cobalt-platinum-alloy core surrounded by graphene-like carbon via reducing flame spray synthesis. After surface functionalization, simultaneous pore formation in the shell-wall and dissolution of the cobalt results in platinum encapsulated in hollow carbon nanospheres. Catalytic oxidation of differently sized sugars (glucose and maltoheptaose) reveales size-selective catalytic properties of these platinum nanorattles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J Hofer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Robert N Grass
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Elia M Schneider
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Lyndsey Hendriks
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Antoine F Herzog
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Martin Zeltner
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Detlef Günther
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland .
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42
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Arif AF, Kobayashi Y, Schneider EM, Hess SC, Balgis R, Izawa T, Iwasaki H, Taniguchi S, Ogi T, Okuyama K, Stark WJ. Selective Low-Energy Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Using Monodisperse Nitrogen-Rich Hollow Carbon Submicron Spheres. Langmuir 2018; 34:30-35. [PMID: 29215894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse, nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres of submicron size were synthesized using hexamethoxymethylmelamine as both a carbon and nitrogen source in a short (1 h) microwave-assisted synthesis. After carbonization at 550 °C, porous carbon spheres with a remarkably high nitrogen content of 37.1% were obtained, which consisting mainly of highly basic pyridinic moieties. The synthesized hollow spheres exhibited high selectivity for carbon dioxide (CO2) over nitrogen and oxygen gases, with a capture capacity up to 1.56 mmol CO2 g-1. The low adsorption enthalpy of the synthesized hollow carbon spheres permits good adsorbent regeneration. Evaluation of the feasibility of scaling up shows their potential for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya F Arif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yuma Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Elia M Schneider
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Hess
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ratna Balgis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takafumi Izawa
- Battery Materials Research Laboratory, Kurashiki Research Center, Kuraray Co., Ltd. , 2045-1, Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0801, Japan
| | - Hideharu Iwasaki
- Battery Materials Research Laboratory, Kurashiki Research Center, Kuraray Co., Ltd. , 2045-1, Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0801, Japan
| | - Shuto Taniguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kikuo Okuyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hess SC, Stark WJ, Mohn D, Cohrs N, Märsmann S, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Buschmann J. Gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells: comparison of 2D films, 3D electrospun meshes or co-cultured scaffolds with two-way paracrine effects. Eur Cell Mater 2017; 34:232-248. [PMID: 29028070 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v034a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding the appropriate cues to trigger the desired differentiation is a challenge in tissue engineering when stem cells are involved. In this regard, three-dimensional environments are often compared to cells' two-dimensional culture behaviour (plastic culture dish). Here, we compared the gene expression pattern of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) seeded in a three-dimensional (3D) electrospun mesh and on a two-dimensional (2D) film - both of exactly the same material. Additionally, we conducted experiments with a scaffold floating above a film to investigate two-way paracrine effects (co-system). Electrospun meshes (3D scaffolds) and films (2D), consisting either of pristine poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) or of PLGA-containing dispersed amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP), were seeded with ASCs and cultured either in Dulbecco Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) or in osteogenic medium. After two weeks, minimum stem cell criteria markers as well as typical markers for osteogenesis, endothelial cell differentiation, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Interestingly, mostly osteogenic genes of cells seeded on 3D meshes were upregulated compared to those on 2D films, while stem cell markers seemed to be only slightly affected. Runx2 and osteocalcin showed an especially strong upregulation under all conditions, while most other factors analysed for 2D/3D changes were highly dependent on the material composition, the culture medium and on paracrine signalling effects. The beneficial 3D environment for stem cells found in many studies has therefore not to be attributed to the third dimension alone and should carefully be compared to 2D films fabricated of the same material. Furthermore, paracrine interactions triggering differentiation are not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Buschmann
- University Hospital Zurich, Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, E LAB 27, Sternwartstrasse 14, CH-8091 Zürich,
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Buschmann J, Balli E, Hess SC, Stark WJ, Cinelli P, Märsmann S, Welti M, Weder W, Jungraithmayr W. Effects of seeding adipose-derived stem cells on electrospun nanocomposite used as chest wall graft in a murine model. Injury 2017; 48:2080-2088. [PMID: 28842288 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms infiltrating the chest wall often requires resection of the thoracic wall. To replace the defect, Gore-Tex® is usually employed as the gold standard material, however, Gore-Tex® is inert and not degradable. Novel materials are nowadays available which allow a full bio-integration due to their non-toxic degradability. Additionally, stem cell seeding has the capacity to reduce inflammatory response towards such grafts, thus integrating it better into the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Eleni Balli
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Hess
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Märsmann
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Welti
- Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Kumar S, Jagielski J, Kallikounis N, Kim YH, Wolf C, Jenny F, Tian T, Hofer CJ, Chiu YC, Stark WJ, Lee TW, Shih CJ. Ultrapure Green Light-Emitting Diodes Using Two-Dimensional Formamidinium Perovskites: Achieving Recommendation 2020 Color Coordinates. Nano Lett 2017; 17:5277-5284. [PMID: 28770603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pure green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are essential for realizing an ultrawide color gamut in next-generation displays, as is defined by the recommendation (Rec.) 2020 standard. However, because the human eye is more sensitive to the green spectral region, it is not yet possible to achieve an ultrapure green electroluminescence (EL) with a sufficiently narrow bandwidth that covers >95% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 color space. Here, we demonstrate efficient, ultrapure green EL based on the colloidal two-dimensional (2D) formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) hybrid perovskites. Through the dielectric quantum well (DQW) engineering, the quantum-confined 2D FAPbBr3 perovskites exhibit a high exciton binding energy of 162 meV, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼92% in the spin-coated films. Our optimized LED devices show a maximum current efficiency (ηCE) of 13.02 cd A-1 and the CIE 1931 color coordinates of (0.168, 0.773). The color gamut covers 97% and 99% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931 and the CIE 1976 color space, respectively, representing the "greenest" LEDs ever reported. Moreover, the device shows only a ∼10% roll-off in ηCE (11.3 cd A-1) at 1000 cd m-2. We further demonstrate large-area (3 cm2) and ultraflexible (bending radius of 2 mm) LEDs based on 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Jagielski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Kallikounis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Jenny
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne J Hofer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University , Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Cohrs NH, Petrou A, Loepfe M, Yliruka M, Schumacher CM, Kohll AX, Starck CT, Schmid Daners M, Meboldt M, Falk V, Stark WJ. A Soft Total Artificial Heart-First Concept Evaluation on a Hybrid Mock Circulation. Artif Organs 2017; 41:948-958. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Cohrs
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Petrou
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Loepfe
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Maria Yliruka
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - A. Xavier Kohll
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christoph T. Starck
- Department for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mirko Meboldt
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery; Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Zwyssig A, Schneider EM, Zeltner M, Rebmann B, Zlateski V, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Protein Reduction and Dialysis-Free Work-Up through Phosphines Immobilized on a Magnetic Support: TCEP-Functionalized Carbon-Coated Cobalt Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2017; 23:8585-8589. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zwyssig
- D-CHAB, ICB; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Elia M. Schneider
- D-CHAB, ICB; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Zeltner
- D-CHAB, ICB; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Balder Rebmann
- Faculty of Biology, and Centre for Biological Signalling Studies; University of Freiburg; Schaenzlestrasse 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Zlateski
- D-CHAB, ICB; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Grass
- D-CHAB, ICB; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- D-CHAB, ICB; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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48
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Pan Q, Jampel HD, Ramulu P, Schwartz GF, Cotter F, Cute D, Daoud YJ, Murakami P, Stark WJ. Clinical outcomes of gamma-irradiated sterile cornea in aqueous drainage device surgery: a multicenter retrospective study. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:430-436. [PMID: 27834965 PMCID: PMC5350361 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gamma-irradiated sterile cornea (GISC) for covering the tube in aqueous drainage device (ADD) surgery in a retrospective, multicenter case series.Patients and methodsParticipants included 297 patients (321 procedures) who had undergone ADD surgery for the first time using GISC patch at three clinic centers in the United States between April 2009 and July 2012. The medical records of those consecutive patients were reviewed. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters about GISC were collected and analyzed. The main outcome measures were patch graft failure (PGF) and postoperative complications related to GISC.ResultsThree hundred and nineteen eyes in 295 patients were included in the current analysis. Ten out of the 319 eyes experienced PGF with a mean follow-up of 15.4±9.8 (SD) months. The overall cumulative PGF proportion from Kaplan-Meier analysis was 2.6% (95% CI: 0.6-4.7%) at 18 months. We detected two cases of presumed endophthalmitis related to PGF.ConclusionsGISC appears to have a reasonable success rate for preventing tube exposure related to PGF over an 18-month period. This success rate, in combination with other features of GISC (transparency and storage at room temperature), makes it a viable choice for patch graft material during ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Pan
- Eye Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H D Jampel
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Ramulu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - F Cotter
- Vistar Eye Center, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - D Cute
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y J Daoud
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Murakami
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W J Stark
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Rai R, Roether JA, Knowles JC, Mordan N, Salih V, Locke IC, Gordge MP, McCormick A, Mohn D, Stark WJ, Keshavarz T, Boccaccini AR, Roy I. Highly elastomeric poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) based natural polymer composite for enhanced keratinocyte regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1217530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Rai
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Roether
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen – Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Nicola Mordan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vehid Salih
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Locke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Gordge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aine McCormick
- Hemophilia Reference Centre, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Mohn
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cardiology, University of Zurich Center of Dental Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tajalli Keshavarz
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen – Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Formica FA, Öztürk E, Hess SC, Stark WJ, Maniura-Weber K, Rottmar M, Zenobi-Wong M. Electrospinning: A Bioinspired Ultraporous Nanofiber-Hydrogel Mimic of the Cartilage Extracellular Matrix (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 24/2016). Adv Healthc Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201670131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Formica
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ece Öztürk
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Hess
- Functional Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wendelin J. Stark
- Functional Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology; Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Biointerfaces; Empa; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology; Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration; Department of Health Sciences and Technology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Otto-Stern-Weg 7 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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