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McNamara NB, Munro DAD, Bestard-Cuche N, Uyeda A, Bogie JFJ, Hoffmann A, Holloway RK, Molina-Gonzalez I, Askew KE, Mitchell S, Mungall W, Dodds M, Dittmayer C, Moss J, Rose J, Szymkowiak S, Amann L, McColl BW, Prinz M, Spires-Jones TL, Stenzel W, Horsburgh K, Hendriks JJA, Pridans C, Muramatsu R, Williams A, Priller J, Miron VE. Microglia regulate central nervous system myelin growth and integrity. Nature 2023; 613:120-129. [PMID: 36517604 PMCID: PMC9812791 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is required for the function of neuronal axons in the central nervous system, but the mechanisms that support myelin health are unclear. Although macrophages in the central nervous system have been implicated in myelin health1, it is unknown which macrophage populations are involved and which aspects they influence. Here we show that resident microglia are crucial for the maintenance of myelin health in adulthood in both mice and humans. We demonstrate that microglia are dispensable for developmental myelin ensheathment. However, they are required for subsequent regulation of myelin growth and associated cognitive function, and for preservation of myelin integrity by preventing its degeneration. We show that loss of myelin health due to the absence of microglia is associated with the appearance of a myelinating oligodendrocyte state with altered lipid metabolism. Moreover, this mechanism is regulated through disruption of the TGFβ1-TGFβR1 axis. Our findings highlight microglia as promising therapeutic targets for conditions in which myelin growth and integrity are dysregulated, such as in ageing and neurodegenerative disease2,3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh B McNamara
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A D Munro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nadine Bestard-Cuche
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Akiko Uyeda
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Centre, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katharine E Askew
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Mitchell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, King's Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Mungall
- Biological and Veterinary Services, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Dodds
- Biological and Veterinary Services, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carsten Dittmayer
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Rose
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lukas Amann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Centre for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Centre for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- University MS Centre, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Anna Williams
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronique E Miron
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Quick S, Procter TV, Moss J, Seeker L, Walton M, Lawson A, Baker S, Beletski A, Garcia DJ, Mohammad M, Mungall W, Onishi A, Tobola Z, Stringer M, Jansen MA, Vallatos A, Giarratano Y, Bernabeu MO, Wardlaw JM, Williams A. Loss of the heterogeneous expression of flippase ATP11B leads to cerebral small vessel disease in a normotensive rat model. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:283-303. [PMID: 35635573 PMCID: PMC9288385 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the leading cause of vascular dementia, causes a quarter of strokes, and worsens stroke outcomes. The disease is characterised by patchy cerebral small vessel and white matter pathology, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This microvascular and tissue damage has been classically considered secondary to extrinsic factors, such as hypertension, but this fails to explain the patchy nature of the disease, the link to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction even when hypertension is absent, and the increasing evidence of high heritability to SVD-related brain damage. We have previously shown the link between deletion of the phospholipase flippase Atp11b and EC dysfunction in an inbred hypertensive rat model with SVD-like pathology and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ATP11B associated with human sporadic SVD. Here, we generated a novel normotensive transgenic rat model, where Atp11b is deleted, and show pathological, imaging and behavioural changes typical of those in human SVD, but that occur without hypertension. Atp11bKO rat brain and retinal small vessels show ECs with molecular and morphological changes of dysfunction, with myelin disruption in a patchy pattern around some but not all brain small vessels, similar to the human brain. We show that ATP11B/ATP11B is heterogeneously expressed in ECs in normal rat and human brain even in the same transverse section of the same blood vessel, suggesting variable effects of the loss of ATP11B on each vessel and an explanation for the patchy nature of the disease. This work highlights a link between inherent EC dysfunction and vulnerability to SVD white matter damage with a marked heterogeneity of ECs in vivo which modulates this response, occurring even in the absence of hypertension. These findings refocus our strategies for therapeutics away from antihypertensive (and vascular risk factor) control alone and towards ECs in the effort to provide alternative targets to prevent a major cause of stroke and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Quick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tessa V Procter
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Luise Seeker
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marc Walton
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Angus Lawson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Serena Baker
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anna Beletski
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Daniela Jaime Garcia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Mehreen Mohammad
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - William Mungall
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ami Onishi
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Zuzanna Tobola
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Michael Stringer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Antoine Vallatos
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ylenia Giarratano
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, College of Science and Engineering, Bayes Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, College of Science and Engineering, Bayes Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging, Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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3
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MacAskill MG, Stadulyte A, Williams L, Morgan TEF, Sloan NL, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Walton T, Wimberley C, McKenzie CA, Spath N, Mungall W, BouHaidar R, Dweck MR, Gray GA, Newby DE, Lucatelli C, Sutherland A, Pimlott SL, Tavares AAS. Quantification of Macrophage-Driven Inflammation During Myocardial Infarction with 18F-LW223, a Novel TSPO Radiotracer with Binding Independent of the rs6971 Human Polymorphism. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:536-544. [PMID: 32859708 PMCID: PMC8049364 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and inflammation is central to tissue response and patient outcomes. The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has been used in PET as an inflammatory biomarker. The aims of this study were to screen novel, fluorinated, TSPO radiotracers for susceptibility to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism using in vitro competition binding assays in human brain and heart; assess whether the in vivo characteristics of our lead radiotracer, 18F-LW223, are suitable for clinical translation; and validate whether 18F-LW223 can detect macrophage-driven inflammation in a rat MI model. Methods: Fifty-one human brain and 29 human heart tissue samples were screened for the rs6971 polymorphism. Competition binding assays were conducted with 3H-PK11195 and the following ligands: PK11195, PBR28, and our novel compounds (AB5186 and LW223). Naïve rats and mice were used for in vivo PET kinetic studies, radiometabolite studies, and dosimetry experiments. Rats underwent permanent coronary artery ligation and were scanned using PET/CT with an invasive input function at 7 d after MI. For quantification of PET signal in the hypoperfused myocardium, K1 (rate constant for transfer from arterial plasma to tissues) was used as a surrogate marker of perfusion to correct the binding potential for impaired radiotracer transfer from plasma to tissue (BPTC). Results: LW223 binding to TSPO was not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in human brain and heart samples. In rodents, 18F-LW223 displayed a specific uptake consistent with TSPO expression, a slow metabolism in blood (69% of parent at 120 min), a high plasma free fraction of 38.5%, and a suitable dosimetry profile (effective dose of 20.5-24.5 μSv/MBq). 18F-LW223 BPTC was significantly higher in the MI cohort within the infarct territory of the anterior wall relative to the anterior wall of naïve animals (32.7 ± 5.0 vs. 10.0 ± 2.4 cm3/mL/min, P ≤ 0.001). Ex vivo immunofluorescent staining for TSPO and CD68 (macrophage marker) resulted in the same pattern seen with in vivo BPTC analysis. Conclusion:18F-LW223 is not susceptible to the rs6971 genetic polymorphism in in vitro assays, has favorable in vivo characteristics, and is able to accurately map macrophage-driven inflammation after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G MacAskill
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Agne Stadulyte
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Williams
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Timaeus E F Morgan
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki L Sloan
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos J Alcaide-Corral
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tashfeen Walton
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona Wimberley
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris-Anne McKenzie
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Tissue Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Spath
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William Mungall
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph BouHaidar
- Forensic Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A Gray
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sally L Pimlott
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Hoy AM, McDonald N, Lennen RJ, Milanesi M, Herlihy AH, Kendall TJ, Mungall W, Gyngell M, Banerjee R, Janiczek RL, Murphy PS, Jansen MA, Fallowfield JA. Non-invasive assessment of liver disease in rats using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.033910. [PMID: 29915139 PMCID: PMC6078340 DOI: 10.1242/bio.033910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive quantitation of liver disease using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could refine clinical care pathways, trial design and preclinical drug development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of multiparametric MRI in experimental models of liver disease. Liver injury was induced in rats using 4 or 12 weeks of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and 4 or 8 weeks on a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet. Liver MRI was performed using a 7.0 Tesla small animal scanner at baseline and specified timepoints after liver injury. Multiparametric liver MRI parameters [T1 mapping, T2* mapping and proton density fat fraction (PDFF)] were correlated with gold standard histopathological measures. Mean hepatic T1 increased significantly in rats treated with CCl4 for 12 weeks compared to controls [1122±78 ms versus 959±114 ms; d=162.7, 95% CI (11.92, 313.4), P=0.038] and correlated strongly with histological collagen content (rs=0.717, P=0.037). In MCD diet-treated rats, hepatic PDFF correlated strongly with histological fat content (rs=0.819, P<0.0001), steatosis grade (rs=0.850, P<0.0001) and steatohepatitis score (rs=0.818, P<0.0001). Although there was minimal histological iron, progressive fat accumulation in MCD diet-treated livers significantly shortened T2*. In preclinical models, quantitative MRI markers correlated with histopathological assessments, especially for fatty liver disease. Validation in longitudinal studies is required. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Multiparametric liver MRI was feasible in experimental rat models and imaging parameters correlated with gold standard histopathological assessments, especially characteristics of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hoy
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Natasha McDonald
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross J Lennen
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.,Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (EPI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy J Kendall
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.,Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - William Mungall
- Biomedical Research Resources, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | | | - Robert L Janiczek
- GlaxoSmithKline (Experimental Medicine Imaging), Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Philip S Murphy
- GlaxoSmithKline (Experimental Medicine Imaging), Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.,Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging (EPI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Dean A, Mungall W, McKinnell C, Sharpe RM. Prostaglandins, masculinization and its disorders: effects of fetal exposure of the rat to the cyclooxygenase inhibitor- indomethacin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62556. [PMID: 23671609 PMCID: PMC3643956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that masculinization of the male reproductive tract is programmed by androgens in a critical fetal ‘masculinization programming window’ (MPW). What is peculiar to androgen action during this period is, however, unknown. Studies from 20 years ago in mice implicated prostaglandin (PG)-mediation of androgen-induced masculinization, but this has never been followed up. We therefore investigated if PGs might mediate androgen effects in the MPW by exposing pregnant rats to indomethacin (which blocks PG production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity) during this period and then examining if androgen production or action (masculinization) was affected. Pregnant rats were treated with indomethacin (0.8 mg/kg/day; e15.5–e18.5) to encompass the MPW. Indomethacin exposure decreased fetal bodyweight (e21.5), testis weight (e21.5) and testicular PGE2 (e17.5, e21.5), but had no effect on intratesticular testosterone (ITT; e17.5) or anogenital index (AGI; e21.5). Postnatally, AGI, testis weight and blood testosterone were unaffected by indomethacin exposure and no cryptorchidism or hypospadias occurred. Penis length was normal in indomethacin-exposed animals at Pnd25 but was reduced by 26% (p<0.001) in adulthood, an effect that is unexplained. Our results demonstrate that indomethacin can effectively decrease intra-testicular PGE2 level. However, the resulting male phenotype does not support a role for PGs in mediating androgen-induced masculinization during the MPW in rats. The contrast with previous mouse studies is unexplained but may reflect a species difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Dean
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - William Mungall
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chris McKinnell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wellman KM, Mungall W, Mecca TG, Hare CR. Relationship of ring conformation to rotational strengths of d-d transitions in amino acid-copper(II)complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00990a058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Wellman KM, Mecca TG, Mungall W, Hare CR. Optical rotatory dispersion spectra of bis- and mono(.alpha.-substituted glycinato)copper(II) complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00990a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wellman KM, Mecca TG, Mungall W, Hare CR. The detection of apical interaction in copper (II) complexes of potential tridentate alpha-amino acids by optical rotatory dispersion. J Am Chem Soc 1968; 90:805-7. [PMID: 5638312 DOI: 10.1021/ja01005a054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Wellman KM, Bogdansky S, Mungall W, Mecca TG, Hare CR. A correlation of signed charge-transfer Cotton effects with absolute configuration of alpha-amino acids in copper (II) complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 1967; 37:3607-11. [PMID: 6073340 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)89806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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