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Hollingsworth WR, Johnston AR, Jia M, Luo L, Park Y, Meier W, Palmer J, Rolandi M, Ayzner AL. Influence of Backbone Regioregularity on the Optoelectronic and Mechanical Response of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte-Based Hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2277-2285. [PMID: 36882905 PMCID: PMC10026064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to form robust, optoelectronically responsive, and mechanically tunable hydrogels using facile processing is desirable for sensing, biomedical, and light-harvesting applications. We demonstrate that such a hydrogel can be formed using aqueous complexation between one conjugated and one nonconjugated polyelectrolyte. We show that the rheological properties of the hydrogel can be tuned using the regioregularity of the conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) backbone, leading to significantly different mesoscale gel morphologies. We also find that the exciton dynamics in the long-time limit reflect differences in the underlying electronic connectivity of the hydrogels as a function CPE regioregularity. The influence of excess small ions on the hydrogel structure and the exciton dynamics similarly depends on the regioregularity in a significant way. Finally, electrical impedance measurements lead us to infer that these hydrogels can act as mixed ionic/electronic conductors. We believe that such gels possess an attractive combination of physical-chemical properties that can be leveraged in multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Anna R Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Manping Jia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Le Luo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Yunjeong Park
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Walter Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jack Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander L Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Hollingsworth WR, Williams V, Ayzner AL. Semiconducting Eggs and Ladders: Understanding Exciton Landscape Formation in Aqueous π-Conjugated Inter-Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Vanessa Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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3
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Rojas-Andrade MD, Nguyen TA, Mistler WP, Armas J, Lu JE, Roseman G, Hollingsworth WR, Nichols F, Millhauser GL, Ayzner A, Saltikov C, Chen S. Antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide quantum dots: impacts of chemical reduction. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:1074-1083. [PMID: 36133054 PMCID: PMC9417586 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Design and engineering of graphene-based functional nanomaterials for effective antimicrobial applications has been attracting extensive interest. In the present study, graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) were prepared by chemical exfoliation of carbon fibers and exhibited apparent antimicrobial activity. Transmission electron microscopic measurements showed that the lateral length ranged from a few tens to a few hundred nanometers. Upon reduction by sodium borohydride, whereas the UV-vis absorption profile remained largely unchanged, steady-state photoluminescence measurements exhibited a marked blue-shift and increase in intensity of the emission, due to (partial) removal of phenanthroline-like structural defects within the carbon skeletons. Consistent results were obtained in Raman and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Interestingly, the samples exhibited apparent, but clearly different, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis cells. In the dark and under photoirradiation (400 nm), the as-produced GOQDs exhibited markedly higher cytotoxicity than the chemically reduced counterparts, likely because of (i) effective removal by NaBH4 reduction of redox-active phenanthroline-like moieties that interacted with the electron-transport chain of the bacterial cells, and (ii) diminished production of hydroxyl radicals that were potent bactericidal agents after chemical reduction as a result of increased conjugation within the carbon skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio D Rojas-Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - William P Mistler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Juan Armas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Jia En Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Graham Roseman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - William R Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Forrest Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Glenn L Millhauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Alexander Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Chad Saltikov
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
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4
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Xu K, Allen AC, Luo B, Vickers ET, Wang Q, Hollingsworth WR, Ayzner AL, Li X, Zhang JZ. Tuning from Quantum Dots to Magic Sized Clusters of CsPbBr 3 Using Novel Planar Ligands Based on the Trivalent Nitrate Coordination Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4409-4416. [PMID: 31311264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of using trivalent metal hydrated nitrate coordination complexes (TMHNCCs) as novel passivation ligands to control the synthesis of magic sized clusters (MSCs) and quantum dots (QDs) of CsPbBr3 perovskite at room temperature. We can easily tune from QDs to MSCs or produce a mixture of the two by changing the amount of TMHNCC ligands used, with more ligands favoring MSCs. The original TMHNCC introduced, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate [ANN, Al(NO3)3·9H2O], led to the production of aluminum dihydroxide nitrate tetrahydrate {ADNT, [Al(OH)2(NO3)]·4H2O}, with the assistance of oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm). Through several control experiments, we determined that ADNT is the primary ligand for effectively passivating the MSCs and QDs, with OAm being essential for deprotonating ANN and OA for adjusting the pH of the reaction system. We suggest that ADNT is planar on the surface of the MSCs or QDs with its NO3- and OH- groups binding to the Cs+ and Pb2+ defect sites and Al3+ binding to the Br- defect sites of the MSCs or QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - A'Lester C Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Binbin Luo
- Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Evan T Vickers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - William R Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Alexander L Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Xueming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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5
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Cheong HY, Groner M, Hong K, Lynch B, Hollingsworth WR, Polonskaya Z, Rhee JK, Baksh MM, Finn MG, Gale AJ, Udit AK. Heparin Binding to an Engineered Virus-like Nanoparticle Antagonist. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4113-4120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yong Cheong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Myles Groner
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Brennen Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | | | - Zinaida Polonskaya
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department
of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seou 03760, Korea
| | - Michael M. Baksh
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gale
- Department
of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department
of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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6
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Hollingsworth WR, Segura C, Balderrama J, Lopez N, Schleissner P, Ayzner AL. Exciton Transfer and Emergent Excitonic States in Oppositely-Charged Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7767-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Carmen Segura
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jonathan Balderrama
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nathaniel Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Pamela Schleissner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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