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Phosuk I, Sanpool O, Thanchomnang T, Sadaow L, Rodpai R, Anamnart W, Janwan P, Wijit A, Laymanivong S, Pa Aung WP, Intapan PM, Maleewong W. Molecular Identification of Trichuris suis and Trichuris trichiura Eggs in Human Populations from Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:39-44. [PMID: 29165218 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth infecting human populations globally. Human cases caused by Trichuris suis and Trichuris vulpis have also been reported. Molecular identifications of Trichuris species infecting human populations in Lao PDR and Myanmar are lacking. Here, we explored molecular data obtained from Trichuris eggs recovered from human fecal samples from these countries and compared these with new and existing data from Thailand. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S and ITS2) sequences were amplified from Trichuris eggs and sequenced. Forty-one samples showed 99-100% similarity in their 18S sequences to published sequences of T. trichiura and one sample showed 99% similarity to a sequence of T. suis. Similarly, 41 samples showed 92-100% similarity in their ITS2 sequences to published sequences of T. trichiura and one sample showed 94-97% similarity to sequences of T. suis. This study is the first molecular confirmation of human infection with T. suis in northeast Thailand and the first molecular confirmation of the species of Trichuris infecting humans in Lao PDR and Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issarapong Phosuk
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Faculty of Medicine, Maha Sarakram University, Maha Sarakram, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Witthaya Anamnart
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Adulsak Wijit
- Office of Disease Prevention & Control 1st, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Centre of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Win Pa Pa Aung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Ministry of Health and Sport, Yangon, Myanmar.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, and Research and Diagnostic Center for Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Sadaow L, Sanpool O, Phosuk I, Rodpai R, Thanchomnang T, Wijit A, Anamnart W, Laymanivong S, Aung WPP, Janwan P, Maleewong W, Intapan PM. Molecular identification of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum recovered from humans and pigs in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2427-2436. [PMID: 29860571 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides is the largest roundworm known from the human intestine while Ascaris suum is an internal parasite of pigs. Ascariasis, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, has a worldwide distribution. Here, we have provided the first molecular identification of Ascaris eggs and adults recovered from humans and pigs in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. We amplified and sequenced nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and ITS2 regions) and mitochondrial DNA (cox1 gene). Sequence chromatograms of PCR-amplified ITS1 region revealed a probable hybrid genotype from two human ascariasis cases from Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. All complete ITS2 sequences were identical and did not differ between the species. Phylogenetic trees and haplotype analysis of cox1 sequences showed three clusters with 99 haplotypes. Forty-seven samples from the present study represented 14 haplotypes, including 7 new haplotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular confirmation of Ascaris species in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. Zoonotic cross-transmission of Ascaris roundworm between pigs and humans probably occurs in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Issarapong Phosuk
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Adulsak Wijit
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control, 1st, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witthaya Anamnart
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sakhone Laymanivong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Laboratory Unit, Centre of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Win Pa Pa Aung
- Department of Microbiology, Ministry of Health and Sport, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Penchom Janwan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Disease, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Anamnart W, Pattanawongsa A, Intapan PM, Morakote N, Janwan P, Maleewong W. Detrimental effect of water submersion of stools on development of Strongyloides stercoralis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82339. [PMID: 24358173 PMCID: PMC3864946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is prevalent in Thailand, yet its prevalence in the south is lower than in other parts of the country. This might be due to the long rainy season in the south resulting in stool submersion in water inhibiting worm development. In this study, the effect of water submersion of fecal samples on development of Strongyloides stercoralis was investigated. Ten ml of a 1 ∶ 5 fecal suspension were placed in 15-ml tubes, 35-mm dishes, and 90-mm dishes producing the depths of 80 mm, 11 mm and 2 mm-suspensions, respectively. The worm development was followed at 1/6, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 24, and 36 h, by determining the number of filariform larva (FL) generated from agar-plate cultures (APC). Fecal suspensions kept in tubes and 35-mm dishes showed a decline in FL yield relative to incubation time and reached zero production 14 h after incubation. In contrast, the number of FL generated from the suspension kept in 90-mm dishes remained stable up to 36 h. Cumulatively, all tubes and 35-mm dishes became negative in APC after 14 h while 90-mm dishes remained APC-positive up to 36 h. Adding more water or stool suspension to dishes resulted in a decreased number of FL. Mechanical aeration of the suspensions in tubes restored an almost normal FL yield. It appears that the atmospheric air plays a significant role in growth and development of S. stercoralis in the environment and may be one of factors which contribute to a lower prevalence of human strongyloidiasis in the south of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witthaya Anamnart
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Attarat Pattanawongsa
- Department of Preclinical Science, School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Pewpan Maleewong Intapan
- Department of Parasitology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nimit Morakote
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chaing Mai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Department of Parasitology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology and Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Tantrawatpan C, Intapan PM, Thanchomnang T, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Lulitanond V, Anamnart W, Maleewong W. Application of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction assay with melting curve analysis for the detection of Paragonimus heterotremus eggs in the feces of experimentally infected cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:620-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713497944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragonimus heterotremus is a medically important lung fluke that causes human and animal paragonimiasis in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. In the current study, a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction (real-time FRET PCR) with melting curve analysis was developed and evaluated to detect P. heterotremus eggs in the feces of experimentally infected cats. The detection limit of this method for the P. heterotremus DNA sequence was 3 × 102 copies of the positive control plasmid and 10−3 ng of P. heterotremus genomic DNA. The assay system could detect 10 eggs of P. heterotremus per gram of cat feces. No fluorescence signal was observed when DNA purified from 16 other organisms or genomic DNA from cats and human beings were tested. Real-time FRET PCR yielded positive results for all fecal samples from 17 P. heterotremus–infected cats and showed a negative relationship ( r = −0.852, P < 0.001) between the number of parasite eggs in feces and the number of PCR cycles. The assay could detect genomic DNA from P. heterotremus, P. westermani, P. macrorchis, P. siamensis, P. harinasutai, and P. bangkokensis and can differentiate P. heterotremus from the other 5 species. The 6 Paragonimus species examined were divided into 4 groups by melting peak analysis. This assay can be useful for the detection of, and epidemiological studies on, P. heterotremus infection in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Pewpan M. Intapan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Witthaya Anamnart
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Tantrawatpan, Intapan, Thanchomnang, Sanpool, Janwan, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Departments of Parasitology (Intapan, Sanpool, Janwan, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Microbiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand (Tantrawatpan)
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang)
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