[An analysis of assessment results of prevention and control of occupational hazards in a city]

Objective: To investigate the current status of prevention and control of occupational hazards in a city in 2017, to understand the capability to prevent and control occupational hazards and the level of occupational health supervision and management, and to propose measures to urge employers to assume the main responsibility for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: An analysis of the main factors influencing the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the city was performed to screen out six semi-quantitative assessment indicators (including the training of the main responsible persons and occupational health management personnel in companies) and four qualitative assessment indicators (including the coverage of supervision and inspection of occupational hazards performed by the district safety supervision department) , which could be used to measure the prevention and control effects of regional occupational hazards. Each indicator was scored. The typical investigation method was used to do data review and on-site inspection of 170 companies, 17 district-level occupational health supervision departments, and 16 sub-district (township) occupational health supervision departments in the city from October to December, 2017. The prevention and control of occupational diseases in each district was scored, and the completion rate and completion situation of each indicator in the city were analyzed. Results: The mean score of prevention and control of occupational hazards in the city was 84.9. The scores of two districts were relatively high, being 88.9 and 88.7, respectively; the scores of 9 (52.9%) districts were higher than 85. The pass rate of training for the main responsible persons and occupational health management personnel in companies in the city was 95.9%, the pass rate of occupational health training for workers was 84.7%, the pass rate of occupational health examination for workers was 96.5%, the pass rate for the inspection of occupational hazardous factors in workplaces was 95.3%, the pass rate for notifying occupational hazards in workplaces is 95.9%, and the pass rate for applying the warning signs of occupational hazards in workplaces was 76.5%. Conclusion: The awareness of the importance of prevention and control of occupational hazards in all districts of the city has been increased, but the effectiveness of occupational health training for workers needs to be strengthened. The supply and demand of occupational health technical services are still not matched, and the ways and methods of occupational health supervision and inspection need to be improved.

The role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells

OBJECTIVE

To define the cell populations contributing to inflammation-associated respiratory impairment in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP).

METHODS

The host inflammation response was observed in CD4+ T cell-depleted mice and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleted mice infected with P. carinii via intratracheal inoculation.

RESULTS

Mice depleted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells developed infection with neither increased respiratory rate nor lung injury. In contrast, mice depleted of CD4+ T cells alone exhibited severe pulmonary inflammation, and increased respiratory rates. Respiratory compromise was associated with the presence of activated CD8+ cells and neutrophils in the BALF.

CONCLUSION

The host's inflammatory cell response to P. carinii directly impairs pulmonary function and contributes to the pathogenesis of PCP, CD8+ T cells appear to play a major role.