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Guo L, Wang L, Cai L, Zhang Y, Feng X, Zhu C, Gao W, Cardoso R, Yang H, Dai M, Brenner H, Chen H. Global Distribution of Colorectal Cancer Staging at Diagnosis: An Evidence Synthesis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)01104-2. [PMID: 39694204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. We aimed to assess the global distribution of CRC staging at diagnosis using population-based or hospital-based registry data. METHODS We systematically searched in MEDLINE and Embase from their inception until 6 December 2023. Grey literature was searched through published cancer reports. Studies from population-based or hospital-based cancer registries reporting the stage distribution of diagnosed CRC were included. We extracted stage-specific proportions among patients with CRC based on TNM, SEER, or Dukes staging systems. Subgroup analyses by sex, age, tumor site, calendar period, and status of population-based screening were performed. Correlations between the Human Development Index (HDI), Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and the distant metastatic CRC proportion were also evaluated. RESULTS 84 eligible studies/reports from 46 countries were analyzed, covering 3.8 million patients. Among 36 countries included in the main analysis, the most recent distant metastatic CRC proportions varied from 16.2% in Puerto Rico to 28.2% in Oman and Latvia, with a median (interquartile range) of 23.7% (21.8%-26.3%). Higher metastatic proportions were observed in younger patients, those with colon cancer, and those without screening implementation, with no apparent difference between males and females. Over time, some countries/regions, such as Southern Portugal (36.5% in 2000 to 22.2% in 2016), showed declining proportions of metastatic CRC, while others remained stable (e.g., Austria, Belgium) or increased (e.g., United States, Slovenia, Spain). Higher HDI and SDI were correlated with lower proportions of distant metastatic CRC (HDI: ρ=-0.48; SDI: ρ=-0.26). CONCLUSION Global disparities in CRC staging exist, indicating a need for targeted interventions to enhance early detection and management, especially in high-metastasis areas.
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He J, Hui L, Zhang JJ, Hao SJ, Feng X. [Genetic analysis of children with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss due to novel mutations/deletions of STRC bialleles]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2024; 59:1299-1304. [PMID: 39734283 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20240222-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss caused by STRC biallelic variation. Methods: A child with hearing impairment who was diagnosed at Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital on May 2022 and was selected as the research object. Peripheral blood of the child and her parents was collected, genomic DNA was extracted. IDT The xGen Exome Research Panel v2.0 whole exome capture chip was used to capture and sequence. Bioinformatics and clinical information analysis technology were used to analyze genetic data. The suspected pathogenic mutations were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(QPCR)and Sanger sequencing. Results: The child had moderate hearing loss at about 1 year and 10 months, and now she is 3 years and 6 months, the hearing loss has not worsened. Whole exome sequencing(WES) testing revealed that the child carried the STRC gene with a deletion in EXON:1-29 and variants c.4561(exon24) _c.4562(exon24)insC, inherited from the mother and father, respectively. According to the relevant guidelines of the American Society for Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), they were determined to be likely pathogenic variant and pathogenic variant. Conclusion: The discovery of c.4561(exon24) _c.4562(exon24)insC enriched the STRC variation spectrum, and provided a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and genetic counseling to the children.
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Jiang H, Acharya C, An G, Zhong M, Feng X, Wang L, Dasilva N, Song Z, Yang G, Adrian F, Qiu L, Richardson P, Munshi NC, Tai YT, Anderson KC. Retraction Note: SAR650984 directly induces multiple myeloma cell death via lysosomal-associated and apoptotic pathways, which is further enhanced by pomalidomide. Leukemia 2024; 38:2739. [PMID: 39438590 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
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Yang D, Yang D, Song Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Feng X, Zeng X, Chen Q, Li J, Dan H. Ferroptosis Induction Enhances Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy for OLK. J Dent Res 2024; 103:1227-1237. [PMID: 39394822 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241280257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is the most representative oral potentially malignant disorder, with a high risk of malignant transformation and unclear mechanisms of occurrence. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has exhibited great potential in the treatment of OLK. However, the efficacy of PDT is difficult to predict and varies from person to person. Ferroptosis-related pathways are upregulated in many cancers, and ferroptosis induction is considered to be a potential synergistic strategy for various antitumor therapies, but its role in OLK treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether ferroptosis induction can enhance the efficacy of PDT in OLK treatment. Our study revealed that solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), a component of a crucial amino acid transporter and a key negative regulator of ferroptosis, was found to be highly expressed in OLK patients with no response to PDT. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT is known to cause apoptosis and necrosis, but ferroptosis also occurred under ALA-PDT in OLK cells in our study. Using erastin to induce ferroptosis enhanced the efficacy of ALA-PDT on OLK cells by disrupting the antioxidant system and further elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, leading to increased apoptosis. Furthermore, this combined modality also enhanced the efficacy of ALA-PDT on 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK lesions in mice. In summary, ferroptosis induction may serve as a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of ALA-PDT for OLK treatment.
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Cui Y, Yu W, Feng X, Gao N, Chen H, Wang K, Ren W, Liu Y, Li J. Alginate-based injectable probiotic/squid ink composite hydrogels for accelerated wound healing of MRSA infected abscess through photothermally synergized probiotic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135302. [PMID: 39233148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections pose great challenges to skin wound care due to the severe drug resistance developed in the clinic. There is an urgent need to exploit next-generation bactericidal therapeutics that are both antibiotic-free and multifunctional for enhanced wound healing. Herein, we designed a Ca2+-crosslinked alginate hydrogel (EcNSIN@Alg) containing two naturally derived bioactive components, probiotics Escherichia coli Nissle1917 (EcN) and Squid ink nanoparticles (SIN), to treat MRSA-infected wounds. The injectable composite hydrogel displayed excellent biocompatibility, photothermal antibacterial activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging property. Importantly, the probiotic EcN can enhance the photothermal SIN to promote immune regulatory activities, shifting pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) to anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). In an MRSA-infected abscess model, EcNSIN@Alg can reduce the expression level of wound inflammatory factors and ROS, increase the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages, accelerate collagen deposition and promote wound healing. This work offers a new perspective on developing safe, antibiotic-free, multifunctional bactericides using fully bioderived materials, with potential applications in clinical practice.
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Zhang Y, Khil J, Feng X, Ugai T, Ogino S, Giovannucci E. Risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma after an appendectomy: results from three large prospective cohort studies and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:1457-1466. [PMID: 39066935 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between appendectomy and subsequent colorectal cancer risk remains unclear, and no study has examined its association with colorectal adenoma. METHODS We used data from three prospective cohorts: Health Professionals Follow-up Study, Nurses' Health Study (NHS), and NHSII. Appendectomy history was self-reported at baseline. Colorectal cancer risk was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models among 224,109 participants followed up to 32 years. Colorectal adenoma risk was evaluated among 157,490 participants with at least one lower gastrointestinal endoscopy during follow-up with logistic regression models accounting for repeated observations. We also performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies that examined association between appendectomy and colorectal cancer risk. RESULTS We documented 3,384 colorectal cancers, 13,006 conventional adenomas, and 11,519 serrated polyps during the follow-up period. Compared to participants without appendectomy, those who reported appendectomy history were not at higher risk of colorectal (HR [95% CI], 0.92 [0.84-1.00]), colon (0.92 [0.83-1.01]), or rectal (0.85 [0.70-1.03]) cancer. Similarly, appendectomy history was not associated with higher risk of conventional adenoma (OR [95% CI], 1.00 [0.97-1.02]), serrated polyp (0.97 [0.94-1.00]), or high-risk adenoma (0.96 [0.92-1.01]). The meta-analysis showed appendectomy was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer within a short time after the procedure (1.68 [1.01-2.81]), while the long-term risk was slightly inverse (0.94 [0.90-0.97]). CONCLUSION We found no evidence of an association between appendectomy history and long-term risk of colorectal cancer or its precursors. The observed higher risk of colorectal cancer right after appendectomy in the first few years is likely due to reverse causation.
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Feng X, Robbins HA, Mukeriya A, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, Lissowska J, Ognjanovic M, Swiatkowska B, Zaridze D, Brennan P, Johansson M, Sheikh M. Prognostic value of circulating proteins at diagnosis among patients with lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis by smoking status. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:2326-2339. [PMID: 39430322 PMCID: PMC11484726 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-24-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Improved prediction of prognosis among lung cancer patients could facilitate better clinical management. We aimed to study the prognostic significance of circulating proteins at the time of lung cancer diagnosis, among patients with and without smoking history. Methods We measured 91 proteins using the Olink Immune-Oncology panel in plasma samples that were collected at diagnosis from 244 never smoking and 742 ever smoking patients with stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients were recruited from nine centres in Russian Federation, Poland, Serbia, Czechia, and Romania, between 2007-2016 and were prospectively followed through 2020. We used multivariable Survey-weighted Cox models to assess the relationship between overall survival and levels of proteins by adjusting for smoking, age at diagnosis, sex, education, alcohol intake, histology, and stage. Results The 5-year survival rate was higher among never than ever smoking patients (63.1% vs. 46.6%, P<0.001). In age- and sex-adjusted survival analysis, 23 proteins were nominally associated with overall survival, but after adjustment for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing, none of the proteins showed a significant association with overall survival. In stratified analysis by smoking status, IL8 [hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.65, P=1×10-4] and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18-1.79, P=5×10-4) were associated with survival among never smokers, but no protein was found associated with survival among ever smokers. Integrating proteins into the models with clinical risk factors did not improve the predictive performance of NSCLC prognosis [C-index of 0.63 (clinical) vs. 0.64 (clinical + proteins) for ever smokers, P=0.20; C-index of 0.68 (clinical) vs. 0.72 (clinical + proteins) for never smokers, P=0.28]. Conclusions We found limited evidence of a potential for circulating immune- and cancer-related protein markers in lung cancer prognosis. Whereas some specific proteins appear to be uniquely associated with lung cancer survival in never smokers.
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Robbins HA, Feng X, Etzioni R. Cancer Stage vs Mortality End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening. JAMA 2024; 332:2823656. [PMID: 39264595 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
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Feng X, Goodley P, Alcala K, Guida F, Kaaks R, Vermeulen R, Downward GS, Bonet C, Colorado-Yohar SM, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Goldberg M, Zins M, Relton C, Langhammer A, Skogholt AH, Johansson M, Robbins HA. Evaluation of risk prediction models to select lung cancer screening participants in Europe: a prospective cohort consortium analysis. Lancet Digit Health 2024; 6:e614-e624. [PMID: 39179310 PMCID: PMC11369914 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer risk prediction models might efficiently identify individuals who should be offered lung cancer screening. However, their performance has not been comprehensively evaluated in Europe. We aimed to externally validate and evaluate the performance of several risk prediction models that predict lung cancer incidence or mortality in prospective European cohorts. METHODS We analysed 240 137 participants aged 45-80 years with a current or former smoking history from nine European countries in four prospective cohorts from the pooled database of the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium: the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (Finland), the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Norway), CONSTANCES (France), and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Norway). We evaluated ten lung cancer risk models, which comprised the Bach, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial 2012 model (PLCOm2012), the Lung Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (LCRAT), the Lung Cancer Death Risk Assessment Tool (LCDRAT), the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), the Optimized Early Warning Model for Lung Cancer Risk (OWL), the University College London-Death (UCLD), the University College London-Incidence (UCLI), the Liverpool Lung Project version 2 (LLP version 2), and the Liverpool Lung Project version 3 (LLP version 3) models. We quantified model calibration as the ratio of expected to observed cases or deaths and discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). For each model, we also identified risk thresholds that would screen the same number of individuals as each of the US Preventive Services Task Force 2021 (USPSTF-2021), the US Preventive Services Task Force 2013 (USPSTF-2013), and the Nederlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON) criteria. FINDINGS Among the participants, 1734 lung cancer cases and 1072 lung cancer deaths occurred within five years of enrolment. Most models had reasonable calibration in most countries, although the LLP version 2 overpredicted risk by more than 50% in eight countries (expected to observed ≥1·50). The PLCOm2012, LCDRAT, LCRAT, Bach, HUNT, OWL, UCLD, and UCLI models showed similar discrimination in most countries, with AUCs ranging from 0·68 (95% CI 0·59-0·77) to 0·83 (0·78-0·89), whereas the LLP version 2 and LLP version 3 showed lower discrimination, with AUCs ranging from 0·64 (95% CI 0·57-0·72) to 0·78 (0·74-0·83). When pooling data from all countries (but excluding the HUNT cohort), 33·9% (73 313 of 216 387) of individuals were eligible by USPSTF-2021 criteria, which included 74·8% (1185) of lung cancers and 76·3% (730) of lung cancer deaths occurring over 5 years. Fewer individuals were selected by USPSTF-2013 and NELSON criteria. After applying thresholds to select a population of equal size to USPSTF-2021, the PLCOm2012, LCDRAT, LCRAT, Bach, HUNT, OWL, UCLD, and UCLI, models identified 77·6%-79·1% of future cases, although they selected slightly older individuals compared with USPSTF-2021 criteria. Results were similar for USPSTF-2013 and NELSON. INTERPRETATION Several lung cancer risk prediction models showed good performance in European countries and might improve the efficiency of lung cancer screening if used in place of categorical eligibility criteria. FUNDING US National Cancer Institute, l'Institut National du Cancer, Cancer Research UK.
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Chidara V, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Air-Stable Boranes and Borinanes Encapsulated in Organogels for Anionic Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401275. [PMID: 39193865 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Organoborane reagents play a pivotal role as Lewis acids in acid-base pairs used in anionic polymerization and in other reactions; yet their high sensitivity to oxygen and moisture necessitates effective stabilization to prevent their oxidation and thus maintain their catalytic activity. In this study, we present novel encapsulation methods employing a cost-effective hexatriacontane (C36H74, C36) organogel to stabilize sensitive organoborane reagents, including triethyl borane (TEB) and a borinane-based ammonium salt (B3NBr). These organoboranes encapsulated in stable, self-standing organogel blocks enable their safe handling in open laboratory environments without the need for a glovebox. Upon heating such borane-containing organogel blocks organoboranes could be freed from the organogel and used to mediate both the homopolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and the copolymerization of PO with CO2. Furthermore, efficient recovery of the C36 gelator from polymerization mixtures is achieved, with mass recovery ranging from 70 % to 90 %. This encapsulation method offers a practical and efficient solution for stabilizing, storing, and handling highly reactive organoborane reagents, thereby broadening their applicability and utilization in various chemical transformations.
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Hanigan MD, Souza VC, Martineau R, Lapierre H, Feng X, Daley VL. A meta-analysis of the relationship between milk protein production and absorbed amino acids and digested energy in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:5587-5615. [PMID: 38490550 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Milk protein production is the largest draw on AA supplies for lactating dairy cattle. Prior NRC predictions of milk protein production have been absorbed protein (MP)-based and used a first-limiting nutrient concept to integrate the effects of energy and protein, which yielded poor accuracy and precision (root mean squared error [RMSE] >21%). Using a meta-data set gathered, various alternative equation forms considering MP, absorbed total EAA, absorbed individual EAA, and digested energy (DE) supplies as additive drivers of production were evaluated, and all were found to be superior in statistical performance to the first limitation approach (RMSE = 14%-15%). Inclusion of DE intake and a quadratic term for MP or absorbed EAA supplies were found to be necessary to achieve intercept estimates (nonproductive protein use) that were similar to the factorial estimates of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021). The partial linear slope for MP was found to be 0.409, which is consistent with the observed slope bias of -0.34 g/g when a slope of 0.67 was used for MP efficiency in a first-limiting nutrient system. Replacement of MP with the supplies of individual absorbed EAA expressed in grams per day and a common quadratic across the EAA resulted in unbiased predictions with improved statistical performance as compared with MP-based models. Based on Akaike's information criterion and biological consistency, the best equations included absorbed His, Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, the NEAA, and individual DE intakes from fatty acids, NDF, residual OM, and starch. Several also contained a term for absorbed Leu. These equations generally had RMSE of 14.3% and a concordance correlation of 0.76. Based on the common quadratic and individual linear terms, milk protein response plateaus were predicted at approximately 320 g/d of absorbed His, Ile, and Lys; 395 g/d of absorbed Thr; 550 g/d of absorbed Met; and 70 g/d of absorbed Leu. Therefore, responses to each except Leu are almost linear throughout the normal in vivo range. De-aggregation of the quadratic term and parsing to individual absorbed EAA resulted in nonbiological estimates for several EAA indicating over-parameterization. Expression of the EAA as g/100 g total absorbed EAA or as ratios of DE intake and using linear and quadratic terms for each EAA resulted in similar statistical performance, but the solutions had identifiability problems and several nonbiological parameter estimates. The use of ratios also introduced nonlinearity in the independent variables which violates linear regression assumptions. Further screening of the global model using absorbed EAA expressed as grams per day with a common quadratic using an all-models approach, and exhaustive cross-evaluation indicated the parameter estimates for BW, all 4 DE terms, His, Ile, Lys, Met, and the common quadratic term were stable, whereas estimates for Leu and Thr were known with less certainty. Use of independent and additive terms and a quadratic expression in the equation results in variable efficiencies of conversion. The additivity also provides partial substitution among the nutrients. Both of these prevent establishment of fixed nutrient requirements in support of milk protein production.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Feng X, Wu M, Shen M, Jiang H, Song J, Sun J, Chen C, Yan J, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Dong Y, Du C. [Progress of interruption of schistosomiasis transmission and prospects in Yunnan Province]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2024; 36:422-427. [PMID: 39322305 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis was once hyper-endemic in Yunnan Province. Following concerted efforts for over 70 years, remarkable achievements have been made for schistosomiasis control in the province. In 2004, the Mid- and Long-term Plan for Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control in Yunnan Province was initiated in Yunnan Province, and the target for transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in the province in 2009. Following the subsequent implementation of the Outline for Key Projects in Integrated Schistosomiasis Control Program (2009-2015) and the 13th Five - year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control in Yunnan Province, no acute schistosomiasis had been identified in Yunnan Province for successive 12 years, and no local Schistosoma japonicum infections had been detected in humans, animals or Oncomelania hupensis snails for successive 6 years in the province by the end of 2020. The transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted in Yunnan Province in 2020. This review summarizes the history of schistosomiasis, changes in schistosomiasis prevalence and progress of schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province, and proposes the future priorities for schistosomiasis control in the province.
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Mo M, Feng X, Wu C, Gong Y, Shen J, He Y, Zhou C, Wang Z, Fu C, Zheng Y. Matched-pair long-term survival analysis of male and female patients with breast cancer: a population-based study. TRANSLATIONAL BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : A JOURNAL FOCUSING ON TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BREAST CANCER 2024; 5:19. [PMID: 39184924 PMCID: PMC11342001 DOI: 10.21037/tbcr-24-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Previous studies found that the long-term survival of male breast cancer patients differed from those of female patients, however, the conclusions were contradictory. We conducted the study to examine the sex disparity in breast cancer survival by carefully controlling demographic and clinical factors using data from the Shanghai Cancer Registry (SCR). Methods Every male breast cancer patient was matched with four female patients by the diagnosis year, age, stage, and histology. We used Kaplan-Meier survival estimates to calculate the cumulative observed overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates and log-rank tests to compare the survival rates by sex. We used Cox proportional-hazards regression models to assess the association between sex and risk of death. Results A total of 50,958 patients with breast cancer (0.85% male) were registered in the SCR between 2002 and 2013. After matching, 434 male and 1,736 female patients were included in the study. With a median follow-up of 10 years, men with breast cancer showed worse OS (P<0.001) and CSS (P<0.001) than did women. The 5- and 10-year OS rates for male and female patients were 67.27% and 77.75%, and 45.95% and 62.60%, respectively; the 5- and 10-year CSS rates for male and female patients were 70.19% and 79.79%, and 50.57% and 67.20%, respectively. Compared with women, men had 65% increased risk of overall death [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42-1.92] and 70% increased risk of cancer-specific death (95% CI: 1.44-2.00). Conclusions This study found male patients with breast cancer had poorer long-term survival than women in China.
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Jin T, Zheng H, Feng X, Wu T, Yang K, Huang Y. MiR-539-3p Alleviates Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Chondrocytes of Childhood-Onset Osteoarthritis by Targeting RUNX2. Physiol Res 2024; 73:415-426. [PMID: 39027958 PMCID: PMC11299779 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified that miR-539-3p impedes chondrogenic differentiation, yet its specific role and underlying mechanisms in childhood-onset osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. This study found that miR-539-3p levels were considerably lower in cartilage samples derived from childhood-onset OA patients compared to the control group. Enhancing miR-539-3p expression or suppressing RUNX2 expression notably reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in OA chondrocytes. In contrast, reducing miR-539-3p or increasing RUNX2 had the opposite effects. RUNX2 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-539-3p. Further experiments demonstrated that miR-539-3p targeting RUNX2 effectively lessened apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation in OA chondrocytes, accompanied by changes in key molecular markers like reduced caspase-3 and matrix etallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) levels, and increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COL2A1). This study underscores the pivotal role of miR-539-3p in alleviating inflammation and ECM degradation in childhood-onset OA through targeting RUNX2, offering new insights for potential therapeutic strategies against this disease.
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Feng X, Zahed H, Onwuka J, Callister MEJ, Johansson M, Etzioni R, Robbins HA. Cancer Stage Compared With Mortality as End Points in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA 2024; 331:1910-1917. [PMID: 38583868 PMCID: PMC11000135 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Importance Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening. Objective To compare cancer-specific mortality with stage III-IV cancer as end points in randomized clinical trials of cancer screening. Design, Setting, and Participants This meta-analysis included 41 randomized clinical trials of cancer screening conducted in Europe, North America, and Asia published through February 19, 2024. Data extracted included numbers of participants, cancer diagnoses, and cancer deaths in the intervention and comparison groups. For each clinical trial, the effect of screening was calculated as the percentage reduction between the intervention and comparison groups in the incidence of participants with cancer-specific mortality and stage III-IV cancer. Exposures Randomization to a cancer screening test or to a comparison group in a clinical trial of cancer screening. Main Outcomes and Measures End points of cancer-specific mortality and incidence of stage III-IV cancer were compared using Pearson correlation coefficients with 95% CIs, linear regression, and fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results The included randomized clinical trials tested benefits of screening for breast (n = 6), colorectal (n = 11), lung (n = 12), ovarian (n = 4), prostate (n = 4), and other cancers (n = 4). Correlation between reductions in cancer-specific mortality and stage III-IV cancer varied by cancer type (I2 = 65%; P = .02). Correlation was highest for trials that screened for ovarian (Pearson ρ = 0.99 [95% CI, 0.51-1.00]) and lung (Pearson ρ = 0.92 [95% CI, 0.72-0.98]) cancers, moderate for breast cancer (Pearson ρ = 0.70 [95% CI, -0.26 to 0.96]), and weak for colorectal (Pearson ρ = 0.39 [95% CI, -0.27 to 0.80]) and prostate (Pearson ρ = -0.69 [95% CI, -0.99 to 0.81]) cancers. Slopes from linear regression were estimated as 1.15 for ovarian cancer, 0.75 for lung cancer, 0.40 for colorectal cancer, 0.28 for breast cancer, and -3.58 for prostate cancer, suggesting that a given magnitude of reduction in incidence of stage III-IV cancer produced different magnitudes of change in incidence of cancer-specific mortality (P for heterogeneity = .004). Conclusions and Relevance In randomized clinical trials of cancer screening, incidence of late-stage cancer may be a suitable alternative end point to cancer-specific mortality for some cancer types, but is not suitable for others. These results have implications for clinical trials of multicancer screening tests.
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Yuan Y, Shi XY, Ma XY, Xie XY, Wu CH, Zhang LQ, Li XZ, Wang P, Feng X. [Identification of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using WGCNA combined with machine learning algorithms]. ZHONGHUA ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2024; 59:560-572. [PMID: 38965846 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20240202-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To identify diagnostic markers related to oxidative stress in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) by analyzing transcriptome sequencing data, and to investigate their roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Utilizing four CRSwNP sequencing datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and three machine learning methods for Hub gene selection were performed in this study. Subsequent validation was carried out using external datasets, as well as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining of clinical samples. Moreover, the diagnostic efficacy of the genes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, followed by functional and pathway enrichment analysis, immune-related analysis, and cell population localization. Additionally, a competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA) network was constructed to predict potential drug targets. Statistical analysis and plotting were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Graphpad Prism9 software. Results: Through data analysis and clinical validation, CP, SERPINF1 and GSTO2 were identified among 4 138 DEGs as oxidative stress markers related to CRSwNP. Specifically, the expression of CP and SERPINF1 increased in CRSwNP, whereas that of GSTO2 decreased, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Additionally, an area under the curve (AUC)>0.7 indicated their effectiveness as diagnostic indicators. Importantly, functional analysis indicated that these genes were mainly related to lipid metabolism, cell adhesion migration, and immunity. Single-cell data analysis revealed that SERPINF1 was mainly distributed in epithelial cells, stromal cells, and fibroblasts, while CP was primarily located in epithelial cells, and GSTO2 was minimally present in the epithelial cells and fibroblasts of nasal polyps. Consequently, a CeRNA regulatory network was constructed for the genes CP and GSTO2. This construction allowed for the prediction of potential drugs that could target CP. Conclusion: This study successfully identifies CP, SERPINF1 and GSTO2 as diagnostic and therapeutic markers related to oxidative stress in CRSwNP.
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Hu HH, Mu T, Zhang ZB, Zhang JX, Feng X, Han LY, Hao F, Ma YF, Jiang Y, Ma Y. Genetic analysis of health traits and their associations with longevity, fertility, production, and conformation traits in Holstein cattle. Animal 2024; 18:101177. [PMID: 38797058 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Health traits have high economic values in dairy cattle breeding, which can cause considerable financial loss through involuntary culling. In this study, fourteen health traits were analysed, including five composite health traits: reproductive disorders, udder health (UH), digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, locomotory diseases (LD), and nine independent health traits: gestation disorders and peripartum disorders, irregular estrus cycle and sterility, metritis (ME), mastitis (MA), abomasal displacement (AD), enteritis (EN), and ketosis, claw diseases (CD), laminitis complex. This study analysed variance components for health traits through both single and bivariate repeatability animal models. All health traits showed low heritability, ranging from 0.001 to 0.025. Most of the health traits in five categories showed negative genetic correlations, ranging from -0.012 (CD and EN) to -0.634 (ME and EN). Strong positive genetic correlations appeared within the same category, ranging from 0.469 (EN and AD) to 0.994 (UH and MA, LD and CD). Furthermore, approximate genetic correlations were evaluated between health traits and routinely collected traits (longevity, fertility, production, and conformation). In general, the low to moderate approximate genetic correlations were estimated between health traits and routinely collected traits. The estimated correlations between health traits and longevity, fertility, production, and conformation traits could provide an indirect reference for disease-resistance breeding in Holstein cattle.
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Feng X, Tao J, Wang Y, Long AY, He LJ, Zhang N. [Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma in children]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 53:483-485. [PMID: 38678331 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20231026-00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Child
- Male
- Child, Preschool
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/pathology
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/metabolism
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/genetics
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/diagnosis
- Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous/surgery
- Actins/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/metabolism
- 12E7 Antigen/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
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Shen L, Ding J, Wang Y, Fan W, Feng X, Liu K, Qin X, Shao Z, Li R. Spatial-temporal trends in leprosy burden and its associations with socioeconomic and physical geographic factors: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Public Health 2024; 230:172-182. [PMID: 38560955 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to assess the multiscalar changes in leprosy burden and its associated risk factors over the last three decades. STUDY DESIGN We conducted an in-depth examination of leprosy's spatial-temporal trends at multiple geographical scale (global, regional, and national), utilizing information from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019). METHODS Incidence and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leprosy were determined, with countries categorized based on leprosy incidence changes. We examined socioeconomic and physical geography influences on leprosy incidence via Spearman correlation analysis, using ternary phase diagrams to reveal the synergetic effects on leprosy occurrence. RESULTS Globally, incident cases of leprosy decreased by 27.86% from 1990 to 2019, with a reduction in ASIR (EAPC = -2.53), yet trends were not homogeneous across regions. ASIR and EAPC correlated positively with sociodemographic index (SDI), and an ASIR growth appeared in high SDI region (EAPC = 3.07). Leprosy burden was chiefly distributed in Tropical Latin America, Oceania, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Negative correlations were detected between the incidence of leprosy and factors of SDI, GDP per capita, urban population to total population, and precipitation, whereas the number of refugee population, temperature, and elevation showed opposite positive results. CONCLUSIONS Despite a global decline in leprosy over the past three decades, the disparities of disease occurrence at regional and national scales still persisted. Socioeconomic and physical geographic factors posed an obvious influence on the transmission risk of leprosy. The persistence and regional fluctuations of leprosy incidence necessitate the ongoing dynamic and multilayered control strategies worldwide in combating this ancient disease.
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Doyle RS, Lonigro N, Allcock JS, Silburn SA, Turner MM, Feng X, Leggate H. Development and calibration of a multi-delay coherence imaging diagnostic on the MAST-U tokamak. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:053505. [PMID: 38743571 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The MAST-U Super-X divertor provides the opportunity to study fusion plasma exhaust under novel conditions. However, in order to study these conditions, advanced diagnostics are required. Following the development of the MAST-U Multi-Wavelength Imaging (MWI) diagnostic, we present the installation of a multi-delay coherence imaging spectroscopy (CIS) system within the MAST-U MWI, along with modifications made to the MWI for effective operation. This diagnostic will measure either carbon ion flow velocities and temperatures or electron densities through Dγ emission. We have extended previously developed techniques for wavelength calibration to account for errors due to the misalignment of interferometer components. In addition, we have developed a comprehensive calibration procedure to account for the temperature dependence of the instrument's delays by fitting to a linearly modified version of the delay equation presented by Veiras et al. [Appl. Opt. 49(15), 2769 (2010)]. Together, these procedures reduce the cost and hardware complexity of implementing CIS instruments when compared to those that use in situ or tunable laser calibration systems, as calibrations can be generated to good accuracy using previously measured data.
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Yang Q, Yi SH, Fu BS, Zhang T, Zeng KN, Feng X, Yao J, Tang H, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang YC, Yi HM, Lyu HJ, Liu JR, Luo GJ, Ge M, Yao WF, Ren FF, Zhuo JF, Luo H, Zhu LP, Ren J, Lyu Y, Wang KX, Liu W, Chen GH, Yang Y. [Clinical application of split liver transplantation: a single center report of 203 cases]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2024; 62:324-330. [PMID: 38432674 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20231225-00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the safety and therapeutic effect of split liver transplantation (SLT) in clinical application. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study. The clinical data of 203 consecutive SLT, 79 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and 1 298 whole liver transplantation (WLT) performed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Two hundred and three SLT liver grafts were obtained from 109 donors. One hundred and twenty-seven grafts were generated by in vitro splitting and 76 grafts were generated by in vivo splitting. There were 90 adult recipients and 113 pediatric recipients. According to time, SLT patients were divided into two groups: the early SLT group (40 cases, from July 2014 to December 2017) and the mature SLT technology group (163 cases, from January 2018 to July 2023). The survival of each group was analyzed and the main factors affecting the survival rate of SLT were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis. Results: The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 74.58%, 71.47%, and 71.47% in the early SLT group, and 88.03%, 87.23%, and 87.23% in the mature SLT group, respectively. Survival rates in the mature SLT group were significantly higher than those in the early SLT group (χ2=5.560,P=0.018). The cumulative survival rates at 1-, 3- and 5-year were 93.41%, 93.41%, 89.95% in the LDLT group and 87.38%, 81.98%, 77.04% in the WLT group, respectively. There was no significant difference among the mature SLT group, the LDLT group and the WLT group (χ2=4.016, P=0.134). Abdominal hemorrhage, infection, primary liver graft nonfunction,and portal vein thrombosis were the main causes of early postoperative death. Conclusion: SLT can achieve results comparable to those of WLT and LDLT in mature technology liver transplant centers, but it needs to go through a certain time learning curve.
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Chen X, Luo C, Liu Y, Li T, Zhang H, Feng X. Effects of soyhulls with different particle size on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:191-202. [PMID: 38416127 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soyhulls with different particle sizes on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers.2. Total of 240 healthy, one-day-old, yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into four groups, with six pen replicates within each group and ten birds per pen. The control group birds were fed the basal diet (Control). For the treatment groups, 5% soyhulls with different particle sizes were included in the basal diet. The particle size geometric mean diameters (dgw) of the soyhulls in the three treatment groups were 299.69 μm (LowPS), 489.85 μm (MediumPS) and 734.83 μm (HighPS) with geometric standard deviation (Sgw) 1.75 μm, 1.62 μm and 1.67 μm, respectively.3. Results showed that the growth performance variables and organ indices were not different among the four groups. The MediumPS group had increased TG, T-CHO, ALT, HDL-C, and GSH-PX levels and decreased T-AOC levels, whereas LowPS and HighPS groups had increased HDL-C and GSH-PX levels (p < 0.05). Microbial diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers mainly included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Inclusion of 5% soyhulls with different particle size had no effect on alpha diversity indices of caecal microbiota. The HighPS group had significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes spp. and lower Bacteroidetes spp. compared with the LowPS and MediumPS group but this was not different from the Control group. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria spp. was significantly higher in the HighPS group than the other three groups. LEfSe analysis showed that there were more enriched biomarker taxa in the groups with soyhulls than the control group.4. Overall, the inclusion of soyhulls with different particle sizes had limited effects on growth performance, blood indices and caecal microbiota composition of yellow feather broilers.
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Luo S, Feng X, Lin L, Li J, Chen W, Guo VY. Association of adverse and positive childhood experiences with health-related quality of life in adolescents. Public Health 2024; 228:92-99. [PMID: 38340507 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the independent impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Chinese adolescents, and to explore the potential moderating role of PCEs in the association between ACEs and HRQOL. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS We surveyed 6982 students aged 11-20 in Guangzhou, China, from November to December 2021. Adolescents self-reported their ACEs, PCEs, and HRQOL by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, and the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0, respectively. Multivariable linear regressions were performed to examine the associations between ACEs, PCEs, and HRQOL controlled for adolescents' age, gender, single-child status, boarding school attendance, primary caregivers, as well as parental age and occupational status. Likelihood-ratio tests were further applied to explore the moderating role of PCEs. RESULTS In the models that considered both ACEs and PCEs, ACEs were significantly associated with lower HRQOL scores in all dimensions, summary scales, and total scale (β = -13.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.82, -12.94 for total scale). Conversely, exposure to an above-average number of PCEs was associated with higher HRQOL scores in all measured aspects (β = 7.20, 95%CI: 6.57, 7.84 for total scale). PCEs significantly moderated the association between ACEs and all HRQOL dimensions, summary scales, and total scale, except school functioning. CONCLUSION ACEs and PCEs exert independent and opposite impacts on adolescents' HRQOL. PCEs could mitigate the negative impacts of ACEs. Enhancing resilience, like PCEs, may contribute to improving the HRQOL among adolescents who have exposed to ACEs.
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Wang J, Feng X, Yuan W, Zhang J, Zhu S, Xu L, Li H, Song J, Rao X, Liao S, Wang Z, Si H. Development of terpenoid repellents against Aedes albopictus: a combined study of biological activity evaluation and computational modelling. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 35:71-89. [PMID: 38323577 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2306327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
To explore novel terpenoid repellents, 22 candidate terpenoid derivatives were synthesized and tested for their electroantennogram (EAG) responses and repellent activities against Aedes albopictus. The results from the EAG experiments revealed that 5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl formate (compound 1) induced distinct EAG responses in female Aedes albopictus. At concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/L, the EAG response values for compound 1 were 179.59, 183.99, 190.38, 193.80, and 196.66 mV, demonstrating comparable or superior effectiveness to DEET. Repellent activity analysis indicated significant repellent activity for compound 1, closest to the positive control DEET. The in silico assessment of the ADMET profile of compound 1 indicates that it successfully passed the ADMET evaluation. Molecular docking studies exhibited favourable binding of compound 1 to the active site of the odorant binding protein (OBP) of Aedes albopictus, involving hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bond interactions with residues in the OBP pocket. The QSAR model highlighted the influential role of hydrogen-bonding receptors, positively charged surface area of weighted atoms, polarity parameters of molecules, and maximum nuclear-nuclear repulsion force of carbon-carbon bonds on the relative EAG response values of the tested compounds. This study holds substantial significance for the advancement of new terpenoid repellents.
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Feng X, Zhang L, Hou Y, Ma W, Ma J, Chang X, Yang L. Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Causal Factors behind Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Evidence, Opportunities, and Challenges. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:749-758. [PMID: 38706291 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and its comorbidities pose a heavy disease burden globally, and its treatment remains a major challenge. Identifying the protective and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, as well as its possible underlying molecular processes, can facilitate the development of interventions that can slow its progression. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials have provided some evidence regarding potential risk factors for Alzheimer's disease; however, the results of these studies vary. Mendelian randomization is a novel epidemiological methodology primarily used to infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes. Many Mendelian randomization studies have identified potential causal relationships between Alzheimer's disease and certain diseases, lifestyle habits, and biological exposures, thus providing valuable data for further mechanistic studies and the development and implementation of clinical prevention strategies. However, the results and data from Mendelian randomization studies must be interpreted based on comprehensive evidence. Moreover, the existing Mendelian randomization studies on the epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease have some limitations that are worth exploring. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the available evidence on the potential protective and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease by assessing published Mendelian randomization studies on Alzheimer's disease, and to provide new perspectives on the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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