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Zhao HX, Yu ZM, Geng Y, Li Y, Wang WL, Tao XG, Guo R, Yang Z, Hu JQ. [Exploration on origin of Simiao Yong'an Decoction]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:1209-1212. [PMID: 32237467 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200103.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simiao Yong'an Decoction is composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scrophulariae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, which was chosen as one of the 100 classic prescriptions in Catalogue of Ancient Classics Prescription(the first batch). Through tracing to the source, It was found that the Simiao Yong'an Decoction(but not named) originated from the Shi Shi Mi Lu, and was later cited by books such as Ancient and Modern Book Integration-Full Record of Medical Department and New Edition of Useful Prescriptions. Literature shows that this prescription was not named until first reported in the Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Arterial Embolism Gangrene in 1956 by a journalist LYU Min. This article recorded that SHIJIA Baoshan, a monk from Hebei Province, used self-named "Simiao Yong'an Decoction" to treat local arterial embolic gangrene. After comparison, there was two difference between ancient books and SHIJIA Baoshan's records. Firstly, according to ancient books, the composition and dosage of Simiao Yong'an Decoction is Lonicerae Japonicae Flos 90 g, Scrophulariae Radix 90 g, Angelicae Sinensis Radix 60 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome 30 g", and the ratio is 3∶3∶2∶1. By SHIJIA Baoshan's record, the composition and dosage are: Lonicerae Japonicae Flos 66 g, Scrophulariae Radix 132 g, Angelicae Sinensis Radix 99 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome 33 g, and the ratio changed to 2∶4∶3∶1. Secondly, ancient books show that patients can be healed after taking seven or ten days of the previous prescription, however, it would take 3 or 4 months, even 7 months in SHIJIA Baoshan's records. It can be considered that the previous prescription should be used at the beginning of gangrene, while the modified Simiao Yong'an Decoction by SHIJIA Baoshan is widely used in the middle and late stages of gangrene, even the critical condition, that is the reason for longer treatment and larger dosage. Nowadays, Simiao Yong'an Decoction is not limited to the treatment of gangrene and bulla in clinic. Relevant studies have confirmed that Simiao Yong'an Decoction has the effects such as anti-inflammatory, plaque stabilization, lipid-lowering, vascular protection, improvement of hemorheology, anticoagulation, inhibition of thrombosis and fibrinolysis, etc. In the follow-up, we should carry out the analysis of the compatibility of this four medicines, and redefine the scope of its clinical application under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhao
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Min Yu
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Geng
- Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wen-Lai Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xu-Guang Tao
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing-Qing Hu
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Gao H, Wang YF, Huang K, Han Y, Zhu YD, Zhang QF, Xiang HY, Qi J, Feng LL, Zhu P, Hao JH, Tao XG, Tao FB. Prenatal phthalate exposure in relation to gestational age and preterm birth in a prospective cohort study. Environ Res 2019; 176:108530. [PMID: 31220737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study enrolled 3266 pregnant women, to explore the relationship of prenatal phthalate exposure with the risk of preterm birth and gestational age. All participants filled questionnaires and provided with up to three urine samples during three trimesters. Seven phthalate metabolites in urines were measured. The incidences of very preterm, late preterm, early-term, late-term and postterm births were 0.58%, 3.52%, 24.22%, 10.53%, and 0.34%, respectively. Non-linear relationships were shown between phthalate metabolites and gestational age. Except for monomethyl phthalate (OR = 1.65, 95%CI = 1.17-2.34), the average concentrations of phthalate metabolites were associated with a slightly and insignificantly increased risk of overall preterm birth (<37+0 gestational weeks). Through a restricted cubic spline regression, phthalate metabolites were found to be related to the risk of overall preterm birth in a linear manner (p-value >0.05) or a non-linear manner (p-value <0.05). All curves indicated the overall preterm birth risk rose with the increase of phthalate metabolite concentrations. Finally, compared with full-term birth (39+0 to 40+6 gestational weeks), phthalate metabolites were associated with the elevated risks of very preterm, late preterm and postterm births, although some relationships were not statistically significant. In conclusion, these findings suggested non-linear associations between phthalate metabolites and gestational age. Exposure to some phthalate metabolites was associated with increased risks of overall preterm birth and postterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Fei Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Duo Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hai-Yun Xiang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Juan Qi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lan-Lan Feng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu-Guang Tao
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Gao H, Zhu BB, Tao XY, Zhu YD, Tao XG, Tao FB. Temporal Variability of Cumulative Risk Assessment on Phthalates in Chinese Pregnant Women: Repeated Measurement Analysis. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:6585-6591. [PMID: 29741095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the combined effects of multiple phthalate exposures at low levels is a newly developed concept to avoid underestimating their actual cumulative health risk. A previous study included 3455 Chinese pregnant women. Each woman provided up to three urine samples (in total 9529). This previous study characterized the concentrations of phthalate metabolites. In the present study, the data from 9529 samples was reanalyzed to examine the cumulative risk assessment (CRA) with two models: (1) the creatinine-based and (2) the volume-based. Hazard index (HI) values for three phthalates, dibutyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, were calculated, respectively. In creatinine-based model, 3.43%, 14.63%, and 17.28% of women showed HI based on the European Food Safety Authority tolerable daily intake exceeding 1 in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient of HI was 0.49 (95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.53). Spearman correlations between HI of the creatinine model and ∑androgen disruptor (a developed potency weighted approach) ranged from 0.824 to 0.984. In summary, this study suggested a considerable risk of cumulative exposure to phthalates during the whole gestation in Chinese pregnant women. In addition, moderate temporal reproducibility indicated that single HI, estimated by the phthalate concentration in single spot of urine, seemed representative to describe the throughout pregnancy CRA. Finally, strong correlation between HI of the creatinine model and ∑androgen disruptor revealed that the creatinine-based model was more appropriate to evaluate the CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
| | - Xing-Yong Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
| | - Yuan-Duo Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
| | - Xu-Guang Tao
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics , Hefei , Anhui Province 230032 , China
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Zhang YW, Gao H, Mao LJ, Tao XY, Ge X, Huang K, Zhu P, Hao JH, Wang QN, Xu YY, Jin ZX, Sheng J, Xu YQ, Yan SQ, Tao XG, Tao FB. Effects of the phthalate exposure during three gestation periods on birth weight and their gender differences: A birth cohort study in China. Sci Total Environ 2018; 613-614:1573-1578. [PMID: 28886917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate has been widely used as a type of plasticiser in various consuming products in daily life. Recent studies have suggested that prenatal phthalate exposure may have adverse effects on fetal development. We aimed to identify the effects of in utero phthalate exposure on birth weight (BW). We evaluated a birth cohort comprising 3474 pregnant women and their single infants; 3103, 2975 and 2838 urine samples were collected in the first, second and third trimesters, respectively. Phthalate metabolites included monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), which were analysed in the urine by using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mixed linear model was used in the statistical analysis. Generally, MMP and MEP exposure during pregnancy was associated with decreased birth weight of infants (MMP, β=-12.192, p=0.009; MEP, β=-11.876, p=0.014). Hierarchical analysis found that MMP and MEOHP exposure was associated with decreased infants' birth weight only in low birth weight groups (MMP, β=-42.538, p=0.005; MEOHP, β=-63.224, p=0.008); MEHP and MEHHP exposure was associated with decreased infants' birth weight in both low birth weight group (MEHP, β=-42.348, p=0.035; MEHHP, β=-50.485, p=0.006) and high birth weight group (MEHP, β=-16.580, p=0.034; MEHHP, β=-18.009, p=0.040), MBP and MEHP exposure were associated with increased infants' birth weight in male NBW group (MBP, β=10.438, p=0.039; MEHP, β=13.223, p=0.017). Moreover, the effect has sex difference. The reduction of birth weight associated with MEHP and MEOHP exposure was stronger in male infants, while MMP and MEP exposure was more significant in female infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei-Jing Mao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yong Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Ye-Qing Xu
- Ma'anshan Women and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Shuang-Qin Yan
- Ma'anshan Women and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, China
| | | | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Gao H, Zhang YW, Huang K, Yan SQ, Mao LJ, Ge X, Xu YQ, Xu YY, Sheng J, Jin ZX, Zhu P, Tao XG, Hao JH, Tao FB. Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in early pregnancy associated with clinical pregnancy loss in Chinese women. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6800. [PMID: 28754983 PMCID: PMC5533765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited evidence revealed conflicting results on relationship between phthalate exposure and clinical pregnancy loss (gestational weeks >6). A prospective cohort study in Chinese pregnant women (n = 3220) was conducted to investigate the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and clinical pregnancy loss (gestational weeks 6 to 27; n = 109). Morning urine samples during gestational weeks 5 to 14 (mean 10.42) were collected to measure monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP). The concentrations of low- and high-molecular weight phthalate metabolites (ΣLMWP <250 Da and ΣHMWP >250 Da) were calculated. Adjusted logistic regression models showed increased risks of clinical pregnancy loss in women with higher creatinine- normalized concentrations of MEP, MBP, MEOHP, MEHHP, ΣLMWP and ΣHMWP. Stratified analysis by gestational weeks (10 weeks) of miscarriage indicated positive associations of MEP, MEOHP, MEHHP and ΣHMWP with embryonic loss (during gestational weeks 6 to 10). The only association of foetal loss (during gestational weeks 11 to 27) was observed with MEHHP. Our findings suggested that Chinese women who were exposed to phthalates during early pregnancy had an increased risk of clinical pregnancy loss, especially embryonic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang-Qin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Lei-Jing Mao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ye-Qing Xu
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu-Guang Tao
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Wu X, Matanoski G, Chen VW, Saraiya M, Coughlin SS, King JB, Tao XG. Descriptive epidemiology of vaginal cancer incidence and survival by race, ethnicity, and age in the United States. Cancer 2008; 113:2873-82. [PMID: 18980291 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal cancer is a rare malignancy. It has many of the same risk factors as cervical cancer, including a strong association with persistent human papillomavirus infection. Descriptive studies of the epidemiology of vaginal cancer are scarce in the literature. METHODS The 1998 through 2003 incidence data from 39 population-based cancer registries were used, covering up to 83% of the US population. The 1996 through 2003 data from 17 cancer registries were used for survival analysis. Incidence rates, disease stage, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated by race, ethnicity, and age group. Data analysis focused mainly on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). RESULTS Incidence rates for all vaginal cancers combined were 0.18 per 100,000 female population for in situ cases and 0.69 for invasive cases. The median age of invasive cases was older than that of in situ cases (aged 68 years vs 58 years). SCC was the most common histologic type (71% of in situ cases and 66% of invasive cases). Compared with the rate for white women, the age-adjusted incidence rate of invasive SCC was 72% higher (P < .05) among black women, whereas the rate among Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women was 34% lower (P < .05). Hispanic women had a 38% higher rate than non-Hispanic women (P < .05) of invasive SCC. The rates for in situ SCC peaked at age 70 years and then declined, whereas the rates of invasive SCC increased continuously with advancing age. Black, API, and Hispanic women as well as older women were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage disease, and these groups had lower 5-year relative survival rates than their white, non-Hispanic, and younger counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Incidence rates of vaginal SCC varied significantly by race, ethnicity, and age group. Black, API, and Hispanic women as well as older women had a high proportion of late-stage disease and a low 5-year survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Wu
- Louisiana Tumor Registry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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Abstract
A study of pulp and paper mill workers indicated low risks of death from all causes (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.74) and all cancers (SMR = 0.81) compared with U.S. rates. The leukemia death rate in workers was not higher than the U.S. rate but was higher than the rate in county populations surrounding mills. Workers whose last jobs were in the finishing areas of the mills had an elevated SMR for liver cancer. An internal comparison of occupational characteristics indicated that workers employed in mills using other chemical pulping operations had significantly elevated mortality from all causes, all cancers, heart disease, lymphomas, and brain cancers. Lung cancer mortality was elevated in mills using kraft pulping. The internal comparisons confirmed the association between work in finishing and the risk of liver cancer. This study was designed to investigate whether pulp and paper mill workers have any risks that would indicate the need for studies detailing exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Matanoski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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