Synthesis of a carbazole substituted unusual cobalt(ii)dioxime complex to design conducting polymers with caged metal centers for enhanced optical and electrical properties

Unique optical and electrical properties have been obtained by synthesis of the polycarbazole based conductive metallopolymer with caged metal centers.

Synthesis, characterization and structural computational investigation of novel Zn(II) phthalocyanines containing peripheral anthracene moieties

New zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc-I and ZnPc-II) containing four peripheral anthracene pendant groups were synthesized by cyclotetramerization of (E)-4-(3-(4-((anthracen-9-yl-methylene)amino)phenoxy)propoxy)phthalonitrile and 4-(3-(4-((anthracen-9-ylmethyl)amino)phenoxy)propoxy)phthalonitrile. All compounds were characterized using a combination of analytical and spectroscopic techniques such 1H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. The molecular geometry and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and [Formula: see text]C chemical shift values of the compounds in the ground state have also been calculated using B3LYP with the 6–31G([Formula: see text] basis set. The chemical shift of the optimized molecular structure is compared with the experimental chemical shift values.

Stereoselective Photochemistry of Substituted Chalcones in Solution and their Antioxidant Activities

Three new δ-truxinic type cyclobutanes [(1β,2α)-di-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-(3β,4α)-di-(4-methoxyphenyl) cyclo butane (4), (1β,2α)-di-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-(3β,4α)-di-(4-ethylphenyl) cyclobutane (5), and (1β,2α)-di-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-(3β,4α)-di-(4-ethylphenyl) cyclobutane (6)] have been prepared by stereoselective photodimerisation of the corresponding chalcone monomers (1-3) in solution. NMR and MS of the dimers are discussed. The precursor chalcones and the dimeric products showed antioxidant activities to different extents with respect to the individual compounds as well as to the antioxidant methods used.

Comparative Investigation of Peripheral and Nonperipheral Zinc Phthalocyanine-Based Polycarbazoles in Terms of Optical, Electrical, and Sensing Properties

In this study, nonperipherally alkyl-linked carbazole conjugated novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine was synthesized by cyclotetramerization reaction of 6-(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)hexane-1-thiol and 3,6-bis(tosyloxy) phthalonitrile in a one-step reaction. Optical, electrical, and sensing properties of this super structured polycarbazole obtained by electropolymerization are compared with peripherally alkyl-linked polycarbazole-based zinc(II) phthalocyanine. It has been found that the attachment of alkyl-linked carbazoles to the phthalocyanine molecule in either peripheral or nonperipheral positions has a great effect on the optical and electrical properties and sensing ability of the resulting polycarbazole derivatives. P(n-ZnPc) has the highest electrochromic contrast (70.5%) among the derivatives of zinc(II) phthalocyanines in the literature. In addition to these, the sensor platform has been successfully established, and analytical optimizations have been carried out. When the sensors prepared with zinc(II) phthalocyanine are examined, it was specified that the n-ZnPc- co-TP/GOx was ranked first in the literature with high sensor response and stability. As a result, by changing of the peripheral and nonperipheral position of phthalocyanines, their physical properties can be tuned to meet the requirements of desired technological application.

Synthesis, characterization and computational investigation of novel metalloporphyrazines containing 15-membered O2S2-donor macrocyclic moieties

New metalloporphyrazines (MgPz, ZnPz) containing peripheral tetrasubstitutions derived from 7,8-dihydro-6[Formula: see text],14[Formula: see text],19[Formula: see text]-dibenzo[bj][1,12,5,8]-dioxadithiacyclopentadecine-16,17-dicarbonitrile (6) have been synthesized by a multistep reaction sequence and characterized. Compound 6 has been prepared by the reaction of 1,3-di(2-bromomethyl phenoxy) propane (3) or 1,3-di(2-iodomethylphenoxy) propane (4) which were prepared via bromination or iodination of {2-[3-(2-hydroxymethylphenoxy)propoxy]-phenyl}methanol (2) and cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate (5). The novel magnesium porphyrazine was prepared by the cyclotetramerization reaction of 6 with magnesium butoxide. The one-step synthesis of porphyrazinato zinc complex has been achieved without a reaction sequence by using dicyano compound (6) and zinc butoxide. The prediction of the geometry optimization, normal mode frequencies, [Formula: see text]H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, UV absorption spectra, chemical shifts, electronic properties and NBO analysis of the compound were examined by using B3LYP method with a 6-31G([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] basis set. These novel compounds were characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, [Formula: see text]H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. An X-ray crystal structure of dicarbodinitrile compound (6) was also investigated.

Synthesis, characterization and photochemical properties of metallo porphyrazines substituted with alkyl linked carbazole, benzoazepine and phenothiazine moieties

Novel octa-phenotiazine, octa-benzoazepine and octa-carbazole substituted magnesium(II) (MgPz-I-III) and zinc(II) (ZnPz-I-III) porphyrazines were synthesized from 2,3-bis[6-(4a,10a-dihydro-phenothiazin-10-yl)-hexylsulfanyl]-but-2-enedinitrile (5), 2,3-bis [6-(4a,11a-dihydro-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-hexysulfan-yl]-but-2-enedinitrile (8) and 2,3-bis(6-carbazol-9-yl-hexylsulfanyl)-but-2-enedinitrile (10), respectively. These dinitrile derivatives 5, 8 and 10 were also prepared by the reaction of 1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate di-sodium salt (4) with 10-(6-bromohexyl)-10H-phenothiazine (3), 5-(6-bromohexyl)-5H-diben-zo[b,f]azepine (7) and 9-(6-bromo-hexyl)-9H-carbazole (9), respectively. Porphyrazino-zinc(II) complexes were synthesized by one-step reaction using Zn(BuO)[Formula: see text] as a template agent. All the novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic methods such as [Formula: see text]H NMR, [Formula: see text]C NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass. The photochemical properties including photodegradation and singlet oxygen generation for magnesium(II) and zinc (II) porphyrazine complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide solutions for determination of their photosensitizer behaviors.

Zinc(II) phthalocyanine fused in peripheral positions octa-substituted with alkyl linked carbazole: Synthesis, electropolymerization and its electro-optic and biosensor applications

Zinc(II) phthalocyanine fused in peripheral positions octa-substituted with alkyl linked carbazole has been prepared by cyclomerization reaction of 4,5-bis(6-carbazole-9-yl-hexylsulfanil)phthalonitrile in the presence of anhydro Zn(II) acetate and a strong organic base (DBU). Synthesis steps were optimized and higher efficiency synthesis was achieved. The purpose of combining of carbazole moieties with phthalocyanine on the peripheral position is to enhance some properties such as photo and electrochemical properties because of strong electron-donating properties of carbazole group. This molecule has been electrochemically polymerized and the electrical and optical properties of the resulting conductive polymer have been investigated. Amperometric detection was carried out following oxygen consumption at -0.7V vs. the Ag reference electrode in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH 6.0). The novel biosensor showed a linear amperometric response for glucose within a concentration range of 0.05mM to 1.5mM (LOD: 0.024mM). This result shows that modification of the proposed biosensor by copolymerization have provided to give perfect response to different glucose concentrations. Because of its superior spectral and electrochemical properties and contained zinc metal which can act as a mediator during biochemical reactions, this material has been used as a glucose biosensor platform to detection for real samples.

Enantioselective Ethylation of Various Aldehydes Catalyzed by Readily Accessible Chiral Diols

Four chiral C2 -symmetric diols were synthesized in a straightforward three-step reaction and demonstrated excellent enantioselectivities and good overall yields. Their catalytic activities were examined via the addition of diethylzinc to various aldehydes. The enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to 2-methoxybenzaldehyde gave the corresponding chiral secondary alcohol with high yields (up to 95%) and moderate to good enantiomeric excess (up to 88%). All synthesized ligands were evaluated in the addition of diethylzinc to various aldehydes in the presence of an additional metal such as Ti(IV) complexes. Chirality 28:593-598, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Highlights the Problem of Distinguishing Between Exophiala dermatitidis and E. phaeomuriformis Using MALDI-TOF MS

The present study compared two chemical-based methods, namely, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, to understand the misidentification of Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala phaeomuriformis. The study utilized 44 E. dermatitidis and 26 E. phaeomuriformis strains, which were partially treated with strong acids and bases for further evaluation. MALDI-TOF MS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy data of the two Exophiala species were compared. Data groupings were observed for the chromic acid- and nitric acid-treated species when the black yeast sources were categorized as creosoted-oak sleepers, concrete sleepers, or dishwasher isolates. The MALDI-TOF MS data for the metalloenzyme-containing regions were consistent with the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy data. These results indicated that environmental isolates might contain metals not found in human isolates and might interfere with chemical-based identification methods. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS reference libraries should be created for clinical strains and should exclude petroleum-associated environmental isolates.

[The effect of Tween-80 on the differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum strains with FT-IR spectroscopy]

Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum, are two of the frequently identified dermatophyte species in routine microbiology laboratories. Although newer technologies may assist in species-level identification, direct application of these methods usually require improvement in order to obtain reliable identification of these species. Earlier data have shown that dermatophytes may be identified with FT-IR spectroscopy although there are some limitations. In particular, the organic bond ranges in FT-IR spectra showed more irregularity because of the eucaryotic complexity of the molds. In this study, Tween-80 which is an inorganic molecule, was added to the dermatophyte growth medium in order to investigate its effect on FT-IR spectroscopy analysis of dermatophytes. Nine reference dermatophyte strains [5 T.mentagrophytes complex (T.asteroides CBS 424.63, T.erinacei CBS 344.79, CBS 511.73, CBS 677.86, T.mentagrophytes CBS 110.65) and 4 T.rubrum complex strains with different morphotypes (T.fluviomuniense CBS 592.68, T.kuryangei CBS 422.67, T.raubitschekii CBS 102856, T.rubrum CBS 392.58)] were included in the study. All strains were cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar either with or without 1% Tween-80 for three weeks. After the incubation period, superficial scrapings from each dermatophyte colony were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. All measurements were performed in transmission mode between 4400 and 400 cm-1. Numerous spectral window data were analyzed by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering was performed. The second derivations of spectral ranges revealed clear grouping of T.mentagrophytes complex and T.rubrum complex in association over five separate spectral ranges. The findings also showed that while all of the T.mentagrophytes strains contained lipid compounds in their mold structure after Tween-80 incubation (p< 0.025), T.rubrum strains did not. Based on these results, it was concluded that culture medium containing Tween-80 was sufficient to enable differentiation of T.mentagrophytes complex from T.rubrum complex by FT-IR spectroscopy. This effect might be attributed to the possible transfer of lipid compounds from culture to cell structure during growth. Further studies with the use of large number of reference strains and clinical isolates exposed to different environmental factors, such as antifungal agents and inorganic ions, are needed to support these data indicating favorable effect of Tween-80 on the differentiation of T.mentagrophytes and T.rubrum complexes by FT-IR spectroscopy.

Synthesis of metal-free and zinc phthalocyanines containing 2-pyridyl-methyl pendant arm linked with NS4-donor macrocyclic moiety and their selectivity towards Cu(II) cations

New phthalonitrile (L1), metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) and zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) substituted in peripheral positions with 2-pyridyl methyl pendant arm linked mixed donor macrocyclic ligands have been prepared in a multi-step reaction sequence. The novel compounds were characterized by a combination of elemental anlaysis, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. The influence of metal cations such as Cd 2+, Zn 2+, Hg 2+, Al 3+, Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ on the spectroscopic properties of dinitrile compound L1 and free phthalocyanine H2Pc was investigated by means of absorption spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometric titrations were carried out with these ligands for Cu 2+ ion. The complex composition of Cu - L1 was found 1:1 by means of spectrophotometric titration data. The spectrophotometric method showed good sensitivity for Cu 2+ with linear range of 2.6 × 10-6 to 1.3 × 10-4 M with dinitrile compound.

The first synthesis and characterization of new metal-free and metallophthalocyanine containing 33-membered crown ether moieties

The synthesis and characterization of novel metal-free and metallophthalocyanines, fused symmetrically in non-peripheral positions with four octaoxamacrocycle has been synthesized by cyclotetramerization of the 2,5,8,11,14,20,23,26,29,32-decaoxatricyclo [31.2.2.115,19]octatriconta-1(36),15,17,19(38),33(37),34-hexaene-34,35-dicarbonitrile (5) which was prepared by the reaction of 3,6-bis[2-(2-{2-[2-(toluene-4-sulphonyl)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-phthalonitrile (3) and 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (4). The novel compounds were characterized by using elemental analysis, 1 H , 13 C NMR, IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data.

[Evaluation of Malassezia species by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy]

Malassezia species which are lipophilic exobasidiomycetes fungi, have been accepted as members of normal cutaneous flora as well as causative agent of certain skin diseases. In routine microbiology laboratory, species identification based on phenotypic characters may not yield identical results with taxonomic studies. Lipophilic and lipid-dependent Malassezia yeasts require lipid-enriched complex media. For this reason, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis focused on lipid window may be useful for identification of Malassezia species. In this study, 10 different standard Malassezia species (M.dermatis CBS 9145, M.furfur CBS 7019, M.japonica CBS 9432, M.globosa CBS 7966, M.nana CBS 9561, M.obtusa CBS 7876, M.pachydermatis CBS 1879, M.slooffiae CBS 7956, M.sympodialis CBS 7222 and M.yamatoensis CBS 9725) which are human pathogens, have been analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy following standard cultivation onto modified Dixon agar medium. Results showed that two main groups (M1; M.globosa, M.obtusa, M.sympodialis, M.dermatis, M.pachydermatis vs, M2; M.furfur, M.japonica, M.nana, M.slooffiae, M.yamatoensis) were discriminated by whole spectra analysis. M.obtusa in M1 by 1686-1606 cm-1 wavenumber ranges and M.japonicum in M2 by 2993-2812 cm-1 wavenumber ranges were identified with low level discrimination power. Discriminatory areas for species differentiation of M1 members as M.sympodialis, M.globosa and M.pachydermatis and M2 members as M.furfur and M.yamatoensis could not be identified. Several spectral windows analysis results revealed that FT-IR spectroscopy was not sufficient for species identification of culture grown Malassezia species.