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Kovess-Masfety V, Evans-Lacko S, Williams D, Andrade LH, Benjet C, Ten Have M, Wardenaar K, Karam EG, Bruffaerts R, Abdumalik J, Haro Abad JM, Florescu S, Wu B, De Jonge P, Altwaijri Y, Hinkov H, Kawakami N, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, Bromet E, de Girolamo G, Posada-Villa J, Al-Hamzawi A, Huang Y, Hu C, Viana MC, Fayyad J, Medina-Mora ME, Demyttenaere K, Lepine JP, Murphy S, Xavier M, Takeshima T, Gureje O. The role of religious advisors in mental health care in the World Mental Health surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:353-367. [PMID: 27807615 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the role of religious advisors in mental health care (MHC) according to disorder severity, socio-demographics, religious involvement and country income groups. METHODS Face to face household surveys in ten high income (HI), six upper-middle income (UMI) and five low/lower-middle (LLMI) income countries totalling 101,258 adults interviewed with the WMH CIDI plus questions on use of care for mental health problems and religiosity. RESULTS 1.1% of participants turned to religious providers for MHC in the past year. Among those using services, 12.3% used religious services; as much as 30% in some LLMI countries, around 20% in some UMI; in the HI income countries USA, Germany, Italy and Japan are between 15 and 10% whenever the remaining countries are much lower. In LLMI 20.9% used religious advisors for the most severe mental disorders compared to 12.3 in UMI and 9.5% in HI. For severe cases most of religious providers use occurred together with formal care except in Nigeria, Iraq and Ukraine where, respectively, 41.6, 25.7 and 17.7% of such services are outside any formal care. Frequency of attendance at religious services was a strong predictor of religious provider usage OR 6.5 for those who attended over once a week (p < 0.0001); as seeking comfort "often" through religion in case of difficulties OR was 3.6 (p = 0.004) while gender and individual income did not predict use of religious advisors nor did the type of religious affiliation; in contrast young people use them more as well as divorced and widowed OR 1.4 (p = 0.02). Some country differences persisted after controlling for all these factors. CONCLUSIONS Religious advisors play an important role in mental health care and require appropriate training and collaboration with formal mental healthcare systems. Religious attitudes are strong predictors of religious advisors usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Kovess-Masfety
- EA 4057 Paris Descartes University Paris, UFR Institut de Psychologie, 71, avenue Edouard Vaillant, 92774, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Health Service and Population Research, London, UK
| | - David Williams
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Margreet Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Epidemiology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Wardenaar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elie G Karam
- IDRAAC, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Ashrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | | | - Josep Maria Haro Abad
- Departament de Recerca Sant Boi de Llobregat, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu-CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health and Professional Development, Research and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Peter De Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmina Altwaijri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hristo Hinkov
- Department of Global Mental Health, National Center for Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - José Posada-Villa
- Saldarriaga Concha Foundation, Development Rehabilitation System FSC Bogotá, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ali Al-Hamzawi
- College of Medicine Diwania Governate, Al-Qadisiyah University, Diwania, Iraq
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Brazil
| | - John Fayyad
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beyrut, Lebanon
| | | | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Department of Psychiatry Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Louvain, Belgium
| | | | - Samuel Murphy
- Psychology Research Institute Londonderry, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Miguel Xavier
- Medical Sciences Lisboa, University Nova of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tadashi Takeshima
- Japan National Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry, Epidemiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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