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Dimitrov S, Slavchev I, Simeonova R, Mileva M, Pencheva T, Philipov S, Georgieva A, Tsvetanova E, Teneva Y, Rimpova N, Dobrikov G, Valcheva V. Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Molecular Docking of Two Nitrofuranyl Amides as Promising Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1174. [PMID: 37627241 PMCID: PMC10452431 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a widespread infectious disease and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Nevertheless, despite significant advances in the development of new drugs against tuberculosis, many therapies and preventive measures do not lead to the expected favorable health results for various reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity and oxidative stress of two selected nitrofuranyl amides with high in vitro antimycobacterial activity. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed on both compounds to elucidate the possibilities for further development of new anti-tuberculosis candidates with improved efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacological parameters. Acute toxicity tests showed that no changes were observed in the skin, coat, eyes, mucous membranes, secretions, and vegetative activity in mice. The histological findings include features consistent with normal histological architecture without being associated with concomitant pathological conditions. The observed oxidative stress markers indicated that the studied compounds disturbed the oxidative balance in the mouse liver. Based on the molecular docking, compound DO-190 showed preferable binding energies compared to DO-209 in three out of four targets, while both compounds showed promising protein-ligand interactions. Thus, both studied compounds displayed promising activity with low toxicity and can be considered for further evaluation and/or lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Dimitrov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Ivaylo Slavchev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Milka Mileva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Tania Pencheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stanislav Philipov
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, General and Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Almira Georgieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Tsvetanova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yoanna Teneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Nadezhda Rimpova
- Department of Paediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Georgi Dobrikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Violeta Valcheva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (E.T.)
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Teneva Y, Simeonova R, Valcheva V, Angelova VT. Recent Advances in Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Discovery Based on Hydrazide-Hydrazone and Thiadiazole Derivatives Targeting InhA. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040484. [PMID: 37111241 PMCID: PMC10140854 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an extremely serious problem of global public health. Its incidence is worsened by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More serious forms of drug resistance have been observed in recent years. Therefore, the discovery and/or synthesis of new potent and less toxic anti-tubercular compounds is very critical, especially having in mind the consequences and the delays in treatment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acid, a major component of the M. tuberculosis cell wall. At the same time, it is a key enzyme in the development of drug resistance, making it an important target for the discovery of new antimycobacterial agents. Many different chemical scaffolds, including hydrazide hydrazones and thiadiazoles, have been evaluated for their InhA inhibitory activity. The aim of this review is to evaluate recently described hydrazide-hydrazone- and thiadiazole-containing derivatives that inhibit InhA activity, resulting in antimycobacterial effects. In addition, a brief review of the mechanisms of action of currently available anti-tuberculosis drugs is provided, including recently approved agents and molecules in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Teneva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Simeonova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Valcheva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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