Kong Y, Kershaw G, Fu YKS, Passam F. Multiple Electrode Aggregometry (Multiplate): Functional Assay for Vaccine-Induced (Immune) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT).
Methods Mol Biol 2023;
2663:429-440. [PMID:
37204728 DOI:
10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_28]
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Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) was first described in 2021 and represents an adverse reaction to adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) and Johnson & Johnson Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. VITT is a severe immune platelet activation syndrome with an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 vaccinations. The features of VITT include thrombocytopenia and thrombosis within 4-42 days of first dose of vaccine. Affected individuals develop platelet-activating antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4). The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis recommends both an antigen-binding assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) and a functional platelet activation assay for the diagnostic workup of VITT. Here, the application of multiple electrode aggregometry (Multiplate) is presented as a functional assay for VITT.
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