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Evidence for a finite-momentum Cooper pair in tricolor d-wave superconducting superlattices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3861. [PMID: 38719822 PMCID: PMC11078924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermionic superfluidity with a nontrivial Cooper-pairing, beyond the conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state, is a captivating field of study in quantum many-body systems. In particular, the search for superconducting states with finite-momentum pairs has long been a challenge, but establishing its existence has long suffered from the lack of an appropriate probe to reveal its momentum. Recently, it has been proposed that the nonreciprocal electron transport is the most powerful probe for the finite-momentum pairs, because it directly couples to the supercurrents. Here we reveal such a pairing state by the non-reciprocal transport on tricolor superlattices with strong spin-orbit coupling combined with broken inversion-symmetry consisting of atomically thin d-wave superconductor CeCoIn5. We find that while the second-harmonic resistance exhibits a distinct dip anomaly at the low-temperature (T)/high-magnetic field (H) corner in the HT-plane for H applied to the antinodal direction of the d-wave gap, such an anomaly is absent for H along the nodal direction. By carefully isolating extrinsic effects due to vortex dynamics, we reveal the presence of a non-reciprocal response originating from intrinsic superconducting properties characterized by finite-momentum pairs. We attribute the high-field state to the helical superconducting state, wherein the phase of the order parameter is spontaneously spatially modulated.
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Scanning electron microscopy observation of dentin bond interfaces in different types of resin luting cements. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:179-190. [PMID: 38246629 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to observe and compare the resin luting cement (RLC)/dentin interfaces of different types of RLC systems with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study evaluated six self-adhesive resin luting cement systems (SARLCs), four systems combining a SARLC with a tooth primer (SARLCPs), and six conventional resin luting cement systems (CVRLCs). Cured resin composite rods were bonded to bovine dentin using RLCs in different etching modes. The morphological features at the interfaces were observed using SEM. Although all RLCs in etch-&-rinse (ER) mode showed a clear hybrid layer, most SARLCs had a thinner and more porous hybrid layer than the SARLCPs and CVRLCs. All SARLCPs with primer and CVRLCs showed a thin high-density layer below the primer layer in both etching modes. CVRLCs and SARLCPs with primer treatment systems may be more versatile and reliable when compared to simplified RLC systems.
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Ethanol potentiates follicle-stimulating hormone action in ovarian granulosa cells. J Endocrinol 2023; 257:JOE-22-0254. [PMID: 36705256 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There are many previous reports on the effects of ethanol on physiological function, including reports of elevated blood estrogen levels in women who drank alcohol. However, the mechanism of ethanol's effects on ovarian functions, such as follicle development and hormone secretion, has not been fully clarified. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impacts of ethanol on these phenomena and their mechanisms using a primary culture system of rat ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). In the present experiment, groups were created in which follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or ethanol was added alone or FSH and ethanol were co-added, and mRNA and protein expression in each group was measured for luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and sex steroid hormone synthase, as well as for estradiol (E2) production, cAMP production, and FSH receptor (FSHR) internalization rate. The addition of FSH induced mRNA expression of LHR and aromatase, which led to membrane LHR expression and E2 production. The coexistence of ethanol enhanced all these responses. The action of FSH is exerted via cAMP, and the co-addition of ethanol enhanced this cAMP production. Ethanol alone did not induce cAMP production. The enhancing effect of ethanol was also observed for cAMP induced by cholera toxin. Ethanol had no significant effect on the internalization rate of FSHR. In conclusion, ethanol increased FSH-stimulated cAMP production by increasing the activity of adenylyl cyclase, which enhanced FSH actions in rat GCs. Alcohol is an exacerbating factor in several female hormone-related diseases, and the mechanism of ethanol-induced increase in estrogen secretion revealed in this study may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Quantifying the Size and Duration of a Microburst-Producing Chorus Region on 5 December 2017. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL099655. [PMID: 36247517 PMCID: PMC9540649 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbursts are impulsive (<1 s) injections of electrons into the atmosphere, thought to be caused by nonlinear scattering by chorus waves. Although attempts have been made to quantify their contribution to outer belt electron loss, the uncertainty in the overall size and duration of the microburst region is typically large, so that their contribution to outer belt loss is uncertain. We combine datasets that measure chorus waves (Van Allen Probes [RBSP], Arase, ground-based VLF stations) and microburst (>30 keV) precipitation (FIREBIRD II and AC6 CubeSats, POES) to determine the size of the microburst-producing chorus source region beginning on 5 December 2017. We estimate that the long-lasting (∼30 hr) microburst-producing chorus region extends from 4 to 8Δ MLT and 2-5Δ L. We conclude that microbursts likely represent a major loss source of outer radiation belt electrons for this event.
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Collaborative Research Activities of the Arase and Van Allen Probes. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2022; 218:38. [PMID: 35757012 PMCID: PMC9213325 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the highlights of joint observations of the inner magnetosphere by the Arase spacecraft, the Van Allen Probes spacecraft, and ground-based experiments integrated into spacecraft programs. The concurrent operation of the two missions in 2017-2019 facilitated the separation of the spatial and temporal structures of dynamic phenomena occurring in the inner magnetosphere. Because the orbital inclination angle of Arase is larger than that of Van Allen Probes, Arase collected observations at higher L -shells up to L ∼ 10 . After March 2017, similar variations in plasma and waves were detected by Van Allen Probes and Arase. We describe plasma wave observations at longitudinally separated locations in space and geomagnetically-conjugate locations in space and on the ground. The results of instrument intercalibrations between the two missions are also presented. Arase continued its normal operation after the scientific operation of Van Allen Probes completed in October 2019. The combined Van Allen Probes (2012-2019) and Arase (2017-present) observations will cover a full solar cycle. This will be the first comprehensive long-term observation of the inner magnetosphere and radiation belts.
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A new deep‐learning model using YOLOv3 to support sperm selection during intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12454. [PMID: 35414764 PMCID: PMC8979154 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To create and evaluate a machine‐learning model for YOLOv3 that can simultaneously perform morphological evaluation and tracking in a short time, which can be adapted to video data under an inverted microscope. Methods Japanese patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection at the Jikei University School of Medicine and Keiai Reproductive and Endosurgical Clinic from January 2019 to March 2020 were included. An AI model that simultaneously performs morphological assessment and tracking was created and its performance was evaluated. Results For morphological assessment, the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of this model for abnormal sperm were 0.881 and 0.853, respectively. The sensitivity and PPV for normal sperm were 0.794 and 0.689, respectively. For tracking performance, among the 51 objects, 40 (78.4%) were mostly tracked, 11 (21.6%) were partially tracked, and 0 (0%) were mostly lost. Conclusions This study showed that evaluating sperm morphology while tracking in a single model is possible by training YOLO v3. This model could acquire time‐series data of one sperm, which will assist in acquiring and annotating sperm image data.
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Quasiparticle Nodal Plane in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State of FeSe. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:257001. [PMID: 35029441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, characterized by Cooper pairs condensed at finite momentum, has been a long-sought state that remains unresolved in many classes of fermionic systems, including superconductors and ultracold atoms. A fascinating aspect of the FFLO state is the emergence of periodic nodal planes in real space, but its observation is still lacking. Here we investigate the superconducting order parameter at high magnetic fields H applied perpendicular to the ab plane in a high-purity single crystal of FeSe. The heat capacity and magnetic torque provide thermodynamic evidence for a distinct superconducting phase at the low-temperature/high-field corner of the phase diagram. Despite the bulk superconductivity, spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy performed on the same crystal demonstrates that the order parameter vanishes at the surface upon entering the high-field phase. These results provide the first demonstration of a pinned planar node perpendicular to H, which is consistent with a putative FFLO state.
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A case of laparoscopically treated broad ligament ectopic pregnancy followed by spontaneous gestation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:467-470. [PMID: 34796589 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of spontaneous pregnancy after laparoscopic surgery for a broad ligament pregnancy. A 34-year-old nulliparous woman presented with 6 weeks of amenorrhea. Due to the presence of an empty uterus with a 10 mm right adnexal mass on transvaginal ultrasonography and elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), ectopic pregnancy was suspected. Upon diagnostic laparoscopy, the presence of a 2 cm broad ligament ectopic pregnancy was confirmed. Laparoscopic removal of the gestational tissues was performed. Six months after surgery, a spontaneous pregnancy was established. At the 40th week of gestation, a cesarean section was performed due to arrested labor, resulting in live birth. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of a spontaneous pregnancy occurring after laparoscopic surgery for broad ligament pregnancy. Laparoscopic surgery as a treatment option for broad ligament pregnancy may be useful in early gestational age because it can be completed without complications.
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Half-integer quantized anomalous thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev material candidate α-RuCl 3. Science 2021; 373:568-572. [PMID: 34326240 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Half-integer thermal quantum Hall conductance has recently been reported for the two-dimensional honeycomb material α-RuCl3 We found that the half-integer thermal Hall plateau appears even for a magnetic field with no out-of-plane components. The measured field-angular variation of the quantized thermal Hall conductance has the same sign structure as the topological Chern number of the pure Kitaev spin liquid. This observation suggests that the non-Abelian topological order associated with fractionalization of the local magnetic moments persists even in the presence of non-Kitaev interactions in α-RuCl3.
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Penetration of MeV electrons into the mesosphere accompanying pulsating aurorae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13724. [PMID: 34257336 PMCID: PMC8277844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsating aurorae (PsA) are caused by the intermittent precipitations of magnetospheric electrons (energies of a few keV to a few tens of keV) through wave-particle interactions, thereby depositing most of their energy at altitudes ~ 100 km. However, the maximum energy of precipitated electrons and its impacts on the atmosphere are unknown. Herein, we report unique observations by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar showing electron precipitations ranging from a few hundred keV to a few MeV during a PsA associated with a weak geomagnetic storm. Simultaneously, the Arase spacecraft has observed intense whistler-mode chorus waves at the conjugate location along magnetic field lines. A computer simulation based on the EISCAT observations shows immediate catalytic ozone depletion at the mesospheric altitudes. Since PsA occurs frequently, often in daily basis, and extends its impact over large MLT areas, we anticipate that the PsA possesses a significant forcing to the mesospheric ozone chemistry in high latitudes through high energy electron precipitations. Therefore, the generation of PsA results in the depletion of mesospheric ozone through high-energy electron precipitations caused by whistler-mode chorus waves, which are similar to the well-known effect due to solar energetic protons triggered by solar flares.
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A rare case of heterotopic pregnancy after a single embryo transfer: A case report and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:3707-3711. [PMID: 34254398 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare but life-threatening disease. We report a rare case of HP that occurred after single embryo transfer (SET) with spontaneous natural pregnancy possibly due to sexual intercourse (SI) during assisted reproductive technology treatment and reviewed previous reports. A 39-year-old woman at 7 weeks 5 days' gestation with anti-sperm antibody who underwent a single frozen-thawed embryo transfer in her natural cycle presented with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She had several SIs before the day of SET. A viable intrauterine fetus and an extrauterine mass at the right adnexa were detected on transvaginal ultrasonography. An emergent laparoscopic surgery showed a swollen right fallopian tube, and right salpingectomy was performed. Unfortunately, intrauterine fetal death was diagnosed at 19 weeks' gestation. In conclusion, the possibility of HP should be considered in patients with SIs around the day of SET.
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Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcomes of Vitrified-Warmed Blastocyst Transfer before and after Endometrial Receptivity Analysis in Identical Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure. FERTILITY & REPRODUCTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2661318221500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical value of personalized embryo transfer (pET) guided by the endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) tests for recurrent implantation failure (RIF) cases is still unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the efficacy of ERA leading to personalization of the day of embryo transfer (ET) in RIF patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for 94 patients with RIF who underwent ERA between July 2015 and December 2019. Pregnancy outcomes in a previous vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (previous VBT) and a personalized vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (pVBT) in identical patients were compared. The details of each pVBT were further analyzed between patients in a non-displaced group, which indicated “receptive” cases in ERA results and those who were in the displaced group, which indicated “non-receptive” cases. Results: When the pregnancy rate, both per patient and per transfer cycle, of previous VBT and pVBT were compared, a significant increase in pVBT was observed between the two methods (5.3% vs. 62.8%, 4.4% vs. 47.9%, respectively). The pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and clinical pregnancy rates of the first pVBT were significantly higher in the displaced group than the non-displaced group. The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate of the displaced group tended to be higher compared to that of the non-displaced group in the first pVBT, although the difference was not statistically significant (51.0% vs. 31.1%, [Formula: see text] = 0.06). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that pVBT guided by ERA tests may improve pregnancy outcomes in RIF patients whose window of implantation (WOI) is displaced, and its effect may be more pronounced at the first pVBT. The displacement of WOI may be considered to be one of the causes of RIF, and its adjustment may contribute to the improvement of pregnancy outcomes in RIF patients.
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Analysis of Surgical Procedure of Four Cases of Ovarian Pregnancies Treated with Laparoscopic Surgery. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2021; 10:117-120. [PMID: 34040972 PMCID: PMC8140542 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_120_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian pregnancy is a rare disease, accounting for 0.5%–3% of ectopic pregnancies. Ovarian pregnancy risk factors and preoperative diagnosis have been extensively reported. However, its histopathology and surgical findings have been poorly studied. To examine appropriate surgical procedures, we investigated the clinical features, surgical findings, and histopathological examinations of four ovarian pregnancy cases treated in our hospital. In histopathological examination, most specimens did not contain ovarian tissues; in some cases, villous tissues were buried in a clot. Therefore, evaluating the appropriateness of surgical resection range from histopathological images was difficult. However, the postoperative course was favorable; no cases manifested complications. Considering all these facts, we regarded the surgical procedures of the four cases in this study as appropriate. For the treatment of ovarian pregnancies, especially for the outward development type, a sufficient therapeutic effect may be achieved even without extensive excision of the ovarian tissues by laparoscopic surgery.
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Follicular development during hormone replacement therapy in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:234-240. [PMID: 33850457 PMCID: PMC8022089 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide information about the relationship between follow-up period and follicular development in patients with infertility due to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) who are undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It is necessary to detect follicle development for artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from April 2014 to February 2019 in 20 patients [follicular development group, 11 women (55%); non-follicular development group, 9 women (45%)] with POI; their follicular development was followed up weekly. Background characteristics, including age, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Mullerian hormone levels (AMH), the period from the last spontaneous menstruation to hormone replacement therapy initiation, and follow-up period during HRT were investigated. The period without follicular development was tabulated, and the subsequent cumulative follicular development detection rate was calculated. RESULTS At least 1-year follow-up, the cumulative follicular development rate was 70%; follicular development was observed with a probability of 49.1% at 3 months, 33.4% at 6 months, and 8.3% at 12 months in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the longer the non-follicle development period, the lower the probability of subsequent follicular development in patients with POI during HRT.
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Comparison of different etch-and-rinse adhesive systems based on shear fatigue dentin bond strength and morphological features the interface. Dent Mater 2020; 37:e109-e117. [PMID: 33248806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate dentin bonding durability of different etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesive systems under fatigue stress and to compare morphological features of resin/dentin interfaces using SEM. METHODS Two three-step ER adhesives, a two-step ER adhesive, and a universal adhesive in ER mode were evaluated. Before application of either primer or adhesive, phosphoric acid etching of human dentin was completed. Fifteen bonded specimens for each adhesive system were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h, then subjected to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Bonding durability was assessed from the perspective of biomechanical stress. 25 bonded specimens for each adhesive system were subjected to shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing with a repeated subcritical load at a frequency of 20 Hz for 50,000 cycles or until failure. RESULTS Mean SBS and SFS values ranged from 33.3 to 41.2 MPa, and from 18.3 to 20.3 MPa, respectively. Three-step adhesives showed higher SBS and SFS values than the other adhesive systems. Under SEM, resin tags in different adhesive systems showed similar features, but morphology below the hybrid layer was material dependent. The universal adhesive in ER mode showed an obvious thin, high-density reaction layer below the hybrid layer. SIGNIFICANCE Three-step adhesives showed higher dentin bond durability than the other ER adhesives; no significant differences in SFS were found between the universal adhesive in ER mode and the three-step ER adhesives. The results of this in vitro study indicate that some ER adhesives might establish chemical bonding with intact dentin below the hybrid layer in addition to micromechanical retention.
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Influence of surface treatment on bonding of resin luting cement to CAD/CAM composite blocks. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:834-843. [PMID: 32435009 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different surface treatments of CAD/CAM composite blocks on bonding effectiveness of resin cements, based on the shear bond strength test and the surface science examination. Specimens were fabricated from two types of CAD/CAM composite blocks (Cerasmart and VITA Enamic), and the specimen surfaces were alumina sandblasted. Specimen surfaces were treated with i) silane, ii) primer, and iii) silane+primer, then two types of cements (Block HC Cem and Super Bond) were bonded. After 24 h storage, bond strengths were measured. Surface free energy measurements were performed of the treated CAD/CAM composite blocks surfaces. The groups ii) and iii) showed significantly higher bond strengths than the group i), apart from VITA Enamic with Block HC Cem. Although the total surface free energy showed different trends in different surface treatments, a similar trend was found in both CAD/CAM composite blocks.
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Oxygen torus and its coincidence with EMIC wave in the deep inner magnetosphere: Van Allen Probe B and Arase observations. EARTH, PLANETS, AND SPACE : EPS 2020; 72:111. [PMID: 32831576 PMCID: PMC7410109 DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the longitudinal structure of the oxygen torus in the inner magnetosphere for a specific event found on 12 September 2017, using simultaneous observations from the Van Allen Probe B and Arase satellites. It is found that Probe B observed a clear enhancement in the average plasma mass (M) up to 3-4 amu at L = 3.3-3.6 and magnetic local time (MLT) = 9.0 h. In the afternoon sector at MLT ~ 16.0 h, both Probe B and Arase found no clear enhancements in M. This result suggests that the oxygen torus does not extend over all MLT but is skewed toward the dawn. Since a similar result has been reported for another event of the oxygen torus in a previous study, a crescent-shaped torus or a pinched torus centered around dawn may be a general feature of the O+ density enhancement in the inner magnetosphere. We newly find that an electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave in the H+ band appeared coincidently with the oxygen torus. From the lower cutoff frequency of the EMIC wave, the ion composition of the oxygen torus is estimated to be 80.6% H+, 3.4% He+, and 16.0% O+. According to the linearized dispersion relation for EMIC waves, both He+ and O+ ions inhibit EMIC wave growth and the stabilizing effect is stronger for He+ than O+. Therefore, when the H+ fraction or M is constant, the denser O+ ions are naturally accompanied by the more tenuous He+ ions, resulting in a weaker stabilizing effect (i.e., larger growth rate). From the Probe B observations, we find that the growth rate becomes larger in the oxygen torus than in the adjacent regions in the plasma trough and the plasmasphere.
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Effect of double-layer application on the early enamel bond strength of universal adhesives. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:907-921. [PMID: 32474808 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the enamel bond strengths of universal adhesives in the early phase of specimen creation and evaluate the effect of double-layer application on enamel bond effectiveness using different etching modes. METHOD Four universal adhesives, namely Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, G-Premio Bond, Scotchbond Universal, and Tokuyama Universal Bond, were used. Clearfil SE Bond two-step self-etch adhesive system was used as a comparison. Fifteen specimens per group were used for determining the shear bond strength (SBS) to bovine enamel in the etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode. The adhesive was applied to specimens in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions (single-layer application), or the adhesive was applied twice (double-layer application). The bonded specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 5 min or 1, 6, 12, or 24 h before SBS testing. The flexural properties of the resin composite Clearfil AP-X were measured for the same storage periods. RESULTS All universal adhesives exhibited increased SBS values with prolonged storage periods regardless of the application technique or etching mode used. Double-layer application was associated with higher SBS values than single-layer application for most universal adhesives over the same storage period. CONCLUSION Phosphoric acid pre-etching and double-layer application of universal adhesives resulted in increased enamel bond strength in the early phase of specimen bonding. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Care should be taken when using universal adhesives in the self-etch mode for enamel bonding because the enamel adhesion is sensitive to the duration after filling.
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Equivalent clinical outcome after vitrified-thawed blastocyst transfer using semi-automated embryo vitrification system compared with manual vitrification method. Reprod Med Biol 2020; 19:164-170. [PMID: 32273822 PMCID: PMC7138946 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared Gavi®, an automated system for the equilibration and dehydration steps of vitrification, and a manual vitrification procedure in terms of effects on clinical outcomes. METHODS The authors retrospectively compared survival rate, and clinical and perinatal outcomes after vitrified-thawed single blastocyst transfer between Gavi® (G method) in 398 cases and Cryotop® (C method) in 208 cases. RESULTS With C and G methods, survival rates were 98.6% (208/211) and 99.3% (398/401), total pregnancy rates were 34.3% (72/208) and 33.4% (133/398), and total miscarriage rates were 22.2% (16/72) and 24.8% (33/133), respectively. Among women <35 years old, pregnancy rates were 41.1% (30/73) and 40.5% (62/153) and miscarriage rates were 13.3% (4/30) and 16.1% (10/62) with C and G methods, respectively. Among women ≥35 years old, pregnancy rates were 31.1% (42/135) and 29.0% (71/245) and miscarriage rates were 28.6% (12/42) and 32.4% (23/71) with C and G methods, respectively. C and G methods showed no significant differences in any trials, including gestational age, cesarean section rate, or birthweight (P > .05 each). CONCLUSIONS Gavi® showed comparable clinical outcomes to the manual vitrification method and can be considered an alternative vitrification procedure in assisted reproductive technology.
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Multiple time-scale beats in aurora: precise orchestration via magnetospheric chorus waves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3380. [PMID: 32098993 PMCID: PMC7042315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The brightness of aurorae in Earth’s polar region often beats with periods ranging from sub-second to a few tens of a second. Past observations showed that the beat of the aurora is composed of a superposition of two independent periodicities that co-exist hierarchically. However, the origin of such multiple time-scale beats in aurora remains poorly understood due to a lack of measurements with sufficiently high temporal resolution. By coordinating experiments using ultrafast auroral imagers deployed in the Arctic with the newly-launched magnetospheric satellite Arase, we succeeded in identifying an excellent agreement between the beats in aurorae and intensity modulations of natural electromagnetic waves in space called “chorus”. In particular, sub-second scintillations of aurorae are precisely controlled by fine-scale chirping rhythms in chorus. The observation of this striking correlation demonstrates that resonant interaction between energetic electrons and chorus waves in magnetospheres orchestrates the complex behavior of aurora on Earth and other magnetized planets.
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Diagonal nematicity in the pseudogap phase of HgBa 2CuO 4+δ. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3282. [PMID: 31337758 PMCID: PMC6650423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudogap phenomenon in the cuprates is arguably the most mysterious puzzle in the field of high-temperature superconductivity. The tetragonal cuprate HgBa2CuO4+δ, with only one CuO2 layer per primitive cell, is an ideal system to tackle this puzzle. Here, we measure the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy within the CuO2 plane with exceptionally high-precision magnetic torque experiments. Our key finding is that a distinct two-fold in-plane anisotropy sets in below the pseudogap temperature T*, which provides thermodynamic evidence for a nematic phase transition with broken four-fold symmetry. Surprisingly, the nematic director orients along the diagonal direction of the CuO2 square lattice, in sharp contrast to the bond nematicity along the Cu-O-Cu direction. Another remarkable feature is that the enhancement of the diagonal nematicity with decreasing temperature is suppressed around the temperature at which short-range charge-density-wave formation occurs. Our result suggests a competing relationship between diagonal nematic and charge-density-wave order in HgBa2CuO4+δ.
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The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS). SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2019; 215:9. [PMID: 30880847 PMCID: PMC6380193 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO), a complement of multi-spacecraft missions and ground-based observatories to study the space environment, data retrieval, analysis, and visualization of space physics data can be daunting. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), a grass-roots software development platform (www.spedas.org), is now officially supported by NASA Heliophysics as part of its data environment infrastructure. It serves more than a dozen space missions and ground observatories and can integrate the full complement of past and upcoming space physics missions with minimal resources, following clear, simple, and well-proven guidelines. Free, modular and configurable to the needs of individual missions, it works in both command-line (ideal for experienced users) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode (reducing the learning curve for first-time users). Both options have "crib-sheets," user-command sequences in ASCII format that can facilitate record-and-repeat actions, especially for complex operations and plotting. Crib-sheets enhance scientific interactions, as users can move rapidly and accurately from exchanges of technical information on data processing to efficient discussions regarding data interpretation and science. SPEDAS can readily query and ingest all International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)-compatible products from the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), enabling access to a vast collection of historic and current mission data. The planned incorporation of Heliophysics Application Programmer's Interface (HAPI) standards will facilitate data ingestion from distributed datasets that adhere to these standards. Although SPEDAS is currently Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based (and interfaces to Java-based tools such as Autoplot), efforts are under-way to expand it further to work with python (first as an interface tool and potentially even receiving an under-the-hood replacement). We review the SPEDAS development history, goals, and current implementation. We explain its "modes of use" with examples geared for users and outline its technical implementation and requirements with software developers in mind. We also describe SPEDAS personnel and software management, interfaces with other organizations, resources and support structure available to the community, and future development plans. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Quantum oscillations of electrical resistivity in an insulator. Science 2018; 362:65-69. [PMID: 30166438 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In metals, orbital motions of conduction electrons on the Fermi surface are quantized in magnetic fields, which is manifested by quantum oscillations in electrical resistivity. This Landau quantization is generally absent in insulators. Here, we report a notable exception in an insulator-ytterbium dodecaboride (YbB12). The resistivity of YbB12, which is of a much larger magnitude than the resistivity in metals, exhibits distinct quantum oscillations. These unconventional oscillations arise from the insulating bulk, even though the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude follows the conventional Fermi liquid theory of metals with a large effective mass. Quantum oscillations in the magnetic torque are also observed, albeit with a lighter effective mass.
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Majorana quantization and half-integer thermal quantum Hall effect in a Kitaev spin liquid. Nature 2018; 559:227-231. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pulsating aurora from electron scattering by chorus waves. Nature 2018; 554:337-340. [PMID: 29446380 DOI: 10.1038/nature25505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Auroral substorms, dynamic phenomena that occur in the upper atmosphere at night, are caused by global reconfiguration of the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. These storms are characterized by auroral brightening from dusk to midnight, followed by violent motions of distinct auroral arcs that suddenly break up, and the subsequent emergence of diffuse, pulsating auroral patches at dawn. Pulsating aurorae, which are quasiperiodic, blinking patches of light tens to hundreds of kilometres across, appear at altitudes of about 100 kilometres in the high-latitude regions of both hemispheres, and multiple patches often cover the entire sky. This auroral pulsation, with periods of several to tens of seconds, is generated by the intermittent precipitation of energetic electrons (several to tens of kiloelectronvolts) arriving from the magnetosphere and colliding with the atoms and molecules of the upper atmosphere. A possible cause of this precipitation is the interaction between magnetospheric electrons and electromagnetic waves called whistler-mode chorus waves. However, no direct observational evidence of this interaction has been obtained so far. Here we report that energetic electrons are scattered by chorus waves, resulting in their precipitation. Our observations were made in March 2017 with a magnetospheric spacecraft equipped with a high-angular-resolution electron sensor and electromagnetic field instruments. The measured quasiperiodic precipitating electron flux was sufficiently intense to generate a pulsating aurora, which was indeed simultaneously observed by a ground auroral imager.
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Unusual Thermal Hall Effect in a Kitaev Spin Liquid Candidate α-RuCl_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:217205. [PMID: 29883185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.217205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Kitaev quantum spin liquid displays the fractionalization of quantum spins into Majorana fermions. The emergent Majorana edge current is predicted to manifest itself in the form of a finite thermal Hall effect, a feature commonly discussed in topological superconductors. Here we report on thermal Hall conductivity κ_{xy} measurements in α-RuCl_{3}, a candidate Kitaev magnet with the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. In a spin-liquid (Kitaev paramagnetic) state below the temperature characterized by the Kitaev interaction J_{K}/k_{B}∼80 K, positive κ_{xy} develops gradually upon cooling, demonstrating the presence of highly unusual itinerant excitations. Although the zero-temperature property is masked by the magnetic ordering at T_{N}=7 K, the sign, magnitude, and T dependence of κ_{xy}/T at intermediate temperatures follows the predicted trend of the itinerant Majorana excitations.
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Tuning the Pairing Interaction in a d-Wave Superconductor by Paramagnons Injected through Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:187002. [PMID: 29775349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.187002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional superconductivity and magnetism are intertwined on a microscopic level in a wide class of materials. A new approach to this most fundamental and hotly debated issue focuses on the role of interactions between superconducting electrons and bosonic fluctuations at the interface between adjacent layers in heterostructures. Here we fabricate hybrid superlattices consisting of alternating atomic layers of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn_{5} and antiferromagnetic (AFM) metal CeRhIn_{5}, in which the AFM order can be suppressed by applying pressure. We find that the superconducting and AFM states coexist in spatially separated layers, but their mutual coupling via the interface significantly modifies the superconducting properties. An analysis of upper critical fields reveals that, upon suppressing the AFM order by applied pressure, the force binding superconducting electron pairs acquires an extreme strong-coupling nature. This demonstrates that superconducting pairing can be tuned nontrivially by magnetic fluctuations (paramagnons) injected through the interface.
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Antisense oligonucleotides containing amido-bridged nucleic acid reduce SNCA expression and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease animal models. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Full-Gap Superconductivity Robust against Disorder in Heavy-Fermion CeCu_{2}Si_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:077001. [PMID: 28949698 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.077001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of unconventional pairing by the antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuation mechanism is that the superconducting energy gap must have the opposite sign on different parts of the Fermi surface. Recent observations of non-nodal gap structure in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu_{2}Si_{2} were then very surprising, given that this material has long been considered a prototypical example of a superconductor where the Cooper pairing is magnetically mediated. Here we present a study of the effect of controlled point defects, introduced by electron irradiation, on the temperature-dependent magnetic penetration depth λ(T) in CeCu_{2}Si_{2}. We find that the fully gapped state is robust against disorder, demonstrating that low-energy bound states, expected for sign-changing gap structures, are not induced by nonmagnetic impurities. This provides bulk evidence for s_{++}-wave superconductivity without sign reversal.
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Inside Cover: Endo
-α-Mannosidase-Catalyzed Transglycosylation (ChemBioChem 14/2017). Chembiochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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SELF RATED HEALTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH SERUM GLUCOSE AMONG ELDERLY LIVING AT RURAL AREA IN GUINEA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
In order for facilitating the synthesis of oligosaccharides, transglycosylation reactions mediated by glycoside hydrolases have been studied in various contexts. In this study, we examined the transglycosylating activity of a Golgi endo-α-mannosidase. We prepared various glycosyl donors and acceptors, and recombinant human Golgi endo-α-mannosidase and its various mutants were expressed. The enzyme was able to mediate transglycosylation from α-glycosyl-fluorides. Systematic screening of various point mutants revealed that the E407D mutant had excellent transglycosylation activity and extremely low hydrolytic activity. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that minimum motif required for glycosyl acceptor is Manα1- 2Man. The synthetic utility of the enzyme was demonstrated by generation of a high-mannose-type undecasaccharide (Glc1 Man9 GlcNAc2 ).
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FUT2 non-secretor status is associated with Type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Japanese children. Diabet Med 2017; 34:586-589. [PMID: 27859559 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the contribution of the FUT2 gene and ABO blood type to the development of Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children. METHODS We analysed FUT2 variants and ABO genotypes in a total of 531 Japanese children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes and 448 control subjects. The possible association of FUT2 variants and ABO genotypes with the onset of Type 1 diabetes was statistically examined. RESULTS The se2 genotype (c.385A>T) of the FUT2 gene was found to confer susceptibility to Type 1A diabetes in a recessive effects model [odds ratio for se2/se2, 1.68 (95% CI 1.20-2.35); corrected P value = 0.0075]. CONCLUSIONS The FUT2 gene contributed to the development of Type 1 diabetes in the present cohort of Japanese children.
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Variants associated with autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children: implications for age-specific effects of cis-regulatory haplotypes at 17q12-q21. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1717-1722. [PMID: 27352912 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of previously reported susceptibility variants in the development of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in non-white children. Tested variants included rs2290400, which has been linked to Type 1 diabetes only in one study on white people. Haplotypes at 17q12-q21 encompassing rs2290400 are known to determine the susceptibility of early-onset asthma by affecting the expression of flanking genes. METHODS We genotyped 63 variants in 428 Japanese people with childhood-onset autoimmune Type 1 diabetes and 457 individuals without diabetes. Possible association between variants and age at diabetes onset was examined using age-specific quantitative trait locus analysis and ordered-subset regression analysis. RESULTS Ten variants, including rs2290400 in GSDMB, were more frequent among the people with Type 1 diabetes than those without diabetes. Of these, rs689 in INS and rs231775 in CTLA4 yielded particularly high odds ratios of 5.58 (corrected P value 0.001; 95% CI 2.15-14.47) and 1.64 (corrected P value 5.3 × 10-5 ; 95% CI 1.34-2.01), respectively. Age-specific effects on diabetes susceptibility were suggested for rs2290400; heterozygosity of the risk alleles was associated with relatively early onset of diabetes, and the allele was linked to the phenotype exclusively in the subgroup of age at onset ≤ 5.0 years. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that rs2290400 in GSDMB and polymorphisms in INS and CTLA4 are associated with the risk of Type 1 diabetes in Japanese children. Importantly, cis-regulatory haplotypes at 17q12-q21 encompassing rs2290400 probably determine the risk of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes predominantly in early childhood.
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Tuning the Magnetic Quantum Criticality of Artificial Kondo Superlattices CeRhIn_{5}/YbRhIn_{5}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:206401. [PMID: 27258878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.206401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of reduced dimensions and the interfaces on antiferromagnetic quantum criticality are studied in epitaxial Kondo superlattices, with alternating n layers of heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeRhIn_{5} and seven layers of normal metal YbRhIn_{5}. As n is reduced, the Kondo coherence temperature is suppressed due to the reduction of effective Kondo screening. The Néel temperature is gradually suppressed as n decreases and the quasiparticle mass is strongly enhanced, implying dimensional control toward a quantum critical point. Magnetotransport measurements reveal that a quantum critical point is reached for the n=3 superlattice by applying small magnetic fields. Remarkably, the anisotropy of the quantum critical field is opposite to the expectations from the magnetic susceptibility in bulk CeRhIn_{5}, suggesting that the Rashba spin-orbit interaction arising from the inversion symmetry breaking at the interface plays a key role for tuning the quantum criticality in the two-dimensional Kondo lattice.
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Region-specific dendritic spine loss of pyramidal neurons in dopamine transporter knockout mice. Curr Mol Med 2016; 15:237-44. [PMID: 25817859 DOI: 10.2174/1566524015666150330143613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) mice show numerous behavioral alterations, including hyperlocomotion, cognitive deficits, impulsivity and impairment of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI), phenotypes that may be relevant to frontostriatal disorders such as schizophrenia. Dendritic spine changes of pyramidal neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are among the most replicated of findings in postmortem studies of schizophrenia. The mechanisms that account for dendritic changes in the DLPFC in schizophrenia are unclear. Here, we report basal spine density of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the motor cortex, the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and the basolateral amygdala in DAT KO mice. Pyramidal neurons were visualized using DAT KO mice crossbred with a Thy1-GFP transgenic mouse line. We observed a significant decrease in spine density of pyramidal neurons in the mPFC and the CA1 region of the hippocampus in DAT KO mice compared to that in WT mice. On the other hand, no difference was observed in spine density of pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex or the basolateral amygdala between DAT genotypes. These results suggest that decreased spine density could cause hypofunction of the mPFC and the hippocampus, and contribute to the behavioral abnormalities observed in DAT KO mice, including cognitive deficits. This might suggest that aberrant dopaminergic signaling may trigger dystrophic changes in dendrites of hippocampal and prefrontocortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia.
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Metallic ground state in an ion-gated two-dimensional superconductor. Science 2015; 350:409-13. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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SUN-LB007: Reduced Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Presented by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia is a Poor Prognostic Factor of Chronic Heart Failure Patients. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The regulation of oxytocin receptor gene expression during adipogenesis. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:335-42. [PMID: 25702774 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that oxytocin stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes, changes in the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) mRNA in adipogenesis are still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of OTR mRNA during adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. OTR mRNA was highly expressed in adipocytes prepared from mouse adipose tissues compared to stromal-vascular cells. OTR mRNA expression was increased during the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. OTR expression levels were higher in subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissues of 14-week-old male mice compared to 7-week-old male mice. Levels of OTR mRNA expression were higher in adipose tissues at four different sites of mice fed a high-fat diet than in those of mice fed a normal diet. The OTR expression level was also increased by refeeding for 4 h after fasting for 16 h. Oxytocin significantly induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, a new regulatory mechanism is demonstrated for oxytocin to control the differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes via activation of OTR as a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adipose axis.
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P-11 * SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SOCIAL ISOLATION ON ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR KNOCKOUT MICE. Alcohol Alcohol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu054.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Measurement of endo-α-mannosidase activity using a fluorescently labeled oligosaccharide derivative. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:927-36. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.910101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Endo-α-mannosidase, a GH99-family glycoside hydrolase, cleaves α-mannoside linkages with glucose residues. This enzyme is proposed to play a critical role in N-glycan processing for deglucosylation. To measure endo-α-mannosidase activity, we synthesized a fluorescently labeled tetrasaccharide derivative (Glcα1-3Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-O–C3H6–NH-Dansyl) in a stereocontrolled manner. The tetrasaccharide skeleton was prepared by step-wise coupling using mannose donors 4 and 7. The 1,2-cis α-glycosidic linkage on the non-reducing end of the glucose residue was constructed by inversion of the stereochemistry of the C-2 hydroxyl group in the α-mannose residue. Finally, the dansyl group was introduced at the reducing end via an aminopropyl linker. This probe successfully measured endo-α-mannosidase activity.
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Activin A is stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and modulates collagen gene expression in human amniotic cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:515-20. [PMID: 23385491 DOI: 10.3275/8816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports the idea of activin A as a modulator of inflammation. In human pregnancy, elevated activin A concentrations in amniotic fluid are reported in women with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation- induced pre-term birth. AIM To test the hypothesis that activin A was involved in the pathophysiology of amnionitis, we evaluated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α and lipopolysaccharide on activin A production in human amniotic epithelial cells, and the effects of activin A on the expression of collagen mRNA in amniotic mesenchymal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Amniotic membranes were obtained from patients without systemic disease, signs of premature delivery or fetal complications, during elective cesarean sections at term. Amniotic epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells were separately obtained by enzymatic digestion and cultured. Activin A was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and collagen mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Amniotic epithelial cells produced activin A in a cell density- and time-dependent manner. Tumor necrosis factor- α enhanced activin A production in a time-dependent (48-120 h) and dose-dependent (10-300 ng/ml) manner in amniotic epithelial cells. Lipopolysaccharide also stimulated activin A production, but the effect was less prominent. In amniotic mesenchymal cells, the effect of activin A on the expression of type I and type III collagen mRNA was suppressive. CONCLUSIONS Tumor necrosis factor-α and lipopolysaccharide stimulated activin A production in amniotic epithelial cells, and activin A modulated expression of collagen mRNA in amniotic mesenchymal cells. These results support the idea that activin A is involved in the pathophysiology of amnionitis.
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Electrostatically and electrochemically induced superconducting state realized in electrochemical cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/400/2/022049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Correlation-enhanced effective mass of two-dimensional electrons in Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O/ZnO heterostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:246401. [PMID: 23368349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.246401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We performed combined magnetotransport and cyclotron resonance experiments on two-dimensional electron systems confined in the Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O/ZnO heterostructures over a wide range of carrier densities, from 1.9 to 12 × 10(11) cm(-2) (3.5 </~ r(s) </~ 10, where r(s) is the Wigner-Seitz radius). As the carrier density was reduced, the transport mass m(tr)* was strongly enhanced. In marked contrast, the effective masses determined from the cyclotron resonance m(CR)(*) were found to be independent of the carrier density and as large as the bulk effective mass. The large enhancement of m(tr)(*), which exceeds m(CR)(*) by ~ 60%, at the lowest carrier density with r(s) 10 is purely attributed to the strong electron correlation.
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Relation between maximum phonation time and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure patients. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2012; 48:593-599. [PMID: 22669135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) commonly fatigue easily due to low peak oxygen uptake (peak VO(2)), an important index of exercise capacity. Maximum phonation time (MPT) is widely used to evaluate maximum vocal capabilities because it is non-invasive, quick, and inexpensive. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the relation between MPT and exercise capacity, and MPT required to attain an exercise capacity of ≥5 metabolic equivalents (METs) in CHF outpatients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation unit. POPULATION We enrolled 111 CHF outpatients (mean age 54.2±10.1 years). METHODS Peak VO(2) was assessed during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) as the index of exercise capacity. After CPX, we divided the patients into two groups according to exercise capacity: ≥5 METs group (N.=68) and <5 METs group (N.=43). Measurements of MPT were taken in the seated position. All patients were asked to produce a sustained vowel /a:/ for as long as possible and were verbally encouraged during respiratory effort. RESULTS After adjustment for patient clinical characteristics, MPT in the CHF patients was found to be significantly higher in the ≥5 METs group than in the <5 METs group (22.1±8.4 vs. 17.0±11.6 s, F=13.5, P<0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of exercise capacity of ≥5 METs extracted a cutoff value for MPT of 18.27 s, with a sensitivity of 0.76, 1-specificity of 0.33, and AUC value of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87, P<0.001). CONCLUSION There were differences in MPT in relation to an exercise capacity threshold of ≥5 METs in CHF outpatients. A MPT of 18.27 sec may be the best cutoff value to identify people with or without exercise capacity of ≥5 METs. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Measurement of MPT may be a useful method for estimating exercise capacity in CHF outpatients.
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Facile construction of 1,2-cis glucosidic linkage using sequential oxidation–reduction route for synthesis of an ER processing α-glucosidase I substrate. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly: association with depression and food diversity. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:728-31. [PMID: 23076516 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eating alone is an emerging social concern these days along with the background of serious aging population growth and increasing number of single-dwellers in Japan. However, little study is focused eating alone and its relation to the health status of community-dwelling elderly. OBJECTIVES To clarify the relations between eating alone and geriatric functions such as depression, quantitative subjective quality of life (QOL), activities of daily living (ADL) and dietary status of community-dwelling Japanese elderly. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Tosa town, one of the "super-aged" towns in Japan. PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of 856 community-dwelling elderly aged ≥65 living in Tosa town. MEASUREMENTS Eating alone and living arrangement was defined by the questionnaire. Geriatric functions were assessed by measuring activities of daily living (ADL), depressive symptom using 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), and quality of life (QOL). Food diversity was investigated as a measure of dietary quality using 11-item Food Diversity Score Kyoto (FDSK-11). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and body weight during a medical assessment. RESULTS The proportion of the elderly who usually eat alone was 33.2% in this study population. Even among 697 elderly subjects who live with others, 136 persons (19.5%) ate alone. The participants who ate alone were significantly depressed according to the assessment using GDS-15 score (5.7±4.3 vs. 4.4±3.8, P<0.001). Those who ate alone have lower scores of QOL items than those who ate with others (Subjective sense of health: 52.5±21.9 vs. 55.7±20.2 P=0.035, Relationship with family: 74.1±23.5 vs. 78.9±18.6 P<0.001, Subjective happiness: 58.5±22.7 vs. 62.2±21.1 P=0.019). A significant close association was found between eating alone and lower food diversity (FDSK-11 score 9.9±1.3 vs. 10.2±1.3, P=0.002). BMI was lower in the elderly subjects who ate alone than those with others. By the multivariate analysis, depression was independently associated with eating alone in the logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, BMI and food diversity as confounding factors (OR: 1.42, CI: 1.00-2.11, P=0.043). Food diversity was also significantly associated even after the adjustment of these confounding factors. CONCLUSION Eating alone is an important issue related to depression and QOL as well as dietary status of community-dwellingl elderly in Japan. This study shows the simple and inexpensive way "eating together" may contribute to improve depressive mood of elderly persons, with a strong message that supports of family, friends and neighbors are very important.
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Reduced GM-CSF autoantibody in improved lung of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Eur Respir J 2012; 39:777-80. [PMID: 22379153 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00076711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Poster 64: A New Haptic Drilling System With Feed Scaling. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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