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Minegishi M, Kuchimaru T, Nishikawa K, Isagawa T, Iwano S, Iida K, Hara H, Miura S, Sato M, Watanabe S, Shiomi A, Mabuchi Y, Hamana H, Kishi H, Sato T, Sawaki D, Sato S, Hanazono Y, Suzuki A, Kohro T, Kadonosono T, Shimogori T, Miyawaki A, Takeda N, Shintaku H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Nishimura S. Secretory GFP reconstitution labeling of neighboring cells interrogates cell-cell interactions in metastatic niches. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8031. [PMID: 38052804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells inevitably interact with neighboring host tissue-resident cells during the process of metastatic colonization, establishing a metastatic niche to fuel their survival, growth, and invasion. However, the underlying mechanisms in the metastatic niche are yet to be fully elucidated owing to the lack of methodologies for comprehensively studying the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in the niche. Here, we improve a split green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based genetically encoded system to develop secretory glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored reconstitution-activated proteins to highlight intercellular connections (sGRAPHIC) for efficient fluorescent labeling of tissue-resident cells that neighbor on and putatively interact with cancer cells in deep tissues. The sGRAPHIC system enables the isolation of metastatic niche-associated tissue-resident cells for their characterization using a single-cell RNA sequencing platform. We use this sGRAPHIC-leveraged transcriptomic platform to uncover gene expression patterns in metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes in a murine model of liver metastasis. Among the marker genes of metastatic niche-associated hepatocytes, we identify Lgals3, encoding galectin-3, as a potential pro-metastatic factor that accelerates metastatic growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Minegishi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for Tenure Track Promotion, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miura
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- MediGear International Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yo Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihiko Takeda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Hiramoto T, Kashiwakura Y, Hayakawa M, Baatartsogt N, Kamoshita N, Abe T, Inaba H, Nishimasu H, Uosaki H, Hanazono Y, Nureki O, Ohmori T. PAM-flexible Cas9-mediated base editing of a hemophilia B mutation in induced pluripotent stem cells. Commun Med (Lond) 2023; 3:56. [PMID: 37076593 PMCID: PMC10115777 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Base editing via CRISPR-Cas9 has garnered attention as a method for correcting disease-specific mutations without causing double-strand breaks, thereby avoiding large deletions and translocations in the host chromosome. However, its reliance on the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) can limit its use. We aimed to restore a disease mutation in a patient with severe hemophilia B using base editing with SpCas9-NG, a modified Cas9 with the board PAM flexibility. METHODS We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with hemophilia B (c.947T>C; I316T) and established HEK293 cells and knock-in mice expressing the patient's F9 cDNA. We transduced the cytidine base editor (C>T), including the nickase version of Cas9 (wild-type SpCas9 or SpCas9-NG), into the HEK293 cells and knock-in mice through plasmid transfection and an adeno-associated virus vector, respectively. RESULTS Here we demonstrate the broad PAM flexibility of SpCas9-NG near the mutation site. The base-editing approach using SpCas9-NG but not wild-type SpCas9 successfully converts C to T at the mutation in the iPSCs. Gene-corrected iPSCs differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and express substantial levels of F9 mRNA after subrenal capsule transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Additionally, SpCas9-NG-mediated base editing corrects the mutation in both HEK293 cells and knock-in mice, thereby restoring the production of the coagulation factor. CONCLUSION A base-editing approach utilizing the broad PAM flexibility of SpCas9-NG can provide a solution for the treatment of genetic diseases, including hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Hiramoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuji Kashiwakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Morisada Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
- Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nemekhbayar Baatartsogt
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamoshita
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
- Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimasu
- Structural Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
- Center for Gene Therapy Research, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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3
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Hara H, Munkh-Erdene N, Byambaa S, Hanazono Y. Nonviral Ex Vivo Genome Editing in Mouse Bona Fide Hematopoietic Stem Cells with CRISPR/Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:213-221. [PMID: 36773149 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Knock-in therapy, in which an insertion site can be controlled, would be more suitable for the treatment of genetic blood disorders as compared to conventional gene therapy with lentivirus vectors that introduce genes into the genome randomly. Recent advancements in genome editing technology have substantially improved the knock-in efficiency, making it a reality. We present the details of a virus-free CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing method for bona fide mouse hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Development of Animal Resource, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Natsagdorj Munkh-Erdene
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Suvd Byambaa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
- Division of Development of Animal Resource, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
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Chanthra N, Ahmed RE, Anzai T, Tokuyama T, Iwabuchi KA, Hanazono Y, Uosaki H. Hormone and nuclear receptor activations are required for cardiomyocyte maturation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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5
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Byambaa S, Uosaki H, Ohmori T, Hara H, Endo H, Nureki O, Hanazono Y. Non-viral ex vivo genome-editing in mouse bona fide hematopoietic stem cells with CRISPR/Cas9. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:451-462. [PMID: 33614821 PMCID: PMC7873578 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We conducted two lines of genome-editing experiments of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). First, to evaluate the genome-editing efficiency in mouse bona fide HSCs, we knocked out integrin alpha 2b (Itga2b) with Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (Cas9/RNP) and performed serial transplantation in mice. The knockout efficiency was estimated at approximately 15%. Second, giving an example of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) as a target genetic disease, we showed a proof-of-concept of universal gene correction, allowing rescue of most of X-SCID mutations, in a completely non-viral setting. We inserted partial cDNA of interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (Il2rg) into intron 1 of Il2rg via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) with Cas9/RNP and a homology-independent targeted integration (HITI)-based construct. Repaired HSCs reconstituted T lymphocytes and thymuses in SCID mice. Our results show that a non-viral genome-editing of HSCs with CRISPR/Cas9 will help cure genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvd Byambaa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Division of Functional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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6
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Ahmed RE, Chanthra N, Anzai T, Koiwai K, Murakami T, Suzuki H, Hanazono Y, Uosaki H. Sarcomere Shortening of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes using Fluorescent-Tagged Sarcomere Proteins. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33749676 DOI: 10.3791/62129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) can be produced from both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem (ES/iPS) cells. These cells provide promising sources for cardiac disease modeling. For cardiomyopathies, sarcomere shortening is one of the standard physiological assessments that are used with adult cardiomyocytes to examine their disease phenotypes. However, the available methods are not appropriate to assess the contractility of PSC-CMs, as these cells have underdeveloped sarcomeres that are invisible under phase-contrast microscopy. To address this issue and to perform sarcomere shortening with PSC-CMs, fluorescent-tagged sarcomere proteins and fluorescent live-imaging were used. Thin Z-lines and an M-line reside at both ends and the center of a sarcomere, respectively. Z-line proteins - α-Actinin (ACTN2), Telethonin (TCAP), and actin-associated LIM protein (PDLIM3) - and one M-line protein - Myomesin-2 (Myom2) - were tagged with fluorescent proteins. These tagged proteins can be expressed from endogenous alleles as knock-ins or from adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). Here, we introduce the methods to differentiate mouse and human pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes, to produce AAVs, and to perform and analyze live-imaging. We also describe the methods for producing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps for a patterned culture of PSC-CMs, which facilitates the analysis of sarcomere shortening with fluorescent-tagged proteins. To assess sarcomere shortening, time-lapse images of the beating cells were recorded at a high framerate (50-100 frames per second) under electrical stimulation (0.5-1 Hz). To analyze sarcomere length over the course of cell contraction, the recorded time-lapse images were subjected to SarcOptiM, a plug-in for ImageJ/Fiji. Our strategy provides a simple platform for investigating cardiac disease phenotypes in PSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan E Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University; Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University
| | - Keiichiro Koiwai
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
| | - Tomoki Murakami
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University;
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Abe T, Uosaki H, Shibata H, Hara H, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Fetal sheep support the development of hematopoietic cells in vivo from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 95:46-57.e8. [PMID: 33395577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report that a sheep fetal liver provides a microenvironment for generating hematopoietic cells with long-term engrafting capacity and multilineage differentiation potential from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hemogenic endothelial cells (HEs). Despite the promise of iPSCs for making any cell types, generating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is still a challenge. We hypothesized that the hematopoietic microenvironment, which exists in fetal liver but is lacking in vitro, turns iPSC-HEs into HSPCs. To test this, we transplanted CD45-negative iPSC-HEs into fetal sheep liver, in which HSPCs first grow. Within 2 months, the transplanted cells became CD45 positive and differentiated into multilineage blood cells in the fetal liver. Then, CD45-positive cells translocated to the bone marrow and were maintained there for 3 years with the capability of multilineage differentiation, indicating that hematopoietic cells with long-term engraftment potential were generated. Moreover, human hematopoietic cells were temporally enriched by xenogeneic donor-lymphocyte infusion into the sheep. This study could serve as a foundation to generate HSPCs from iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
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8
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Anzai T, Hara H, Chanthra N, Sadahiro T, Ieda M, Hanazono Y, Uosaki H. Generation of Efficient Knock-in Mouse and Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2320:247-259. [PMID: 34302663 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1484-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A knock-in can generate fluorescent or Cre-reporter under the control of an endogenous promoter. It also generates knock-out or tagged-protein with fluorescent protein and short tags for tracking and purification. Recent advances in genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) significantly increased the efficiencies of making knock-in cells. Here we describe the detailed protocols of generating knock-in mouse and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) by electroporation and lipofection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Animal Resource Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taketaro Sadahiro
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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9
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Byambaa S, Uosaki H, Hara H, Nagao Y, Abe T, Shibata H, Nureki O, Ohmori T, Hanazono Y. Generation of novel Il2rg-knockout mice with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and Cas9. Exp Anim 2019; 69:189-198. [PMID: 31801915 PMCID: PMC7220705 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is an inherited genetic disorder. A majority of X-SCID subjects carries point mutations in the Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (IL2RG) gene. In contrast, Il2rg-knockout mice recapitulating X-SCID phenotype lack a large part of Il2rg instead of point mutations. In this study, we generated novel X-SCID mouse strains with small insertion and deletion (InDel) mutations in Il2rg by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9. To this end, we injected Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) mRNA and single guide RNA targeting the exon 2, 3 or 4 of Il2rg into mouse zygotes. In the F0 generation, we obtained 35 pups and 25 out of them were positive for Surveyor assay, and most of mutants displayed dramatic reductions of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. By amplicon sequencing, 15 out of 31 founder mice were determined as monoallelic mutants with possible minor mosaicisms while 10 mice were mosaic. Finally, we established new strains with 7-nucleotide deletion and 1-nucleotide insertions in the exon 2 and the exons 3 and 4, respectively. Although no IL2RG protein was detected on T cells of exons 3 and 4 mutants, IL2RG protein was unexpectedly detected in the exon 2 mutants. These data indicated that CRISPR/Cas9 targeting Il2rg causes InDel mutations effectively and generates genetically X-SCID mice. Genetic mutations, however, did not necessarily grant phenotypical alteration, which requires an intensive analysis after establishing a strain to confirm their phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvd Byambaa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Nagao
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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10
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Hara H, Shibata H, Nakano K, Abe T, Uosaki H, Ohnuki T, Hishikawa S, Kunita S, Watanabe M, Nureki O, Nagashima H, Hanazono Y. Production and rearing of germ-free X-SCID pigs. Exp Anim 2017; 67:139-146. [PMID: 29162766 PMCID: PMC5955745 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) caused by a mutation of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene (IL2RG) are of value for a wide range of studies. However, they do not survive longer than 8 weeks because of their susceptibility to infections. To allow longer survival of X-SCID pigs, the animals must be born and reared under germ-free conditions. Here, we established an efficient system for piglet derivation by hysterectomy and used it to obtain and maintain a germ-free X-SCID pig. In four trials using pregnant wild-type pigs, 66% of piglets after hysterectomy started spontaneous breathing (range of 20-100% per litter). The resuscitation rate was found to negatively correlate with elapsed time from the uterus excision to piglet derivation (r=-0.97, P<0.05). Therefore, it is critical to deliver piglets within 5 min to achieve a high resuscitation rate (82% estimated from regression analysis). In a fifth trial with an IL2RG+/- pig, four piglets were delivered within 4.2 min of uterus excision and three were alive (75%). One of the live born piglets was genotypically and phenotypically determined to be X-SCID and was reared for 12 weeks. The X-SCID piglet was free from both bacteria and fungi at all time points tested by microbial culture and grew without any abnormal signs or symptoms. This study showed successful production and rearing of germ-free pigs, enabling experiments involving long-term follow-up of X-SCID pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohnuki
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuji Hishikawa
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunita
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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11
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Abstract
Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology (CDAMTec) in Jichi Medical University was established in 2009. It is the first educational research facility specialized for medical research and training using swine in Japan. Preclinical studies on large animals are essential prior to clinical trials to develop regenerative medical products and medical equipment. We have continued comprehensively considering using miniature swine for experiments to develop advanced medical technologies and train physicians with advanced clinical abilities, while paying attention to animal welfare. The center plays a pioneering role in this field by accumulating know-how such as (1) Construction and effective utilization of research facilities, (2) Procurement of quality animal resources, (3) Education and training of technical staff, (4) Establishment of support system for physicians and researchers. We now open up widely these expertise and foundation for medical research and training not only within our university but also outside the university, so as to move faster to practical use of advanced medical technology and contribute to human health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobayashi
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunita
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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12
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Abe T, Matsuoka Y, Nagao Y, Sonoda Y, Hanazono Y. CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells show distinct expression profiles of homing molecules that limit engraftment in mice and sheep. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:631-637. [PMID: 28687990 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We and others have reported that human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are also present in the CD34-negative (CD34-) fraction of human cord blood (CB). Here, we examined the hematopoietic engraftment potential of 13 or 18 lineage-negative (13Lin- or 18Lin-) CD34+/- cells from human CB in mice and sheep. Both 13Lin- and 18Lin- CD34+ cells efficiently engrafted in mice irrespective of transplantation route, be it by tail-vein injection (TVI) or by intra-bone marrow injection (IBMI). These cells also engrafted in sheep after in utero fetal intra-hepatic injection (IHI). In contrast, neither 13Lin- nor 18Lin- CD34- cells engrafted in either mice or sheep when transplanted by regular routes (i.e., TVI and fetal IHI, respectively), although both 13Lin- and 18Lin- CD34- cells engrafted in mice when transplanted by IBMI and exhibited multilineage reconstitution ability. Thus, the homing ability of CD34- HSCs is significantly more limited than that of CD34+ HSCs. As for 18Lin-, CD34- HSCs are characterized by low expression of the tetraspanin CD9, which promotes homing, and high expression of the peptidase CD26, which inhibits homing. This unique expression pattern homing-related molecules on CD34- HSCs could thus explain in part their reduced ability to home to the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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13
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Abe T, Kono S, Ohnuki T, Hishikawa S, Kunita S, Hanazono Y. A swine model of acute thrombocytopenia with prolonged bleeding time produced by busulfan. Exp Anim 2016; 65:345-351. [PMID: 27333841 PMCID: PMC5111837 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of thrombocytopenia are indispensable for evaluating the in
vivo efficacy of hemostatic agents, cryopreserved platelets, and artificial
platelets, but no large animal models are available. In this study, we generated a swine
model of acute thrombocytopenia with prolonged bleeding times by administering the
chemotherapeutic drug busulfan. First, we tested multiple doses of busulfan (4, 6, and 8
mg/kg) in pigs, and found that 6 mg/kg of busulfan is an optimal dose for producing a safe
and moderate thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count of less than
30,000/µl. The pigs administered 6 mg/kg of busulfan (n=8) reached half
their initial counts at day 7, counts below 30,000/µl at day 12, and
their nadirs at day 15 (on average). The minimal platelet count was
14,000/µl. With this dose of busulfan (6 mg/kg), bleeding times were
significantly prolonged in addition to the decrease in platelet counts
(r=−0.63, P<0.01), while there were no cases of
apparent hemorrhage. White blood cell counts were maintained at over
5,000/µl, and there were no infections or other adverse events
including anemia or appetite or body weight loss. All pigs were sacrificed on day 16, with
subsequent examination showing a significant reduction in cellularity and colony-forming
units in the bone marrow, indicating that thrombocytopenia was the result of
myelosuppression. In summary, administration with 6 mg/kg of busulfan induces safe and
moderate thrombocytopenia with a prolonged bleeding time in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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14
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Arai Y, Fukukawa H, Atozi T, Matsumoto S, Hanazono Y, Nagashima H, Ohgane J. Ultra-Deep Bisulfite Sequencing to Detect Specific DNA Methylation Patterns of Minor Cell Types in Heterogeneous Cell Populations: An Example of the Pituitary Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146498. [PMID: 26752725 PMCID: PMC4709138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification important for cell fate determination and cell type-specific gene expression. Transcriptional regulatory regions of the mammalian genome contain a large number of tissue/cell type-dependent differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs) with DNA methylation patterns crucial for transcription of the corresponding genes. In general, tissues consist of multiple cell types in various proportions, making it difficult to detect T-DMRs of minor cell types in tissues. The present study attempts to detect T-DMRs of minor cell types in tissues by ultra-deep bisulfite sequencing of cell type-restricted genes and to assume proportions of minor cell types based on DNA methylation patterns of sequenced reads. For this purpose, we focused on transcriptionally active hypomethylated alleles (Hypo-alleles), which can be recognized by the high ratio of unmethylated CpGs in each sequenced read (allele). The pituitary gland contains multiple cell types including five hormone-expressing cell types and stem/progenitor cells, each of which is a minor cell type in the pituitary tissue. By ultra-deep sequencing of more than 100 reads for detection of Hypo-alleles in pituitary cell type-specific genes, we identified T-DMRs specific to hormone-expressing cells and stem/progenitor cells and used them to estimate the proportions of each cell type based on the Hypo-allele ratio in pituitary tissue. Therefore, introduction of the novel Hypo-allele concept enabled us to detect T-DMRs of minor cell types with estimation of their proportions in the tissue by ultra-deep bisulfite sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Arai
- Laboratory of Genomic function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hisho Fukukawa
- Laboratory of Genomic function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takanori Atozi
- Laboratory of Genomic function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shoma Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Genomic function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Ohgane
- Laboratory of Genomic function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hanazono Y. [iPS-cell research using swine]. Nihon Rinsho 2015; 73 Suppl 5:360-364. [PMID: 30458079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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16
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Nagao Y, Abe T, Hara A, Sarentonglaga B, Yamaguchi M, Ogata K, Fukumori R, Hanazono Y. 334 FACTORS AFFECTING HEMATOPOIETIC ENGRAFTMENT OF MONKEY EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS IN SHEEP FETUSES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we generated monkey/sheep haematopoietic chimeras by in utero transplantation (IUT) of monkey embryonic stem (ES); however, the factors that control how the ES cells successfully engraft and differentiate into haematopoietic tissue in sheep fetuses remain uncertain. Here, we examined factors that might influence donor cells and recipient sheep and affect successful ES cell engraftment. We transplanted either undifferentiated monkey ES cells or ES-derived cells at an early haematopoietic differentiation stage into sheep fetuses. The latter cells were allowed to differentiate by culturing on OP9 cell layers for 6 days. Cells were transplanted into the liver or subcutaneous tissue of recipient sheep fetuses at 43 to 50 or 51 to 67 days of gestation (full term = 147 days) using ultrasound to identify the site for transplantation. After birth, monkey haematopoietic engraftment in the bone marrow was analysed in 40 lambs using colony-PCR with cells grown in methylcellulose in the presence of defined cytokines; teratoma formation was analysed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. We found that haematopoietic engraftment was only observed when ES-derived cells at the early differentiation stage were transplanted into fetal livers at 51 to 67 days of gestation (6/9). However, teratoma formation with mature monkey tissue structures was only observed following transplantation of undifferentiated ES cells into fetal subcutaneous tissues at 43 to 50 days of gestation (4/6), but that was not observed when both types of cells were transplanted into the liver (0/18) or at 51 to 67 days of gestation (0/24). These results demonstrate that the differentiation status of the donor cells, the transplantation site, and the age of the fetus at transplantation are important factors in engraftment and differentiation into haematopoietic tissue or teratoma formation in sheep fetuses.
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17
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Matsunari H, Watanabe M, Nakano K, Uchikura A, Asano Y, Hatae S, Takeishi T, Umeyama K, Nagaya M, Miyagawa S, Hanazono Y, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H. 31 PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF GENE KNOCKOUT PIGS USING GENOME EDITING AND SOMATIC CELL CLONING. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv27n1ab31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing technologies have been used as a powerful strategy for the generation of genetically modified pigs. We previously developed genetically modified clone pigs with organogenesis-disabled phenotypes, as well as pigs exhibiting diseases with similar features to those of humans. Here, we report the production efficiency of various gene knockout cloned pigs from somatic cells that were genetically modified using zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) or transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN). The ZFN- or TALEN-encoding mRNAs, which targeted 7 autosomal or X-linked genes, were introduced into porcine fetal fibroblast cells using electroporation. Clonal cell populations carrying induced mutations were selected after limiting dilution. The targeted portion of the genes was amplified using PCR, followed by sequencing and mutation analysis. Among the collected knockout cell colonies, cells showing good proliferation and morphology were selected and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In vitro-matured oocytes were obtained from porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes cultured in NCSU23-based medium and were used to obtain recipient oocytes for SCNT after enucleation. SCNT was performed as reported previously (Matsunari et al. 2008). The cloned embryos were cultured for 7 days in porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 to assess their developmental ability. Cloned embryos were transplanted into the oviduct or uterus of oestrus-synchronized recipient gilts to evaluate their competence to develop to fetuses or piglets. Cloned embryos reconstructed with 7 types of knockout cells showed equal development to blastocysts compared with those derived from the wild-type cells (54.5–83.3% v. 60.7%). Our data (Table 1) demonstrated that the reconstructed embryos derived from knockout cells could efficiently give rise to cloned offspring regardless of the type of genome editing methodology (i.e. ZFN or TALEN).
Table 1.Production efficiency of gene knockout cloned pigs using genome editing
This study was supported by JST, ERATO, the Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, JST, CREST, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26870630.
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18
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Abstract
Xenograft models of human hematopoiesis are essential to the study of the engraftment and
proliferative potential of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo.
Immunodeficient mice and fetal sheep are often used as xenogeneic recipients because they
are immunologically naive. In this study, we transplanted human HSCs into fetal sheep and
assessed the long-term engraftment of transplanted human HSCs after birth. Fourteen sheep
were used in this study. In 4 fetal sheep, HSCs were transduced with homeo-box B4
(HOXB4) gene before transplantation, which promoted the expansion of
HSCs. Another 4 fetal sheep were subjected to non-myeloablative conditioning with
busulfan. Seven of these 8 sheep showed successful engraftment of human HSCs (1–3% of
colony-forming units) as assessed after the birth of fetal sheep (5 months
post-transplantation), although HOXB4-transduced HSCs showed sustained
engraftment for up to 40 months. Intact HSCs were transplanted into six non-conditioned
fetal sheep, and human colony-forming units were not detected in the sheep after birth.
These results suggest that, as compared with mouse models, where the short lifespan of
mice limits long-term follow-up of HSC engraftment, the fetal sheep model provides a
unique perspective for evaluating long-term engraftment and proliferation of human
HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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19
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Watanabe M, Nakano K, Matsunari H, Matsuda T, Maehara M, Kanai T, Kobayashi M, Matsumura Y, Sakai R, Kuramoto M, Hayashida G, Asano Y, Takayanagi S, Arai Y, Umeyama K, Nagaya M, Hanazono Y, Nagashima H. Generation of interleukin-2 receptor gamma gene knockout pigs from somatic cells genetically modified by zinc finger nuclease-encoding mRNA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76478. [PMID: 24130776 PMCID: PMC3793986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) is a powerful tool for genome editing. ZFN-encoding plasmid DNA expression systems have been recently employed for the generation of gene knockout (KO) pigs, although one major limitation of this technology is the use of potentially harmful genome-integrating plasmid DNAs. Here we describe a simple, non-integrating strategy for generating KO pigs using ZFN-encoding mRNA. The interleukin-2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene was knocked out in porcine fetal fibroblasts using ZFN-encoding mRNAs, and IL2RG KO pigs were subsequently generated using these KO cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The resulting IL2RG KO pigs completely lacked a thymus and were deficient in T and NK cells, similar to human X-linked SCID patients. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of ZFN-encoding mRNAs and SCNT provides a simple robust method for producing KO pigs without genomic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Watanabe
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuda
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Maehara
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kanai
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Mirina Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yukina Matsumura
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Rieko Sakai
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Momoko Kuramoto
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Gota Hayashida
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asano
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shuko Takayanagi
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Arai
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research (MUIIBR), Kawasaki, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Arai Y, Ohgane J, Fujishiro SH, Nakano K, Matsunari H, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Azuma D, Uchida N, Sakamoto N, Makino T, Yagi S, Shiota K, Hanazono Y, Nagashima H. DNA methylation profiles provide a viable index for porcine pluripotent stem cells. Genesis 2013; 51:763-76. [PMID: 23913699 PMCID: PMC4237151 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide useful information for translational research. The quality of iPSCs can be assessed by their ability to differentiate into various cell types after chimera formation. However, analysis of chimera formation in pigs is a labor-intensive and costly process, necessitating a simple evaluation method for porcine iPSCs. Our previous study identified mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-specific hypomethylated loci (EShypo-T-DMRs), and, in this study, 36 genes selected from these were used to evaluate porcine iPSC lines. Based on the methylation profiles of the 36 genes, the iPSC line, Porco Rosso-4, was found closest to mouse pluripotent stem cells among 5 porcine iPSCs. Moreover, Porco Rosso-4 more efficiently contributed to the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts than the iPSC line showing the lowest reprogramming of the 36 genes (Porco Rosso-622-14), indicating that the DNA methylation profile correlates with efficiency of ICM contribution. Furthermore, factors known to enhance iPSC quality (serum-free medium with PD0325901 and CHIR99021) improved the methylation status at the 36 genes. Thus, the DNA methylation profile of these 36 genes is a viable index for evaluation of porcine iPSCs. genesis 51:763–776. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Arai
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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21
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Hanazono Y. [Stem cell research using large animals]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2013; 54:329-335. [PMID: 23666213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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22
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Nakano K, Watanabe M, Matsunari H, Matsuda T, Honda K, Maehara M, Kanai T, Hayashida G, Kobayashi M, Umeyama K, Fujishiro S, Mizukami Y, Nagaya M, Hanazono Y, Nagashima H. 297 PRODUCTION OF CHIMERIC PORCINE FETUSES BY AGGREGATION METHOD USING PARTHENOGENETIC EMBRYOS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are considered to be an invaluable research tool in translational research with pigs as a large animal model. Pluripotency of the iPS cells needs to be verified by their competence to contribute to chimera formation. The aim of the present study is to establish feasible system to create chimeric pig fetuses using parthenogenetic embryos. In Experiment 1, inner cell mass (ICM) was isolated by immunosurgery from Day 6 blastocysts obtained by parthenogenetic activation of in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes. Isolated ICM were used as the donor cells after staining with fluorescent carbocyanine dye (DiI). Using parthenogenetic morulae or 4- to 8-cell embryos as the host embryos, chimeric embryos were prepared by injection or aggregation method. Injection of ICM was performed by micromanipulation: a single ICM was directly injected into the centre portion of the host morulae. In the aggregation method, a single ICM was aggregated with blastomeres isolated from 2 host embryos at the morula or 4- to 8-cell stage in a micro-well (400 µm diameter, 300 µm deep). The chimeric embryos were cultured in PZM-5 (Yoshioka et al. 2008) for 2 to 3 days to examine development to blastocysts and incorporation of donor ICM cells into the resultant blastocysts ICM (ICM chimerism). In Experiment 2, donor blastomeres isolated from a parthenogenetic morula or 4- to 8-cell embryo were stained by DiI and aggregated with a parthenogenetic host embryo at the morula or 4- to 8-cell stage, and the in vitro development to the blastocyst stage and the ICM chimerism were examined. In Experiment 3, ICM isolated from IVF blastocysts harboring humanized Kusabira-Orange (huKO) gene were used as donor cells. Donor ICM were aggregated with the host embryos at the morula or 4- to 8-cell stage, and the resultant blastocysts were transferred to 4 recipient gilts to collect fetuses on Day 18. Results of Experiments 1 and 2 are summarised in Table 1. Combination of the donor ICM and host morulae yielded high rates of blastocyst formation (~95%) and ICM chimerism (~85%), regardless of the method used (injection or aggregation). Transfer of 73 blastocysts developed from host morulae to 2 recipients (Experiment 3) gave rise to 25 (34.2%) fetuses, of which 6 (24.0%) were confirmed to be chimeric by their clear orange fluorescence and immunostaining by anti-huKO antibody. Of 22 (40.7%) fetuses obtained after transfer of 54 blastocysts derived from 4- to 8-cell host embryos to 2 recipients, 3 (13.6%) were chimeric. Contribution of the donor cells in the tissues of the chimeric fetuses measured by image analysis software (ImageJ, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) ranged between 16.1 and 65.2%. These results demonstrate that the aggregation method using parthenogenetic host embryos is an efficient means to produce chimeric pig fetuses, and thereby feasible for verification of pluripotent cells such as iPS cells.
Table 1.In vitro development of injected or aggregated porcine embryos
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Maehara M, Matsunari H, Honda K, Nakano K, Takeuchi Y, Kanai T, Matsuda T, Matsumura Y, Takahashi M, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Hanazono Y, Nagashima H. 67 A HOLLOW FIBER VITRIFICATION METHOD ENABLES CRYOBANKING OF IN VITRO-MATURATION/IN VITRO-FERTILIZATION-DERIVED TRANSGENIC PIG EMBRYOS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed a novel high-performance embryo cryopreservation method: the hollow fiber vitrification (HFV) method (Matsunari et al. 2012 J. Reprod. Dev., in press). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the utility of the HFV method for the cryopreservation of transgenic pig embryos produced by in vitro oocyte maturation/fertilization (IVM/IVF). In vitro-matured oocytes were inseminated with cryopreserved epididymal sperm (Kikuchi et al. 1998 Theriogenology 50, 615–623) from a transgenic pig carrying the humanized Kusabira-Orange gene (Matsunari et al. 2008 Cloning Stem Cell 10, 313–323) and then cultured for 96 h. Morulae with normal morphology were divided into the vitrification and nonvitrification groups. The vitrification of embryos was performed by the HFV method using 20-mM HEPES-buffered TCM199 containing 20% calf serum as a base medium. Cellulose acetate hollow fibers (25 mm), each containing 10 to 20 embryos, were placed in an equilibration solution containing 7.5% ethylene glycol and 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide for 5 to 7 min and were then placed for 1 min in the vitrification solution containing 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 0.5 M sucrose. The embryos were then vitrified by immersion in liquid nitrogen and held there for 5 to 10 min. The embryos were warmed by immersing the hollow fiber in a 1-M sucrose solution at 38.5°C, followed by a stepwise dilution of the cryoprotectants using 0.5-M sucrose solution (3 min) and the base medium (10 min). Vitrified and nonvitrified embryos were cultured for 40 h, and their development into blastocysts was evaluated. The in vitro development of vitrified embryos to the blastocyst stage was compared with that of the nonvitrified controls on Day 6. In the embryo-transfer experiments, blastocysts at either Day 5 or Day 6 from both the vitrification and nonvitrification groups were transferred to 3 recipient gilts per group (25–32 blastocysts/gilt), and their development through farrowing was compared. To test long-term preservation, some of the vitrified morulae were kept in liquid nitrogen for 43 days, and their development to Day 30 fetuses was evaluated after transfer to an additional recipient. The differences in proportional data between the 2 groups were analyzed with the χ2-test. Of the 393 putative zygotes obtained by IVM/IVF, 169 (43.0%) developed into morulae. In vitro development of the vitrified morulae to blastocysts (66/85, 77.6%) was comparable with that of the nonvitrified morulae (67/84, 79.8%, not significant: NS). The embryo-transfer experiments resulted in pregnancy in all 6 of the recipients. The production efficiency of piglets (piglets/embryos transferred) was 17/88 (19.3%) for the vitrification group and 27/88 (27.7%, NS) for the nonvitrification group. Approximately 50% of the offspring in both groups were transgenic. Long-term cryopreservation using the HFV method resulted in similar piglet production efficiency (7 piglets produced out of 32 embryos transferred). This study demonstrated for the first time that the HFV method effectively cryopreserves IVM/IVF-derived transgenic pig embryos.
Supported by the JST CREST program.
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Fujishiro SH, Nakano K, Mizukami Y, Azami T, Arai Y, Matsunari H, Ishino R, Nishimura T, Watanabe M, Abe T, Furukawa Y, Umeyama K, Yamanaka S, Ema M, Nagashima H, Hanazono Y. Generation of naive-like porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells capable of contributing to embryonic and fetal development. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:473-82. [PMID: 22889279 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), there are 2 types: naive and primed. Only the naive type has the capacity for producing chimeric offspring. Mouse PSCs are naive, but human PSCs are in the primed state. Previously reported porcine PSCs appear in the primed state. In this study, putative naive porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated. Porcine embryonic fibroblasts were transduced with retroviral vectors expressing Yamanaka's 4 genes. Emergent colonies were propagated in the presence of porcine leukemia inhibitory factor (pLIF) and forskolin. The cells expressed pluripotency markers and formed embryoid bodies, which gave rise to cell types from all 3 embryonic germ layers. The naive state of the cells was demonstrated by pLIF dependency, 2 active X chromosomes (when female), absent MHC class I expression, and characteristic gene expression profiles. The porcine iPSCs contributed to the in vitro embryonic development (11/24, 45.8%) as assessed by fluorescent markers. They also contributed to the in utero fetal development (11/71, 15.5% at day 23; 1/13, 7.7% at day 65). This is the first demonstration of macroscopic fluorescent chimeras derived from naive-like porcine PSCs, although adult chimeras remain to be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuh-hei Fujishiro
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Maehara M, Matsunari H, Honda K, Nakano K, Takeuchi Y, Kanai T, Matsuda T, Matsumura Y, Hagiwara Y, Sasayama N, Shirasu A, Takahashi M, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Hanazono Y, Nagashima H. Hollow fiber vitrification provides a novel method for cryopreserving in vitro maturation/fertilization-derived porcine embryos. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:133. [PMID: 23053438 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro matured (IVM) oocytes have been used to create genetically modified pigs for various biomedical purposes. However, porcine embryos derived from IVM oocytes are very cryosensitive. Developing improved cryopreservation methods would facilitate the production of genetically modified pigs and also accelerate the conservation of genetic resources. We recently developed a novel hollow fiber vitrification (HFV) method; the present study was initiated to determine whether this new method permits the cryopreservation of IVM oocyte-derived porcine embryos. Embryos were created from the in vitro fertilization of IVM oocytes with frozen-thawed sperm derived from a transgenic pig carrying a humanized Kusabira-Orange (huKO) gene. Morula-stage embryos were assigned to vitrification and nonvitrification groups to compare their in vitro and in vivo developmental abilities. Vitrified morulae developed to the blastocyst stage at a rate similar to that of nonvitrified embryos (66/85, 77.6% vs. 67/84, 79.8%). Eighty-eight blastocysts that developed from vitrified morulae were transferred into the uteri of three recipient gilts. All three became pregnant and produced a total of 17 piglets (19.3%). This piglet production was slightly lower, albeit not significantly, than that of the nonvitrification group (27/88, 30.7%). Approximately half of the piglets in the vitrification (10/17, 58.8%) and nonvitrification (15/27, 55.6%) groups were transgenic. There was no significant difference in the growth rates among the piglets in the two groups. These results indicate that the HFV method is an extremely effective method for preserving cryosensitive embryos such as porcine in vitro maturation/fertilization-derived morulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Maehara
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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Masuda S, Yokoo T, Sugimoto N, Doi M, Fujishiro SH, Takeuchi K, Kobayashi E, Hanazono Y. A Simplified In Vitro Teratoma Assay for Pluripotent Stem Cells Injected Into Rodent Fetal Organs. Cell Med 2012; 3:103-112. [PMID: 28058187 DOI: 10.3727/215517912x639351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Teratoma formation assays are established methods for evaluating the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Teratoma formation in immunodeficient mice takes approximately 2 months. Here, we have developed a novel assay system for developing teratomas in vitro from ES cells and iPS cells in a short period. In vitro culture of ES, iPS, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in fetal rat metanephroi for 1 week resulted in distinct cell-dependent distribution patterns: Pluripotent cells (ES and iPS cells) formed aggregated masses, whereas MSCs showed disseminated distribution. The aggregated masses that had developed from ES cells and iPS cells after 2 weeks of culture comprised teratomas, though they were largely composed of immature components. Furthermore, in vitro organ culture for 1 week followed by relay transplantation into immunodeficient mice resulted in considerably rapid growing teratomas (teratomas developed in 4 weeks) having similar pathological features as of the teratomas developed using conventional 7-week in vivo teratoma formation assays. In addition, the initial cell number required in the in vitro assay was 1 × 103 cells, which was about 1% of the number of cells required in the conventional in vivo teratoma formation assays. These results suggest that the in vitro teratoma assay is a rapid and convenient screening system and might be an alternative method for developing teratomas for investigating the pluripotency of ES cells and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- †Division of Development of Advanced Treatment (DDAT), Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology (CDAMTec), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; ‡Project Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Sugimoto
- †Division of Development of Advanced Treatment (DDAT), Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology (CDAMTec), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; §Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Doi
- †Division of Development of Advanced Treatment (DDAT), Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology (CDAMTec), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; §Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuh-Hei Fujishiro
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- ¶Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- †Division of Development of Advanced Treatment (DDAT), Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology (CDAMTec), Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; §Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Hanazono Y. [Generation of high quality induced pluripotent stem cells]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:1060-1063. [PMID: 22256606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Abe T, Masuda S, Ban H, Hayashi S, Ueda Y, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Ex vivo expansion of human HSCs with Sendai virus vector expressing HoxB4 assessed by sheep in utero transplantation. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:47-54. [PMID: 20875838 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The homeobox B4 (HoxB4) gene promotes expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, frequent development of leukemia in large animals due to retrovirally transduced HoxB4 gene has been reported. To prevent tumorigenesis, we developed a nonintegrating and nonreplicating Sendai virus vector that did not contain the phosphoprotein gene (SeV/ΔP), which enabled clearance of the vector and transgene shortly after transduction. We tested the SeV/ΔP vector expressing the HoxB4 gene (SeV/ΔP/HoxB4) for the ex vivo expansion of human cord blood CD34(+) cells (HSCs) using a sheep in utero transplantation assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human HSCs were ex vivo-expanded by transduction with SeV/ΔP/HoxB4 vector and transplanted into the abdominal cavity of fetal sheep. The engraftment of human HSCs in the lambs was quantitatively evaluated by hematopoietic colony-forming unit assays. RESULTS After transplantation, the HoxB4-transduced HSCs contributed to longer-period (up to 20 months) repopulation in sheep, and human hematopoietic progenitors were detected more frequently in the bone marrow of the HoxB4 group as compared with the control untreated group (p < 0.05). The expansion of human HSCs with the SeV/ΔP/HoxB4 vector was comparable with previously reported retroviral vectors expressing HoxB4. The SeV/ΔP/HoxB4 vector and the transgene were cleared from the recipient sheep and leukemia was not detected at 20 months post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The SeV/ΔP vector would be suitable for transient expression of HoxB4 in human CD34(+) cells. In addition, the SeV/ΔP vector is free of concern about transgene-related and insertional leukemogenesis and should be safer than retroviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Masuda S, Abe T, Hayashi S, Kitano Y, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Intravascular route is not superior to an intraperitoneal route for in utero transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells and engraftment in sheep. Transplantation 2010; 90:462-3. [PMID: 20720481 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181eac3c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Masuda S, Kumano K, Suzuki T, Tomita T, Iwatsubo T, Natsugari H, Tojo A, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K, Hanazono Y, Ogawa S, Kurokawa M, Chiba S. Dual antitumor mechanisms of Notch signaling inhibitor in a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenograft model. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:2444-50. [PMID: 19775286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of Notch signaling is required for the proliferation of a subgroup of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL). Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Notch signaling inhibitors for treating T-ALL. To further examine this possibility, we applied a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) to T-ALL xenograft models. Treatment of established subcutaneous tumors with GSI resulted in partial or complete regression of tumors arising from four T-ALL cell lines that were also sensitive to GSI in vitro. To elucidate the mechanism of action, we transduced DND-41 cells with the active form of Notch1 (aN1), which conferred resistance to in vitro GSI treatment. Nevertheless, in vivo treatment with GSI induced a partial but significant regression of subcutaneous tumors that developed from aN1-transduced DND-41 cells, whereas it induced complete regression of tumors that developed from mock-transduced DND-41 cells. These findings indicate that the remarkable efficacy of GSI might be attributable to dual mechanisms, directly via apoptosis of DND-41 cells through the inhibition of cell-autonomous Notch signaling, and indirectly via disturbance of tumor angiogenesis through the inhibition of non-cell-autonomous Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Masuda
- Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagao Y, Abe T, Hasegawa H, Tanaka Y, Sasaki K, Kitano Y, Hayashi S, Hanazono Y. Improved efficacy and safety of in utero cell transplantation in sheep using an ultrasound-guided method. Cloning Stem Cells 2009; 11:281-5. [PMID: 19522675 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the suitability of two methods for the transplantation of cells into ovine fetuses. The first method was an ultrasound-guided cell injection via the uterine wall. The second involved hysterotomic cell injection with an incision in the uterine wall exposing the amnion. Monkey embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived hematopoietic cells were used as donor cells. After transplantation, the abortion rate associated with the hysterotomic injection method was significantly higher than that of the ultrasound-guided injection method (8/13 versus 4/24; P < 0.01). The fetuses were delivered to examine the engraftment of transplanted monkey hematopoietic cells. Monkey cells were detected in one of the five animals (20%) in the hysterotomic injection group, and 14 of 20 animals (70%, P < 0.05) in the ultrasound-guided injection group. Therefore, the ultrasound-guided method was effectively shown to be minimally invasive for in utero transplantation and can produce a higher rate of engraftment for transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nagao
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University , Tochigi, Japan .
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Tanaka Y, Ikeda T, Kishi Y, Masuda S, Shibata H, Takeuchi K, Komura M, Iwanaka T, Muramatsu SI, Kondo Y, Takahashi K, Yamanaka S, Hanazono Y. ERas is Expressed in Primate Embryonic Stem Cells but not Related to Tumorigenesis. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:381-9. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909788809794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERas gene promotes the proliferation of and formation of teratomas by mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, its human orthologue is not expressed in human ES cells. This implies that the behavior of transplanted mouse ES cells would not accurately reflect the behavior of transplanted human ES cells and that the use of nonhuman primate models might be more appropriate to demonstrate the safety of human ES cell-based therapies. However, the expression of the ERas gene has not been examined in nonhuman primate ES cells. In this study, we cloned the cynomolgus homologue and showed that the ERas gene is expressed in cynomolgus ES cells. Notably, it is also expressed in cynomolgus ES cell-derived differentiated progeny as well as cynomolgus adult tissues. The ERas protein is detectable in various cynomolgus tissues as assessed by immunohistochemisty. Cynomolgus ES cell-derived teratoma cells, which also expressed the ERas gene at higher levels than the undifferentiated cynomolgus ES cells, did not develop tumors in NOD/Shi- scid, IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice. Even when the ERas gene was overexpressed in cynomolgus stromal cells, only the plating efficiency was improved and the proliferation was not promoted. Thus, it is unlikely that ERas contributes to the tumorigenicity of cynomolgus cells. Therefore, cynomolgus ES cells are more similar to human than mouse ES cells despite that ERas is expressed in cynomolgus and mouse ES cells but not in human ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamako Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Komura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iwanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Kishi Y, Tanaka Y, Shibata H, Nakamura S, Takeuchi K, Masuda S, Ikeda T, Muramatsu SI, Hanazono Y. Variation in the Incidence of Teratomas after the Transplantation of Nonhuman Primate ES Cells into Immunodeficient Mice. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:1095-1102. [DOI: 10.3727/096368908786991560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to generate teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, but conditions affecting the generation remain to be elucidated. Nonhuman primate cynomolgus ES cells were transplanted into immunodeficient mice under different conditions; the number of transplanted cells, physical state (clumps or single dissociated cells), transplant site, differentiation state, and immunological state of recipient mice were all varied. The tumorigenicity was then evaluated. When cynomolgus ES cells were transplanted as clumps into the lower limb muscle in either nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) or NOD/SCID/?cnull (NOG) mice, teratomas developed in all the animals transplanted with 1 × 105 or more cells, but were not observed in any mouse transplanted with 1 × 103 cells. However, when the cells were transplanted as dissociated cells, the number of cells necessary for teratomas to form in all mice increased to 5 × 105. When the clump cells were injected subcutaneously (instead of intramuscularly), the number also increased to 5 × 105. When cynomolgus ES cell-derived progenitor cells (1 × 106), which included residual pluripotent cells, were transplanted into the lower limb muscle of NOG or NOD/SCID mice, the incidence of teratomas differed between the strains; teratomas developed in five of five NOG mice but in only two of five NOD/SCID mice. The incidence of teratomas varied substantially depending on the transplanted cells and recipient mice. Thus, considerable care must be taken as to tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yujiro Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 300-2658, Japan
| | - Koichi Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tamako Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Nakamura S, Shibata H, Kishi Y, Ikeda T, Masuda S, Sasaki K, Abe T, Hayashi S, Kitano Y, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Sustained Macroscopic Engraftment of Cynomolgus Embryonic Stem Cells In Xenogeneic Large Animals After In Utero Transplantation. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:367-81. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tamako Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sasaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kitano
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Hanazono Y. [Stem cell research using monkeys]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2008; 49:240-246. [PMID: 18516867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Kishi Y, Tanaka Y, Shibata H, Nakamura S, Takeuchi K, Masuda S, Ikeda T, Muramatsu SI, Hanazono Y. Variation in the incidence of teratomas after the transplantation of nonhuman primate ES cells into immunodeficient mice. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:1095-1102. [PMID: 19177845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to generate teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, but conditions affecting the generation remain to be elucidated. Nonhuman primate cynomolgus ES cells were transplanted into immunodeficient mice under different conditions; the number of transplanted cells, physical state (clumps or single dissociated cells), transplant site, differentiation state, and immunological state of recipient mice were all varied. The tumorigenicity was then evaluated. When cynomolgus ES cells were transplanted as clumps into the lower limb muscle in either nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) or NOD/SCID/gammac(null) (NOG) mice, teratomas developed in all the animals transplanted with 1 x 10(5) or more cells, but were not observed in any mouse transplanted with 1 x 10(5) cells. However, when the cells were transplanted as dissociated cells, the number of cells necessary for teratomas to form in all mice increased to 5 x 10(5). When the clump cells were injected subcutaneously (instead of intramuscularly), the number also increased to 5 x 10(5). When cynomolgus ES cell-derived progenitor cells (1 x 10(6)), which included residual pluripotent cells, were transplanted into the lower limb muscle of NOG or NOD/SCID mice, the incidence of teratomas differed between the strains; teratomas developed in five of five NOG mice but in only two of five NOD/SCID mice. The incidence of teratomas varied substantially depending on the transplanted cells and recipient mice. Thus, considerable care must be taken as to tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Abstract
To achieve human embryonic stem (ES) cell-based transplantation therapies, allogeneic transplantation models of nonhuman primates would be particularly useful. In this chapter, we describe an example of this model. We prepared cynomolgus ES cells genetically marked with the green fluorescent protein. The cells were transplanted into the allogeneic fetus because the fetus is immunologically premature and does not induce immune responses to transplanted cells. In addition, fetal tissue compartments are rapidly expanding, presumably providing space for engraftment. At 3 mo posttransplantation, a fluorescent teratoma, obviously derived from transplanted ES cells, was found in the fetus. However, transplanted cell progeny were also detected (approx 1%) in multiple fetal tissues. The cells were solitary and indistinguishable from surrounding host cells as assessed by in situ polymerase chain reaction. Transplanted cynomolgus ES cells can engraft in allogeneic fetuses. The cells will, however, form a tumor if they "leak" into an improper space, such as the thoracic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Asano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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39
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Shibata H, Ageyama N, Tanaka Y, Kishi Y, Sasaki K, Nakamura S, Muramatsu SI, Hayashi S, Kitano Y, Terao K, Hanazono Y. Improved Safety of Hematopoietic Transplantation with Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells in the Allogeneic Setting. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1450-7. [PMID: 16456125 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cell (cyESC)-derived in vivo hematopoiesis was examined in an allogeneic transplantation model. cyESCs were induced to differentiate into the putative hematopoietic precursors in vitro, and the cells were transplanted into the fetal cynomolgus liver at approximately the end of the first trimester (n = 3). Although cyESC-derived hematopoietic colony-forming cells were detected in the newborns (4.1%-4.7%), a teratoma developed in all newborns. The risk of tumor formation was high in this allogeneic transplantation model, given that tumors were hardly observed in immunodeficient mice or fetal sheep that had been xeno-transplanted with the same cyESC derivatives. It turned out that the cyESC-derived donor cells included a residual undifferentiated fraction positive for stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-4 (38.2% +/- 10.3%) despite the rigorous differentiation culture. When an SSEA-4-negative fraction was transplanted (n = 6), the teratoma was no longer observed, whereas the cyESC-derived hematopoietic engraftment was unperturbed (2.3%-5.0%). SSEA-4 is therefore a clinically relevant pluripotency marker of primate embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Purging pluripotent cells with this surface marker would be a promising method of producing clinical progenitor cell preparations using human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Asano T, Shibata H, Hanazono Y. Use of simian immunodeficiency virus vectors for simian embryonic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2006; 329:295-303. [PMID: 16845999 DOI: 10.1385/1-59745-037-5:295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to stably introduce genetic material into primate embryonic stem (ES) cells could allow broader application. In this chapter, we describe a method of gene transfer into simian (cynomolgus macaque) ES cells using a simian immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vector. When cynomolgus ES cells are transduced with a simian immunodeficiency virus vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, a large fraction of cells (greater than 50%) fluoresce, and high levels of GFP expression persist for months as assessed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Thus, the use of GFP as a reporter gene allows direct and simple detection of successfully transduced ES cells and facilitates monitoring of ES cell proliferation and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this highly efficient gene transfer method allows faithful gene delivery to primate ES cells with potential for both research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Asano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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41
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Ageyama N, Hanazono Y, Shibata H, Ono F, Nagashima T, Ueda Y, Yoshikawa Y, Hasegawa M, Ozawa K, Terao K. Prevention of Immune Responses to Human Erythropoietin in Cynomologus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:507-10. [PMID: 16757897 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes and proteins of human origin are often administered to monkeys for research purposes, however, it can be difficult to obtain sufficient levels of the products in vivo due to immunological clearance. In this study, we showed that human erythropoietin (hEPO) induces generation of anti-hEPO antibody in cynomolgus macaques (n=2), although 92% of amino acid residues are common between the human and macaque EPO. The administered hEPO was thus eliminated from the animals. On the other hand, when an immunosuppressant, cyclosporin A (CyA), was administered (6 mg/kg) intramuscularly every other day in combination with hEPO (n=2), no anti-hEPO antibody was generated and high serum levels of hEPO were obtained during administration of hEPO, resulting in an increase in serum hemoglobin levels. No adverse effects associated with CyA were observed. Thus, CyA treatment is useful for prevention of immune responses associated with the administration of human proteins in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
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42
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Yoshioka T, Ageyama N, Shibata H, Yasu T, Misawa Y, Takeuchi K, Matsui K, Yamamoto K, Terao K, Shimada K, Ikeda U, Ozawa K, Hanazono Y. Repair of infarcted myocardium mediated by transplanted bone marrow-derived CD34+ stem cells in a nonhuman primate model. Stem Cells 2005; 23:355-64. [PMID: 15749930 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rodent and human clinical studies have shown that transplantation of bone marrow stem cells to the ischemic myocardium results in improved cardiac function. In this study, cynomolgus monkey acute myocardial infarction was generated by ligating the left anterior descending artery, and autologous CD34(+) cells were transplanted to the peri-ischemic zone. To track the in vivo fate of transplanted cells, CD34(+) cells were genetically marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) using a lentivirus vector before transplantation (marking efficiency, 41% on average). The group receiving cells (n = 4) demonstrated improved regional blood flow and cardiac function compared with the saline-treated group (n =4) at 2 weeks after transplant. However, very few transplanted cell-derived, GFP-positive cells were found incorporated into the vascular structure, and GFP-positive cardiomyocytes were not detected in the repaired tissue. On the other hand, cultured CD34(+) cells were found to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the in vivo regional VEGF levels showed a significant increase after the transplantation. These results suggest that the improvement is not the result of generation of transplanted cell-derived endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes; and raise the possibility that angiogenic cytokines secreted from transplanted cells potentiate angiogenic activity of endogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yoshioka
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Kanazawa T, Mizukami H, Nishino H, Okada T, Hanazono Y, Kume A, Kitamura K, Ichimura K, Ozawa K. Topoisomerase inhibitors enhance the cytocidal effect of AAV-HSVtk/ganciclovir on head and neck cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2005. [PMID: 15289876 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.25.3.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-pathogenic virus with a single-strand DNA genome. AAV vectors have several unique properties suited for gene therapy applications. However, an obstacle to their application is a low efficiency of transgene expression, mainly due to a limited second-strand synthesis. Previously, we reported that gamma-rays enhanced the transduction efficiency and cytocidal effect of AAV vector harboring the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (AAVtk) and ganciclovir (GCV) system. In the present study, we investigated whether topoisomerase inhibitors (etoposide and camptothecin) enhance the AAV vector-mediated transgene expression and the killing effect by AAVtk/GCV system. The enhancement of transgene expression was observed in a concentration-dependent manner on human laryngeal carcinoma cells (HEp-2 cells) and HeLa cells. Southern analysis confirmed that etoposide enhanced the double-strand synthesis of the AAV vector genome in HEp-2 cells and HeLa cells. The cells were efficiently killed by AAVtk/GCV system, as expected. More importantly, both etoposide and camptothecin augmented the cytocidal effect of the AAVtk/GCV system. These findings suggest that the combination of AAV-mediated suicide gene therapy and treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors may have synergistic therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Kanazawa
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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44
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Sasaki K, Nagao Y, Kitano Y, Hasegawa H, Shibata H, Takatoku M, Hayashi S, Ozawa K, Hanazono Y. Hematopoietic microchimerism in sheep after in utero transplantation of cultured cynomolgus embryonic stem cells. Transplantation 2005; 79:32-7. [PMID: 15714166 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000144058.87131.c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although directed differentiation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells would enable a ready supply of cells and tissues required for transplantation therapy, the methodology is limited. We have developed a novel method for hematopoietic development from primate ES cells. We first cultured cynomolgus monkey ES cells in vitro and transplanted the cells in vivo into fetal sheep liver, generating sheep with cynomolgus hematopoiesis. METHODS Cynomolgus ES cells were induced to mesodermal cells on murine stromal OP9 cells with multiple cytokines for 6 days. The cells (average 4.8 x 10 cells) were transplanted into fetal sheep in the liver (n=4) after the first trimester (day 55-73, full term 147 days). The animals were delivered at full term, and two of them were intraperitoneally administered with human stem-cell factor (SCF). RESULTS Cynomolgus hematopoietic progenitor cells were detected in bone marrow at a level of 1% to 2% in all four sheep up to 17 months posttransplant. No teratoma was found in the lambs. After SCF administration, the fractions of cynomolgus hematopoiesis increased by several-fold (up to 13%). Cynomolgus cells were also detected in the circulation, albeit at low levels (<0.1%). CONCLUSIONS Long-term hematopoietic microchimerism from primate ES cells was observed after in vitro differentiation to mesodermal cells, followed by in vivo introduction into the fetal liver microenvironment. The mechanism of such directed differentiation of ES cells remains to be elucidated, but this procedure should allow further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Sasaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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45
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Yoshioka T, Okada T, Maeda Y, Ikeda U, Shimpo M, Nomoto T, Takeuchi K, Nonaka-Sarukawa M, Ito T, Takahashi M, Matsushita T, Mizukami H, Hanazono Y, Kume A, Ookawara S, Kawano M, Ishibashi S, Shimada K, Ozawa K. Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated interleukin-10 gene transfer inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Gene Ther 2005; 11:1772-9. [PMID: 15496963 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major contributor to atherosclerosis by its effects on arterial wall biology and lipoprotein metabolism. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that may modulate the atherosclerotic disease process. We investigated the effects of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer of IL-10 on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice. A murine myoblast cell line, C2C12, transduced with AAV encoding murine IL-10 (AAV2-mIL10) secreted substantial amounts of IL-10 into conditioned medium. The production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by the murine macrophage cell line, J774, was significantly inhibited by conditioned medium from AAV2-mIL10-transduced C2C12 cells. ApoE-deficient mice were injected with AAV5-mIL10 into their anterior tibial muscle at 8 weeks of age. The expression of MCP-1 in the vascular wall of the ascending aorta and serum MCP-1 concentration were decreased in AAV5-mIL10-transduced mice compared with AAV5-LacZ-transduced mice. Oil red-O staining of the ascending aorta revealed that IL-10 gene transfer resulted in a 31% reduction in plaque surface area. Serum cholesterol concentrations were also significantly reduced in AAV5-mIL10-transduced mice. To understand the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of IL-10, we measured the cellular cholesterol level in HepG2 cells, resulting in its significant decrease by the addition of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-10 suppressed HMG-CoA reductase expression in the HepG2 cells. These observations suggest that intramuscular injection of AAV5-mIL10 into ApoE-deficient mice inhibits atherogenesis through anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshioka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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Ageyama N, Hanazono Y, Shibata H, Ono F, Ogawa H, Nagashima T, Ueda Y, Yoshikawa Y, Hasegawa M, Ozawa K, Terao K. Safe And Efficient Collection of Cytokine-Mobilized Peripheral Blood Cells From Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with Human Newborn-Equivalent Body Weights. Exp Anim 2005; 54:421-8. [PMID: 16365519 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.54.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow can be mobilized into peripheral blood by cytokine administration. Cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells are of great use in clinical applications. We previously established a modified procedure for the collection of cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood cells from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulata) using a commercially available apparatus originally developed for human subjects. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of this method with even smaller macaques, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), which are equivalent to human newborns in body weight (mean = 3.3 kg). Using the manufacturer's unmodified protocol (n=6), one monkey died of cardiac failure and three developed severe anemia. In contrast, using our modified procedure (n=6), no such complication was observed in any animal. In addition, the harvested nuclear cell, mononuclear cell and CD34(+) cell counts were significantly higher with the modified method. The modified method should allow safe and efficient collection of cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood cells from non-human primates as small as human newborns in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Ageyama
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sasaki K, Inoue M, Shibata H, Ueda Y, Muramatsu SI, Okada T, Hasegawa M, Ozawa K, Hanazono Y. Efficient and stable Sendai virus-mediated gene transfer into primate embryonic stem cells with pluripotency preserved. Gene Ther 2004; 12:203-10. [PMID: 15483665 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient gene transfer and regulated transgene expression in primate embryonic stem (ES) cells are highly desirable for future applications of the cells. In the present study, we have examined using the nonintegrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector to introduce the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene into non-human primate cynomolgus ES cells. The GFP gene was vigorously and stably expressed in the cynomolgus ES cells for a year. The cells were able to form fluorescent teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. They were also able to differentiate into fluorescent embryoid bodies, neurons, and mature blood cells. In addition, the GFP expression levels were reduced dose-dependently by the addition of an anti-RNA virus drug, ribavirin, to the culture. Thus, SeV vector will be a useful tool for efficient gene transfer into primate ES cells and the method of using antiviral drugs should allow further investigation for regulated SeV-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sasaki
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi, Japan
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48
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Kanazawa T, Mizukami H, Nishino H, Okada T, Hanazono Y, Kume A, Kitamura K, Ichimura K, Ozawa K. Topoisomerase inhibitors enhance the cytocidal effect of AAV-HSVtk/ganciclovir on head and neck cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2004; 25:729-35. [PMID: 15289876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-pathogenic virus with a single-strand DNA genome. AAV vectors have several unique properties suited for gene therapy applications. However, an obstacle to their application is a low efficiency of transgene expression, mainly due to a limited second-strand synthesis. Previously, we reported that gamma-rays enhanced the transduction efficiency and cytocidal effect of AAV vector harboring the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (AAVtk) and ganciclovir (GCV) system. In the present study, we investigated whether topoisomerase inhibitors (etoposide and camptothecin) enhance the AAV vector-mediated transgene expression and the killing effect by AAVtk/GCV system. The enhancement of transgene expression was observed in a concentration-dependent manner on human laryngeal carcinoma cells (HEp-2 cells) and HeLa cells. Southern analysis confirmed that etoposide enhanced the double-strand synthesis of the AAV vector genome in HEp-2 cells and HeLa cells. The cells were efficiently killed by AAVtk/GCV system, as expected. More importantly, both etoposide and camptothecin augmented the cytocidal effect of the AAVtk/GCV system. These findings suggest that the combination of AAV-mediated suicide gene therapy and treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors may have synergistic therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Kanazawa
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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49
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Ueda K, Hanazono Y, Shibata H, Ageyama N, Ueda Y, Ogata S, Tabata T, Nagashima T, Takatoku M, Kume A, Ikehara S, Taniwaki M, Terao K, Hasegawa M, Ozawa K. High-Level in Vivo Gene Marking after Gene-Modified Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation without Marrow Conditioning in Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther 2004; 10:469-77. [PMID: 15336647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful engraftment of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without toxic conditioning is a desired goal for HSC gene therapy. To this end, we have examined the combination of intrabone marrow transplantation (iBMT) and in vivo expansion by a selective amplifier gene (SAG) in a nonhuman primate model. The SAG is a chimeric gene consisting of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor gene (as a molecular switch) and c-Mpl gene (as a signal generator). Cynomolgus CD34+ cells were retrovirally transduced with or without SAG and returned into the femur and humerus following irrigation with saline without prior conditioning. After iBMT without SAG, 2-30% of colony-forming cells were gene marked over 1 year. The marking levels in the peripheral blood, however, remained low (<0.1%). These results indicate that transplanted cells can engraft without conditioning after iBMT, but in vivo expansion is limited. On the other hand, after iBMT with SAG, the peripheral marking levels increased more than 20-fold (up to 8-9%) in response to EPO even at 1 year posttransplant. The increase was EPO-dependent, multilineage, polyclonal, and repeatable. Our results suggest that the combination of iBMT and SAG allows efficient in vivo gene transduction without marrow conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Ueda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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50
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Itoh A, Okada T, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T, Mizukami H, Kume A, Takatoku M, Komatsu N, Hanazono Y, Ozawa K. A soluble CAR-SCF fusion protein improves adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer to c-Kit-positive hematopoietic cells. J Gene Med 2004; 5:929-40. [PMID: 14601130 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adenoviral vectors primarily derived from the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) are widely used for many gene transfer applications, they cannot efficiently infect hematopoietic cells, since these cells do not express the coxsackie-adenoviral receptor (CAR). METHODS We have developed a soluble fusion protein that bridges adenoviral fibers and the c-Kit receptor to alter Ad5 tropism to immature hematopoietic cells. The CAR-SCF fusion protein consists of the extracellular domains of CAR and stem cell factor (SCF). The human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines UT-7 and M07e, human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562, and erythroleukemia cell line TF-1 were used to assess CAR-SCF-assisted Ad5-mediated gene transfer. Hematopoietic cell lines were infected with an Ad5 vector (Ad5-eGFP) or a fiber-mutant Ad5/F35 (Ad5/F35-eGFP) expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene in the presence or absence of CAR-SCF. RESULTS Twenty-four hours after infection, more than 80% of M07e cells infected in the presence of CAR-SCF were eGFP-positive, compared with very few eGFP-positive cells following Ad5-eGFP infection in the absence of CAR-SCF. The enhancement of Ad5-eGFP infection by CAR-SCF was greater than that caused by Ad5/F35-eGFP (50%). The ability of CAR-SCF to enhance Ad5-eGFP infectivity was highly dependent on cellular c-Kit expression levels. Furthermore, CAR-SCF also enhanced Ad5-mediated gene transfer into human primary CD34(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS The CAR-SCF fusion protein assists Ad5-mediated transduction to c-Kit(+) CAR(-) hematopoietic cells. The use of this fusion protein would enhance a utility of Ad5-mediated hematopoietic cell transduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Itoh
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Japan
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