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Wang F, Zhang X, Huang L, Zhang X, Jie W, Chang X, Chu Y, Wang L, Jia W, Zhang B. Validity and reliability of the brief form of the normative male alexithymia scale among Chinese patients after radical prostatectomy. Sci Rep 2025; 15:719. [PMID: 39753612 PMCID: PMC11698824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-82958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Alexithymia, a cognitive and emotional deficit characterized by difficulty in expressing emotions and identifying feelings, poses significant challenges in healthcare settings. Developing a reliable and valid tool to measure alexithymia in post-prostatectomy patients would not only aid healthcare professionals in identifying at-risk individuals but also facilitate early intervention and targeted support. This study aimed to translate the Brief Form of the Normative Male Alexithymia Scale (NMAS-BF) into Simplified Chinese, evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version, and explore its influencing factors. The English version of the NMAS-BF was translated into Chinese according to Brislin's translation guidelines. A survey was administered to 430 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy across four tertiary-grade A hospitals in China. To assess test-retest reliability, 30 patients completed the survey twice. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 22.0. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the content validity, construct validity, reliability, and concurrent validity of the translated NMAS-BF. Additionally, Pearson's correlation, t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify factors influencing the NMAS-BF. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Chinese version of the NMAS-BF was 0.856. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total scale was 0.938, indicating good stability. Content validity was satisfactory, with exploratory factor analysis revealing a single-factor model that accounted for 58.965% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (χ²/df = 1.371, RMSEA = 0.041) demonstrated acceptable construct validity. Statistically significant differences in alexithymia levels were observed across patients with varying educational levels, family residence, household monthly income, and number of children. Perceived stress, mutuality, social impact, and self-esteem were identified as significant factors influencing alexithymia. This study initially translated the Brief Form of the Normative Male Alexithymia Scale (NMAS-BF) into Chinese and demonstrated its psychometric validity for assessing alexithymia in patients post-radical prostatectomy. By identifying alexithymic patterns and their contributing factors, the research aims to improve emotional expression and enhance the mental well-being of Chinese patients undergoing this procedure. Furthermore, the factors identified in the Chinese version of the NMAS-BF may provide valuable theoretical insights for future intervention studies.
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Choi SG, Tittle T, Barot R, Betts D, Gallagher J, Kordower JH, Chu Y, Killinger BA. Comparing alpha-synuclein-interactomes between multiple systems atrophy and Parkinson's disease reveals unique and shared pathological features. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.20.613717. [PMID: 39345456 PMCID: PMC11429994 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.20.613717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Primary synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are neurodegenerative disorders with some shared clinical and pathological features. Aggregates of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) phosphorylated at serine 129 (PSER129) are the hallmark of synucleinopathies, which for PD/DLB are found predominantly in neurons (Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions "NCIs"), but for MSA, aggregates are primarily found in oligodendroglia (Glial cytoplasmic inclusions "GCIs"). It remains unclear if the distinct pathological presentation of PD/DLB and MSA are manifestations of distinct or shared pathological processes. We hypothesize that the distinct synucleinopathies MSA and PD/DLB share common molecular features. Methods Using the in-situ proximity labeling technique biotinylation by antibody recognition (BAR), we compare aggregated αsyn-interactomes (BAR-PSER129) and total αsyn-interactomes (BAR-MJFR1) between MSA (n=5) and PD/DLB (n=10) in forebrain and midbrain structures. Results For BAR-PSER129 and BAR-MJFR1 captures, αsyn was the most significantly enriched protein in PD/DLB and MSA. In PD/DLB, BAR-PSER129 identified 194 αsyn-aggregate-interacting proteins, while BAR-MJFR1 identified 245 αsyn interacting proteins. In contrast, in the MSA brain, only 38 and 175 proteins were identified for each capture, respectively. When comparing MSA and PD/DLB, a high overlap (59.5%) was observed between BAR-MJFR1 captured proteins, whereas less overlap (14.4%) was observed for BAR-PSER129. Direct comparison between MSA and PD/DLB revealed 79 PD/DLB-associated proteins and only three MSA-associated proteins (CBR1, CRYAB, and GFAP). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed PD/DLB interactions were dominated by vesicle/SNARE-associated pathways, in contrast to MSA, which strongly enriched for metabolic/catabolic, iron, and cellular oxidant detoxification pathways. A subnetwork of cytosolic antioxidant enzymes called peroxiredoxins drove cellular detoxification pathways in MSA. A common network of 26 proteins, including neuronal-specific proteins (e.g., SNYGR3) with HSPA8 at the core, was shared between MSA and DLB/PD. Extracellular exosome pathways were universally enriched regardless of disease or BAR target protein. Conclusion Synucleinopathies have divergent and convergent αsyn-aggregate interactions, indicating unique and shared pathogenic mechanisms. MSA uniquely involves oxidant detoxification processes in glial cells, while vesicular processes in neurons dominate PD/DLB. Shared interactions, specifically SNYGR3 (i.e., a neuronal protein), between MSA and PD/DLB suggest neuronal axons origin for both diseases. In conclusion, we provide αsyn aggregates protein interaction maps for two distinct synucleinopathies.
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Benevides R, Drimmer M, Bisson G, Adinolfi F, Lüpke UV, Doeleman HM, Catelani G, Chu Y. Quasiparticle Dynamics in a Superconducting Qubit Irradiated by a Localized Infrared Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:060602. [PMID: 39178459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
A known source of decoherence in superconducting qubits is the presence of broken Cooper pairs, or quasiparticles. These can be generated by high-energy radiation, either present in the environment or purposefully introduced, as in the case of some hybrid quantum devices. Here, we systematically study the properties of a transmon qubit under illumination by focused infrared radiation with various powers, durations, and spatial locations. Despite the high energy of incident photons, our observations agree well with a model of low-energy quasiparticle dynamics dominated by trapping. This technique can be used for understanding and potentially mitigating the effects of high-energy radiation on superconducting circuits with a variety of geometries and materials.
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Chu Y, Aune D, Yu C, Wu Y, Ferrari G, Rezende LFM, Wang Y. Temporal trends in sleep pattern among Chinese adults between 2010 and 2018: findings from five consecutive nationally representative surveys. Public Health 2023; 225:360-368. [PMID: 37981452 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the time trends in average sleep duration and prevalence of short sleep, poor sleep quality, and high sleep debt among Chinese adults. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS The study used nationally representative data from Chinese Family Panel Survey (CFPS) among adults aged ≥18 years. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to calculate P-values for trends across waves, and absolute difference in prevalences were calculated by linear regression. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence ratios of sleep-related problems. RESULTS In 2018, the estimated average sleep duration in adults was 7.6 h/d. A shorter sleep duration, higher proportion of short sleep, and poor sleep quality were observed in people aged ≥65 years, women, people with primary school education or below, and residents in Liaoning province. The average sleep duration slightly decreased from 8.2 h/d in 2010 to 7.6 h/d in 2016, and then remained stable from 2016 to 2018. The prevalence of short sleep duration has markedly increased from 11.8% in 2010 to 24.1% in 2016, and then there was a decline in prevalence from 2016 to 2018, although this decrease was not significant. The prevalence of high sleep debt among employed people increased from 6.2% in 2010 to 8.6% in 2018 (absolute difference, 2.4 p.p; P trend = 0.063). In addition, the prevalence of poor sleep quality increased from 15.6% in 2012 to 21.3% in 2018 (absolute difference of 5.7 p.p; P trend<0.001). For all the sleep-related variables, the degree of changes varied by sociodemographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative survey of the Chinese population, the average sleep duration slightly decreased from 2010 to 2016, and then remained stable from 2016 to 2018. Poor sleep quality, and high sleep debt increased among most of the sociodemographic subgroups. Future studies are needed to understand the drivers of changes in sleep health among Chinese adults.
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Li JC, Chu Y, Yi BD, Chen FY, Huang NG, Liang B. Nano-hydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 cage in anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:9648-9659. [PMID: 37916330 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety between titanium mesh cage (TMC) and nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 cage (n-HA/PA66) in the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) through anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS We implemented a comprehensive search strategy across multiple databases, including Wanfang, China Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wipu, PubMed, Cochran, Embase, and Web of Science. To ensure a thorough examination of available literature, the databases were searched from their inception to January 2023. Two independent researchers evaluated the quality of the included studies by using established criteria. We used RevMan 5.4 (Review Manager Web, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) to facilitate data extraction and analysis. RESULTS This analysis included seven controlled clinical studies. The meta-analysis results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of operating time, intraoperative bleeding, preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score, preoperative and final follow-up C2-7 Cobb angles, and intervertebral fusion rate (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the final follow-up JOA [MD = 0.77, 95% CI (0.58, 0.97), p < 0.00001], VAS [MD = -0.50, 95% CI (-0.71, -0.30), p < 0.00001], and sedimentation rate [RR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.18, 0.48), p < 0.00001]. CONCLUSIONS The use of n-HA/PA66 in ACCF for treating CSM is safe and effective treatment with positive clinical efficacy. In addition, n-HA/PA66 has both effective clinical efficacy and significantly lower fusion settling rates compared to TMC.
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Li Y, Chu Y, Yao K, Shi C, Deng X, Lin J. Response of sugar metabolism in the cotyledons and roots of Ricinus communis subjected to salt stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:62-71. [PMID: 36209370 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ricinus communis is an important oilseed crop worldwide and is also considered one of the best potential plants for salt-affected soil improvement in northeast China. However, little is known about photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in this plant, nor the distribution of carbohydrates in cotyledons and roots under salinity stress. In the present study, seedling growth, gas exchange parameters (PN , E, gs and Ci ), carbohydrate (fructose, sucrose, glucose, soluble sugar and starch) metabolism and related enzymes and genes were measured in Ricinus plants. Under salt stress, PN of cotyledons decreased significantly (P < 0.05), resulting in weak photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, salt stress increased sucrose and glucose content in cotyledons, but decreased soluble sugar and starch content. However, sucrose increased and starch decreased in roots. This may be correlated with the increasing sugar metabolism under salinity, including notable changes in sugar-related enzyme activities (SPS, SuSy, α-amylase and β-amylase) and gene expression of RcINV, RcSUS, RcAmY, RcBAM and RcGBE1. The results suggest that salinity reduces photosynthesis of cotyledons, alters carbohydrate allocation between cotyledons and roots and also promotes starch utilization in cotyledons and starch biosynthesis in roots, leading to a functional imbalance between cotyledons and roots. Together, these findings provide insights into the crucial role of sugar metabolism in improving salt-tolerance of Ricinus during the early seedling growth stage.
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Chu Y, Awasthi A, Lee S, Edani D, Yin C, Hochberg J, Shah T, Chung T, Ayello J, van de Ven C, Klein C, Lee D, Cairo M. OBINUTUZUMAB (GA101) VS. RITUXIMAB SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCES CELL DEATH, ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY AND IMPROVES OVERALL SURVIVAL AGAINST CD20+ PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL B-CELL LYMPHOMA (PMBL) IN A XENOGRAFT NOD-SCID IL2RGNULL (NSG) MOUSE MODEL: A POTENTIAL TARGETED AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF PMBL. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chu Y, Tian M, Marcondes M, Overwijk W, Lee D, Klein C, Cairo M. OPTIMIZING CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR (CAR) ENGINEERED NK CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY COMBINED WITH ANTI-CD 20 OR ANTI-CD79 THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES AND NKTR-255 IN BURKITT LYMPHOMA (BL). Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Brauer M, Brook JR, Christidis T, Chu Y, Crouse DL, Erickson A, Hystad P, Li C, Martin RV, Meng J, Pappin AJ, Pinault LL, Tjepkema M, van Donkelaar A, Weagle C, Weichenthal S, Burnett RT. Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low Exposure Environments (MAPLE): Phase 2. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2022; 2022:1-91. [PMID: 36224709 PMCID: PMC9556709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mortality is associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5), although the magnitude and form of these associations remain poorly understood at lower concentrations. Knowledge gaps include the shape of concentration-response curves and the lowest levels of exposure at which increased risks are evident and the occurrence and extent of associations with specific causes of death. Here, we applied improved estimates of exposure to ambient PM2.5 to national population-based cohorts in Canada, including a stacked cohort of 7.1 million people who responded to census year 1991, 1996, or 2001. The characterization of the shape of the concentration-response relationship for nonaccidental mortality and several specific causes of death at low levels of exposure was the focus of the Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low Exposure Environments (MAPLE) Phase 1 report. In the Phase 1 report we reported that associations between outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and nonaccidental mortality were attenuated with the addition of ozone (O3) or a measure of gaseous pollutant oxidant capacity (Ox), which was estimated from O3 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. This was motivated by our interests in understanding both the effects air pollutant mixtures may have on mortality and also the role of O3 as a copollutant that shares common sources and precursor emissions with those of PM2.5. In this Phase 2 report, we further explore the sensitivity of these associations with O3 and Ox, evaluate sensitivity to other factors, such as regional variation, and present ambient PM2.5 concentration-response relationships for specific causes of death. METHODS PM2.5 concentrations were estimated at 1 km2 spatial resolution across North America using remote sensing of aerosol optical depth (AOD) combined with chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulations of the AOD:surface PM2.5 mass concentration relationship, land use information, and ground monitoring. These estimates were informed and further refined with collocated measurements of PM2.5 and AOD, including targeted measurements in areas of low PM2.5 concentrations collected at five locations across Canada. Ground measurements of PM2.5 and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) mass concentrations from 1981 to 1999 were used to backcast remote-sensing-based estimates over that same time period, resulting in modeled annual surfaces from 1981 to 2016. Annual exposures to PM2.5 were then estimated for subjects in several national population-based Canadian cohorts using residential histories derived from annual postal code entries in income tax files. These cohorts included three census-based cohorts: the 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC; 2.5 million respondents), the 1996 CanCHEC (3 million respondents), the 2001 CanCHEC (3 million respondents), and a Stacked CanCHEC where duplicate records of respondents were excluded (Stacked CanCHEC; 7.1 million respondents). The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) mortality cohort (mCCHS), derived from several pooled cycles of the CCHS (540,900 respondents), included additional individual information about health behaviors. Follow-up periods were completed to the end of 2016 for all cohorts. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for nonaccidental and other major causes of death using a 10-year moving average exposure and 1-year lag. All models were stratified by age, sex, immigrant status, and where appropriate, census year or survey cycle. Models were further adjusted for income adequacy quintile, visible minority status, Indigenous identity, educational attainment, labor-force status, marital status, occupation, and ecological covariates of community size, airshed, urban form, and four dimensions of the Canadian Marginalization Index (Can-Marg; instability, deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration). The mCCHS analyses were also adjusted for individual-level measures of smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, body mass index (BMI), and exercise behavior. In addition to linear models, the shape of the concentration-response function was investigated using restricted cubic splines (RCS). The number of knots were selected by minimizing the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Two additional models were used to examine the association between nonaccidental mortality and PM2.5. The first is the standard threshold model defined by a transformation of concentration equaling zero if the concentration was less than a specific threshold value and concentration minus the threshold value for concentrations above the threshold. The second additional model was an extension of the Shape Constrained Health Impact Function (SCHIF), the eSCHIF, which converts RCS predictions into functions potentially more suitable for use in health impact assessments. Given the RCS parameter estimates and their covariance matrix, 1,000 realizations of the RCS were simulated at concentrations from the minimum to the maximum concentration, by increments of 0.1 μg/m3. An eSCHIF was then fit to each of these RCS realizations. Thus, 1,000 eSCHIF predictions and uncertainty intervals were determined at each concentration within the total range. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine associations between PM2.5 and mortality when in the presence of, or stratified by tertile of, O3 or Ox. Additionally, associations between PM2.5 and mortality were assessed for sensitivity to lower concentration thresholds, where person-years below a threshold value were assigned the mean exposure within that group. We also examined the sensitivity of the shape of the nonaccidental mortality-PM2.5 association to removal of person-years at or above 12 μg/m3 (the current U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard) and 10 μg/m3 (the current Canadian and former [2005] World Health Organization [WHO] guideline, and current WHO Interim Target-4). Finally, differences in the shapes of PM2.5-mortality associations were assessed across broad geographic regions (airsheds) within Canada. RESULTS The refined PM2.5 exposure estimates demonstrated improved performance relative to estimates applied previously and in the MAPLE Phase 1 report, with slightly reduced errors, including at lower ranges of concentrations (e.g., for PM2.5 <10 μg/m3). Positive associations between outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and nonaccidental mortality were consistently observed in all cohorts. In the Stacked CanCHEC analyses (1.3 million deaths), each 10-μg/m3 increase in outdoor PM2.5 concentration corresponded to an HR of 1.084 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.073 to 1.096) for nonaccidental mortality. For an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 mass concentration of 4.16 μg/m3 and for a mean annual nonaccidental death rate of 92.8 per 10,000 persons (over the 1991-2016 period for cohort participants ages 25-90), this HR corresponds to an additional 31.62 deaths per 100,000 people, which is equivalent to an additional 7,848 deaths per year in Canada, based on the 2016 population. In RCS models, mean HR predictions increased from the minimum concentration of 2.5 μg/m3 to 4.5 μg/m3, flattened from 4.5 μg/m3 to 8.0 μg/m3, then increased for concentrations above 8.0 μg/m3. The threshold model results reflected this pattern with -2 log-likelihood values being equal at 2.5 μg/m3 and 8.0 μg/m3. However, mean threshold model predictions monotonically increased over the concentration range with the lower 95% CI equal to one from 2.5 μg/m3 to 8.0 μg/m3. The RCS model was a superior predictor compared with any of the threshold models, including the linear model. In the mCCHS cohort analyses inclusion of behavioral covariates did not substantially change the results for both linear and nonlinear models. We examined the sensitivity of the shape of the nonaccidental mortality-PM2.5 association to removal of person-years at or above the current U.S. and Canadian standards of 12 μg/m3 and 10 μg/m3, respectively. In the full cohort and in both restricted cohorts, a steep increase was observed from the minimum concentration of 2.5 μg/m3 to 5 μg/m3. For the full cohort and the <12 μg/m3 cohort the relationship flattened over the 5 to 9 μg/m3 range and then increased above 9 μg/m3. A similar increase was observed for the <10 μg/m3 cohort followed by a clear decline in the magnitude of predictions over the 5 to 9 μg/m3 range and an increase above 9 μg/m3. Together these results suggest that a positive association exists for concentrations >9 μg/m3 with indications of adverse effects on mortality at concentrations as low as 2.5 μg/m3. Among the other causes of death examined, PM2.5 exposures were consistently associated with an increased hazard of mortality due to ischemic heart disease, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes across all cohorts. Associations were observed in the Stacked CanCHEC but not in all other cohorts for cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality. No significant associations were observed between mortality and exposure to PM2.5 for heart failure, lung cancer, and kidney failure. In sensitivity analyses, the addition of O3 and Ox attenuated associations between PM2.5 and mortality. When analyses were stratified by tertiles of copollutants, associations between PM2.5 and mortality were only observed in the highest tertile of O3 or Ox. Across broad regions of Canada, linear HR estimates and the shape of the eSCHIF varied substantially, possibly reflecting underlying differences in air pollutant mixtures not characterized by PM2.5 mass concentrations or the included gaseous pollutants. Sensitivity analyses to assess regional variation in population characteristics and access to healthcare indicated that the observed regional differences in concentration-mortality relationships, specifically the flattening of the concentration-mortality relationship over the 5 to 9 μg/m3 range, was not likely related to variation in the makeup of the cohort or its access to healthcare, lending support to the potential role of spatially varying air pollutant mixtures not sufficiently characterized by PM2.5 mass concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In several large, national Canadian cohorts, including a cohort of 7.1 million unique census respondents, associations were observed between exposure to PM2.5 with nonaccidental mortality and several specific causes of death. Associations with nonaccidental mortality were observed using the eSCHIF methodology at concentrations as low as 2.5 μg/m3, and there was no clear evidence in the observed data of a lower threshold, below which PM2.5 was not associated with nonaccidental mortality.
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Luo W, Gardenswartz A, Chu Y, Rosenblum J, Ayello J, Marcondes M, Overwijk W, Cripe T, Cassady K, Lee D, Cairo M. Immunotherapy: TARGETING EWING SARCOMA (ES), OSTEOSARCOMA (OS) AND NEUROBLASTOMA (NB) WITH ANTI-MCAM CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR (CAR) MODIFIED NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang M, Guo C, Chu Y, Xu R, Yin F, Qian J. [Dihydromyricetin reverses Herceptin resistance by up-regulating miR-98-5p and inhibiting IGF1R/HER2 dimer formation in SKBR3 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:207-214. [PMID: 35365444 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of dihydromyricetin on the expression of miR-98-5p and its mechanism in the development of Herceptin resistance in SKBR3 cells. METHODS The expression of IGF2 and miR-98-5p and their interaction relationship were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis through TargetScan online databases. SKBR3 cells and drug-resistant SKBR3-R cells were cultured in cell experiments. Xenograft tumor mice were constructed by SKBR3 and SKBR3-R cells. Proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Transfected cells were constructed by shRNA lentivirus vectors. RT-QPCR was used to detect RNA. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS method. Cell jnvasion was detected by Transwell assay. Luciferase reporting assays were used to verify RNA interactions. IGF-1R/HER2 heterodimer was determined by immunocoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of IGF2, p-IGF1R, p-Akt and p-S6K in SKBR3-R cells were significantly higher than those in SKBR3 cells, while the expression of PTEN protein was lower in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05). IGF1R/HER2 heterodimer in SKBR3-R cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01).The expression of IGF2 and invasion ability were significantly reduced while transfected with miR-98-5p in SKBR3-R cells (P < 0.05), but the IGF2 mRNA were no difference in both cells (P > 0.05). The expression of miR-98-5p was up-regulated and IGF2 was decreased in drug-resistant xenograft tumor mice after feeding with dihydromyricetin, and the tumor became more sensitivity to Herceptin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dihydromyricetin could induce the expression of miR-98-5p, which binds to IGF2 mRNA to reduce IGF2 expression, inhibit the IGF-1R/HER2 formation, thereby reversing cell resistance to Herceptin in SKBR3-R cells.
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Xu X, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Yang P, Zhang J, Duan J, Yang H, Xu H, Wang M. Chondrocyte Adipogenic Differentiation in Softening Osteoarthritic Cartilage. J Dent Res 2021; 101:655-663. [PMID: 34903082 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211057539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A chondrocyte-to-osteoblast lineage continuum exists in the growth plate. Adipogenic differentiation of chondrocytes in vivo should be investigated. Here, unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), which can induce osteoarthritic lesions in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), was applied to 6-wk-old C57BL/6 mice. Matrix loss in TMJ cartilage was obvious, as demonstrated by safranin O staining, and the condylar cartilage elastic modulus values, detected by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), were reduced, indicating cartilage softening that might be linked with loss of the highly charged proteoglycan. By crossing the Rosa26/tdTomato (TdT) mice with Sox9;CreERT2 mice or with Col10;CreERT2 mice, we obtained the Sox9-TdT and Col10-TdT strains, respectively, in which the Sox9- or Col10-expressing cells, accordingly, were labeled by TdT. A few TdT-labeled cells in both strains expressed AdipoQ or DMP-1. The Sox9-TdT+AdipoQ+ cells were primarily located in the deep zone cartilage and then in the whole cartilage. Col10-TdT+AdipoQ+ cells, Sox9-TdT+DMP-1+ cells, and Col10-TdT+DMP-1+ cells were located in the deep zone region. UAC promoted AdipoQ and DMP-1 expression in cartilage. The percentages of Sox9-TdT+AdipoQ+ and Col10-TdT+AdipoQ+ cells to Sox9-TdT+ and Col10-TdT+ cells, respectively, were increased (both P < 0.05), implying that more chondrocytes were undergoing adipogenic differentiation in the UAC group, the cartilage of which was softened. The percentages of Sox9-TdT+DMP-1+ and Col10-TdT+DMP-1+ cells to Sox9-TdT+ cells and Col10-TdT+ cells, respectively, were increased (both P < 0.05), consistent with our report that UAC enhanced deep zone cartilage calcification, causing stiffening of the deep zone cartilage. Our present data demonstrated that TMJ chondrocyte descendants can become adipogenic in vivo in addition to becoming osteogenic. This potential was promoted in osteoarthritic cartilage, in which deep zone cartilage calcification-associated cartilage stiffening and proteoglycan loss-associated cartilage softening were both stimulated.
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Duan J, Zhang J, Yang H, Liu Q, Xie M, Zhang M, Chu Y, Zhou P, Yu S, Chen C, Wang M. Mineral deposition intervention through reduction of phosphorus intake suppresses osteoarthritic lesions in temporomandibular joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1370-1381. [PMID: 34126199 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the suppressing impact of low phosphorus intake on osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint and the possible mechanisms of nuclear acid injury in the insulted chondrocytes. DESIGN Chondrocytes were loaded with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) with or without low phosphorus medium. Seventy-two mice (sampled at 3-, 7- and 11-wk, n = 6) and forty-eight rats (sampled at 12-wks for different testing purpose, n = 6) were applied with unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) with or without low phosphorus diet. In the FFSS model, the Ca and P content, molecules related to nucleic acid degradation and the mineral-producing responses in chondrocytes were detected. The effect of culture dish stiffness on chondrocytes osteogenic differentiation was measured. In the UAC model, the content of Ca and P in serum were tested. The condylar cartilage ossification and stiffness were detected using micro-CT, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. RESULTS FFSS induced nucleic acid degradation, Pi accumulation and mineral-producing responses in the cultured chondrocytes, all were alleviated by low P medium. Stiffer dish bottoms promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the cultured chondrocytes. UAC stimulated cartilage degeneration and chondrocytes nucleic acid damage, increased PARP 1 and serum P content, and enhanced ossification and stiffening of the cartilage, all were suppressed by low phosphorus diet (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nucleic acid damage takes a role in phosphorus production in osteoarthritic cartilage, contributing to the enhanced mineralization and stiffness of the cartilage that in turn promotes cartilage degradation, which can be alleviated by low phosphorus intake.
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Chen N, Wu H, Deng Z, Liao Z, Feng S, Luo Z, Chu Y, Qiu G, Li X, Jin Y, Rong S, Wang F, Gan L, Chen R, Zhao L. [An optimized protocol of meniscus cell extraction for single-cell RNA sequencing]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1310-1318. [PMID: 34658344 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To optimize the protocol of meniscus cell extraction to enhance the efficiency of cell suspension preparation and maintain a high cell viability for single-cell RNA sequencing. METHODS We compared the efficiency of the routine cell extraction methods (short-time digestion and long-time digestion) and the optimized protocol for obtaining meniscus cell suspensions by evaluating the cell number obtained and the cell viability. Single-cell RNA sequencing datasets were analyzed to evaluate the stability of the cell suspension prepared using the optimized protocol. The reliability of the optimized protocol was assessed by comparing the single-cell RNA sequencing dataset obtained by the optimized protocol with published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of the meniscus. RESULTS The optimized protocol harvested a greater number of cells (over 1×105) than the routine protocols. The cell suspension prepared with the optimized protocol showed a cell viability higher than 80%, the highest among the 3 methods. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets showed that the ratio of the mitochondrial genes was below 20% in over 80% of the cells. CD34+ cells, MCAM+ cells and COL1A1+ cells were identified in the datasets. Comparison with the publish datasets showed that the optimized protocol was capable of harvesting COL3A1+, COL1A1+, MYLK+, BMP2+, CD93+ and CDK1+ cells. CONCLUSION Single-cell suspension prepared from the meniscus can be stably obtained using the optimized protocol for single-cell RNA sequencing using the 10× Genomics platform.
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Wang S, Yang Z, Xu Z, Chu Y, Liang Y, Wei L, Zhang B, Xu Z, Ma L. Clinical and genetic features of children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: a case series and a literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e387-e391. [PMID: 33590899 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chu Y, Bucci JC, Peterson CB. Dissecting molecular details and functional effects of the high-affinity copper binding site in plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1. Protein Sci 2020; 30:597-612. [PMID: 33345392 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor for plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). As a unique member in the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, PAI-1 is metastable and converts to an inactive, latent structure with a half-life of 1-2 hr under physiological conditions. Unusual effects of metals on the rate of the latency conversion are incompletely understood. Previous work has identified two residues near the N-terminus, H2 and H3, which reside in a high-affinity copper-binding site in PAI-1 [Bucci JC, McClintock CS, Chu Y, Ware GL, McConnell KD, Emerson JP, Peterson CB (2017) J Biol Inorg Chem 22:1123-1,135]. In this study, neighboring residues, H10, E81, and H364, were tested as possible sites that participate in Cu(II) coordination at the high-affinity site. Kinetic methods, gel sensitivity assays, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed that E81 and H364 have different roles in coordinating metal and mediating the stability of PAI-1. H364 provides a third histidine in the metal-coordination sphere with H2 and H3. In contrast, E81 does not appear to be required for metal ligation along with histidines; contacts made by the side-chain carboxylate upon metal binding are perturbed and, in turn, influence dynamic fluctuations within the region encompassing helices D, E, and F and the W86 loop that are important in the pathway for the PAI-1 latency conversion. This investigation underscores a prominent role of protein dynamics, noncovalent bonding networks and ligand binding in controlling the stability of the active form of PAI-1.
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Gluncic V, Moric M, Chu Y, Hanko V, Li J, Lukić IK, Lukić A, Edassery SL, Kroin JS, Persons AL, Perry P, Kelly L, Shiveley TJ, Nice K, Napier TC, Kordower JH, Tuman KJ. Corrigendum to: In Utero Exposure to Anesthetics Alters Neuronal Migration Pattern in Developing Cerebral Cortex and Causes Postnatal Behavioral Deficits in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5190. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kataweteetham L, Rong G, Zhu J, Chu Y, Liu S. Dendroremediation of Metal and Metalloid Elements with Poplar and Willow in the Floodplain Area Downstream a Mining Hill, Tongling, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/453/1/012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Puster LO, Stanley CB, Uversky VN, Curtis JE, Krueger S, Chu Y, Peterson CB. Characterization of an Extensive Interface on Vitronectin for Binding to Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1: Adoption of Structure in an Intrinsically Disordered Region. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5117-5134. [PMID: 31793295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements were pursued to study human vitronectin, a protein found in tissues and the circulation that regulates cell adhesion/migration and proteolytic cascades that govern hemostasis and pericellular proteolysis. Many of these functions occur via interactions with its binding partner, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the chief inhibitor of proteases that lyse and activate plasminogen. We focused on a region of vitronectin that remains uncharacterized from previous X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and computational modeling approaches and which we propose is involved in binding to PAI-1. This region, which bridges the N-terminal somatomedin B (SMB) domain with a large central β-propeller domain of vitronectin, appears unstructured and has characteristics of an intrinsically disordered domain (IDD). The effect of osmolytes was evaluated using circular dichroism and SANS to explore the potential of the IDD to undergo a disorder-to-order transition. The results suggest that the IDD favors a more ordered structure under osmotic pressure; SANS shows a smaller radius of gyration (Rg) and a more compact fold of the IDD upon addition of osmolytes. To test whether PAI-1 binding is also coupled to folding within the IDD structure, a set of SANS experiments with contrast variation were performed on the complex of PAI-1 with a vitronectin fragment corresponding to the N-terminal 130 amino acids (denoted the SMB-IDD because it contains the SMB domain and IDD in linear sequence). Analysis of the SANS data using the Ensemble Optimization Method confirms that the SMB-IDD adopts a more compact configuration when bound to PAI-1. Calculated structures for the PAI-1:SMB-IDD complex suggest that the IDD provides an interaction surface outside of the primary PAI-1-binding site located within the SMB domain; this binding is proposed to lead to the assembly of higher-order structures of vitronectin and PAI-1 commonly found in tissues.
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Chu Y, Bucci JC, Peterson CB. Identification of a PAI-1-binding site within an intrinsically disordered region of vitronectin. Protein Sci 2019; 29:494-508. [PMID: 31682300 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor Type-1 (PAI-1) is a metastable protein that undergoes an unusual transition to an inactive conformation with a short half-life of only 1-2 hr. Circulating PAI-1 is bound to a cofactor vitronectin, which stabilizes PAI-1 by slowing this latency conversion. A well-characterized PAI-1-binding site on vitronectin is located within the somatomedin B (SMB) domain, corresponding to the first 44 residues of the protein. Another PAI-1 recognition site has been identified with an engineered form of vitronectin lacking the SMB domain, yet retaining PAI-1 binding capacity (Schar, Blouse, Minor, Peterson. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:28487-28496). This additional binding site is hypothesized to lie within an intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) of vitronectin. To localize the putative binding site, we constructed a truncated form of vitronectin containing 71 amino acids from the N-terminus, including the SMB domain and an additional 24 amino acids from the IDD region. This portion of the IDD is rich in acidic amino acids, which are hypothesized to be complementary to several basic residues identified within an extensive vitronectin-binding site mapped on PAI-1 (Schar, Jensen, Christensen, Blouse, Andreasen, Peterson. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:10297-10309). Steady-state and stopped-flow fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the truncated form of vitronectin exhibits the same rapid biphasic association as full-length vitronectin and that the IDD hosts the elusive second PAI-1 binding site that lies external to the SMB domain of vitronectin.
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Shen C, Dasari A, Chu Y, Halperin DM, Zhou S, Xu Y, Shih YT, Yao JC. Clinical, pathological, and demographic factors associated with development of recurrences after surgical resection in elderly patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1847. [PMID: 31407007 PMCID: PMC7360151 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brauer M, Brook JR, Christidis T, Chu Y, Crouse DL, Erickson A, Hystad P, Li C, Martin RV, Meng J, Pappin AJ, Pinault LL, Tjepkema M, van Donkelaar A, Weichenthal S, Burnett RT. Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low-Exposure Environments (MAPLE): Phase 1. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2019; 2019:1-87. [PMID: 31909580 PMCID: PMC7334864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, or PM2.5) is associated with mortality, but the lower range of relevant concentrations is unknown. Novel satellite-derived estimates of outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were applied to several large population-based cohorts, and the shape of the relationship with nonaccidental mortality was characterized, with emphasis on the low concentrations (<12 μg/m3) observed throughout Canada. METHODS Annual satellite-derived estimates of outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were developed at 1-km2 spatial resolution across Canada for 2000-2016 and backcasted to 1981 using remote sensing, chemical transport models, and ground monitoring data. Targeted ground-based measurements were conducted to measure the relationship between columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level PM2.5. Both existing and targeted ground-based measurements were analyzed to develop improved exposure data sets for subsequent epidemiological analyses. Residential histories derived from annual tax records were used to estimate PM2.5 exposures for subjects whose ages ranged from 25 to 90 years. About 8.5 million were from three Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) analytic files and another 540,900 were Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) participants. Mortality was linked through the year 2016. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with Cox Proportional Hazard models using a 3-year moving average exposure with a 1-year lag, with the year of follow-up as the time axis. All models were stratified by 5-year age groups, sex, and immigrant status. Covariates were based on directed acyclical graphs (DAG), and included contextual variables (airshed, community size, neighborhood dependence, neighborhood deprivation, ethnic concentration, neighborhood instability, and urban form). A second model was examined including the DAG-based covariates as well as all subject-level risk factors (income, education, marital status, indigenous identity, employment status, occupational class, and visible minority status) available in each cohort. Additional subject-level behavioral covariates (fruit and vegetable consumption, leisure exercise frequency, alcohol consumption, smoking, and body mass index [BMI]) were included in the CCHS analysis. Sensitivity analyses evaluated adjustment for covariates and gaseous copollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and ozone [O3]), as well as exposure time windows and spatial scales. Estimates were evaluated across strata of age, sex, and immigrant status. The shape of the PM2.5-mortality association was examined by first fitting restricted cubic splines (RCS) with a large number of knots and then fitting the shape-constrained health impact function (SCHIF) to the RCS predictions and their standard errors (SE). This method provides graphical results indicating the RCS predictions, as a nonparametric means of characterizing the concentration-response relationship in detail and the resulting mean SCHIF and accompanying uncertainty as a parametric summary. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in the CCHS cohort to evaluate the potential influence of unmeasured covariates on air pollution risk estimates. Specifically, survival models with all available risk factors were fit and compared with models that omitted covariates not available in the CanCHEC cohorts. In addition, the PM2.5 risk estimate in the CanCHEC cohort was indirectly adjusted for multiple individual-level risk factors by estimating the association between PM2.5 and these covariates within the CCHS. RESULTS Satellite-derived PM2.5 estimates were low and highly correlated with ground monitors. HR estimates (per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5) were similar for the 1991 (1.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016-1.066) and 1996 (1.041, 1.024-1.059) CanCHEC cohorts with a larger estimate observed for the 2001 cohort (1.084, 1.060-1.108). The pooled cohort HR estimate was 1.053 (1.041-1.065). In the CCHS an analogous model indicated a HR of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06-1.21), which was reduced slightly with the addition of behavioral covariates (1.11, 1.04-1.18). In each of the CanCHEC cohorts, the RCS increased rapidly over lower concentrations, slightly declining between the 25th and 75th percentiles and then increasing beyond the 75th percentile. The steepness of the increase in the RCS over lower concentrations diminished as the cohort start date increased. The SCHIFs displayed a supralinear association in each of the three CanCHEC cohorts and in the CCHS cohort. In sensitivity analyses conducted with the 2001 CanCHEC, longer moving averages (1, 3, and 8 years) and smaller spatial scales (1 km2 vs. 10 km2) of exposure assignment resulted in larger associations between PM2.5 and mortality. In both the CCHS and CanCHEC analyses, the relationship between nonaccidental mortality and PM2.5 was attenuated when O3 or a weighted measure of oxidant gases was included in models. In the CCHS analysis, but not in CanCHEC, PM2.5 HRs were also attenuated by the inclusion of NO2. Application of the indirect adjustment and comparisons within the CCHS analysis suggests that missing data on behavioral risk factors for mortality had little impact on the magnitude of PM2.5-mortality associations. While immigrants displayed improved overall survival compared with those born in Canada, their sensitivity to PM2.5 was similar to or larger than that for nonimmigrants, with differences between immigrants and nonimmigrants decreasing in the more recent cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In several large population-based cohorts exposed to low levels of air pollution, consistent associations were observed between PM2.5 and nonaccidental mortality for concentrations as low as 5 μg/m3. This relationship was supralinear with no apparent threshold or sublinear association.
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Chu Y, Zhao C, Zhang B, Wang X, Wang Y, An J, Chen J. Restoring T-helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell balance and decreasing disease activity by rapamycin and all-trans retinoic acid in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:1397-1406. [PMID: 31551029 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319877239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) alone or in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the T-helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T-cell (Treg) balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate the clinical efficacy. METHODS Seventy patients with SLE were enrolled. They were randomly and equally divided into RAPA and RAPA + ATRA groups. The number of Th17 and Treg cells was measured by flow cytometry before and after treatment for 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score and the prednisone dose before and after treatment were used to evaluate the efficacy between the two groups. RESULTS In both groups, at different time points after treatment, the number of Th17 cells (p = 0.003) and Th17/Treg ratio (p = 0.044) reduced, while the number of Treg cells (p = 0.574) tended to increase. The SLEDAI score and the dose of prednisone decreased significantly (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of Th17 cells (p = 0.089), Treg cells (p = 0.059), Th17/Treg ratio (p = 0.580), SLEDAI score (p = 0.127) and the dose of prednisone (p = 0.329) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Disease activity in SLE patients reduced with RAPA alone or in conjunction with ATRA, reducing glucocorticoid requirement. One of its mechanisms of action may be regulating the Th17/Treg cell balance, which provides a new model for the pathogenesis and potential treatment of SLE.
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Brauchla M, Fleige L, Chu Y, Fulgoni V. Oatmeal-containing Breakfast Is Associated with Better Diet Quality and Higher Intake of Key Food Groups and Nutrients Compared to Other Breakfasts. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gluncic V, Moric M, Chu Y, Hanko V, Li J, Lukić IK, Lukić A, Edassery SL, Kroin JS, Persons AL, Perry P, Kelly L, Shiveley TJ, Nice K, Napier CT, Kordower JH, Tuman KJ. In utero Exposure to Anesthetics Alters Neuronal Migration Pattern in Developing Cerebral Cortex and Causes Postnatal Behavioral Deficits in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5285-5301. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
During fetal development, cerebral cortical neurons are generated in the proliferative zone along the ventricles and then migrate to their final positions. To examine the impact of in utero exposure to anesthetics on neuronal migration, we injected pregnant rats with bromodeoxyuridine to label fetal neurons generated at embryonic Day (E) 17 and then randomized these rats to 9 different groups receiving 3 different means of anesthesia (oxygen/control, propofol, isoflurane) for 3 exposure durations (20, 50, 120 min). Histological analysis of brains from 54 pups revealed that significant number of neurons in anesthetized animals failed to acquire their correct cortical position and remained dispersed within inappropriate cortical layers and/or adjacent white matter. Behavioral testing of 86 littermates pointed to abnormalities that correspond to the aberrations in the brain areas that are specifically developing during the E17. In the second set of experiments, fetal brains exposed to isoflurane at E16 had diminished expression of the reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, proteins critical for neuronal migration. Together, these results call for cautious use of anesthetics during the neuronal migration period in pregnancy and more comprehensive investigation of neurodevelopmental consequences for the fetus and possible consequences later in life.
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