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Palomares A, Espada Y, Tobón Restrepo M, Abarca ML, Torrente C, Martino L, Viñeta C, Roura X, Novellas R. Emphysematous pyometra and emphysematous hepatitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a diabetic dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:203-207. [PMID: 38357787 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old intact female diabetic dog presented with seizures and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Radiographs revealed gas-filled tubular structures in the right and left caudal abdomen, raising concerns of emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal ileus. Ultrasonography played a pivotal role in confirming emphysematous pyometra, a technique previously documented only once in veterinary practice. This report also presents the first documented case of emphysematous pyometra in a diabetic dog attributed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and complicated by emphysematous hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palomares
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Lourdes Abarca
- Servei Veterinari de Bacteriologia i Micologia, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Torrente
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martino
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jornet-Rius O, Agulla B, López MC, Viñeta C, García-Ferrer A, Serrano B, Marco A, Palomares A, Novellas R, Espada Y, Roura X, Solano-Gallego L. Needle tract seeding and malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma into well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:507-513. [PMID: 37202832 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old neutered female Golden Retriever was referred for investigation of marked increases in liver enzyme activities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large pedunculated liver mass. Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) was made when the mass was excised after a first unsuccessful attempt through ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy. One and a half years after presentation, a nodule embedded between muscles of the abdominal wall appeared. The mass was first diagnosed as a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through cytologic examination, which was later confirmed with histopathology. Ki 67 immunostaining of the abdominal wall nodule showed an increased immunoreactivity compared with the liver mass. Therefore, the present case documents the first needle-tract seeding of a hepatocellular epithelial tumor with possible malignant transformation of HCA into a well-differentiated HCC in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Jornet-Rius
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Agulla
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claudia Viñeta
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Serrano
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Marco
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Palomares
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Melero A, Verdés J, Espada Y, Novellas R, Encinoso M, Martorell J. Computed tomography of the coelomic cavity in healthy veiled chameleons ( Chamaeleo calyptratus) and panther chameleons ( Furcifer pardalis). Open Vet J 2023; 13:1071-1081. [PMID: 37842108 PMCID: PMC10576585 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i9.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) are two of the most popular pet chameleons, and consequently, these species are frequently evaluated in veterinary practices. According to our review of the literature, normal computed tomography (CT) anatomy of these lizards has not been previously described. Aim The purposes of this prospective study were to describe the normal CT anatomy of the coelomic organs in healthy patients and to provide normal reference values in these species. Methods Seventeen clinically healthy veiled chameleons and 15 clinically healthy panther chameleons were included. All CT studies were performed with the chameleons under light anesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency. Studies were performed with a 16-slice helical CT scanner with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm. The authors recorded qualitative and quantitative CT characteristics of the coelomic structures. Macroscopic cross-sectional anatomy was performed for comparison of the CT findings. Results Heart, lungs, liver, including caudal vena cava, hepatic vessels, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gonads, fat bodies, kidneys, and urinary bladder could be visualized with CT. The spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands could not be identified. Conclusion This study provides a guide to the normal cross-sectional and computed tomographic anatomy of the coelomic cavity in veiled and panther chameleons. Our results could be used as a reference for future research studies or comparison of clinically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Melero
- Exòtica Veterinaris, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Verdés
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Encinoso
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jaume Martorell
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Melgarejo C, Cobos A, Planas C, Fondevila J, Martín M, Cervera Z, Cantero G, Moll X, Espada Y, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. Comparison of the pathological outcome and disease progression of two Mycobacterium caprae experimental challenge models in goats: endobronchial inoculation vs. intranasal nebulization. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236834. [PMID: 37637110 PMCID: PMC10450934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Goats are natural hosts of tuberculosis (TB) and are a valid animal model to test new vaccines and treatments to control this disease. In this study, a new experimental model of TB in goats based on the intranasal nebulization of Mycobacterium caprae was assessed in comparison with the endobronchial route of infection. Methods Fourteen animals were divided into two groups of seven and challenged through the endobronchial (EB) and intranasal (IN) routes, respectively. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, and immunological responses from blood samples were followed up throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung lesions using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LNs) by qPCR were carried out. Results The IN-challenged group showed a slower progression of the infection: delayed clinical signs (body weight gain reduction, peak of temperature, and apparition of other TB signs) and delayed immunological responses (IFN-γ peak response and seroconversion). At the end of the experiment, the IN group also showed significantly lower severity and dissemination of lung lesions, lower mycobacterial DNA load and volume of lesions in pulmonary LN, and higher involvement of the nasopharyngeal cavity and volume of the lesions in the retropharyngeal LN. Conclusion The results indicated that the IN challenge with M. caprae induced pathological features of natural TB in the lungs, respiratory LN, and extrapulmonary organs but extremely exaggerating the nasopharyngeal TB pathological features. On the other hand, the EB route oversized and accelerated the pulmonary TB lesion progression. Our results highlight the need to refine the inoculation routes in the interest of faithfully reproducing the natural TB infection when evaluating new vaccines or treatments against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Fondevila
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Zoraida Cervera
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cantero
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Medicina y Cirugía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Martino L, Crespo-Picazo JL, García-Parraga D, Alomar J, Serrano B, Cobos A, Pérez-Rodriguez MD, Frau M, Espada Y, Abarca ML, Escaño P, Domingo M. Tension pneumothorax in small odontocetes. Dis Aquat Organ 2023; 155:43-57. [PMID: 37534721 DOI: 10.3354/dao03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Pneumothorax, the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, occurs when air enters the pleural space by the pleuro-cutaneous, pleuro-pulmonary, or pleuro-oesophageal-mediastinal route. Tension pneumothorax is an infrequent and severe form of pneumothorax where a positive pressure in the pleural space is built up during at least part of the respiratory cycle, with compression of both lungs and mediastinal vessels, and, if unilateral, with midline deviation towards the unaffected hemithorax. We describe 9 cases of tension pneumothorax in 3 species of small cetaceans (striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, common dolphin Delphinus delphis, and common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus) from the western Mediterranean coast of Spain, and one case from a dolphinarium. Computed tomography (CT) imaging performed in 2 carcasses before necropsy showed lung compression, midline deviation, and pressure on the diaphragm, which was caudally displaced. Tension pneumothorax was recognized at necropsy by the presence of pressurized air in one of the hemithoraces. Seven of the pneumothorax cases were spontaneous (2 primary and 5 secondary to previous lung pathology). In the other 2 dolphins, the pneumothorax was traumatic, due to oesophageal-pleural perforation or rib fractures. We hypothesize that pneumothorax in dolphins is predominantly tensional because of their specific anatomical and physiological adaptations to marine life and the obligate exposure to extreme pressure changes as diving mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martino
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
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Planas C, Novellas R, Espada Y, Lloret A, Alomar J. Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in a Dalmatian dog. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7596. [PMID: 37352013 PMCID: PMC10282119 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome is an uncommon and self-limiting disease affecting juvenile dogs. Only symptomatic treatment has been described, and diagnosis is based on clinical findings, imaging, and disease progression. Abstract This is the first reported case of calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in a Dalmatian dog. It is an uncommon osteoproliferative disease with diagnosis frequently based on clinical signs, imaging findings, and disease progression, with only symptomatic treatment described. Case describes a 5-month-old Dalmatian dog presented with a facial mass and difficulty eating. After imaging, mass was observed to be osteoproliferative, nonaggressive, and without affection of the temporomandibular joints and mandibles. Histology revealed an osseous-cartilaginous and proliferative lesion, together with scant amount of neutrophiles. Clinical improvement was observed after symptomatic treatment, and moderate lesion regression was observed in a CT reevaluation 6 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Planas
- Servei de Diagnòstic per la ImatgeFundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari UABBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Servei de Diagnòstic per la ImatgeFundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari UABBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia AnimalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Servei de Diagnòstic per la ImatgeFundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari UABBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia AnimalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Albert Lloret
- Servei de Medicina InternaFundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari UABBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jaume Alomar
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia AnimalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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Melgarejo C, Planas C, Cobos A, Arrieta-Villegas C, Sevilla IA, Bezos J, Moll X, Espada Y, Garrido JM, Domingo M, Vidal E, Pérez de Val B. A proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy of heat-inactivated autovaccines in Mycobacterium caprae experimentally challenged goats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22132. [PMID: 36550177 PMCID: PMC9780325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium caprae (HIMC) vaccine in goats experimentally challenged with the same strain of M. caprae. Twenty-one goats were divided into three groups of seven: vaccinated with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), with HIMC and unvaccinated. At 7 weeks post-vaccination all animals were endobronchially challenged with M. caprae. Blood samples were collected for immunological assays and clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment. All goats were euthanized at 9 weeks post-challenge. Gross pathological examination, analysis of lung pathology using computed tomography, and bacterial load quantification in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN) by qPCR were carried out. Only HIMC vaccinated goats showed a significant reduction of lung lesions volume and mycobacterial DNA load in LN compared to unvaccinated controls. Both vaccinated groups showed also a significant reduction of the other pathological parameters, an improved clinical outcome and a higher proportion of IFN-γ-producing central memory T cells after vaccination. The results indicated that homologous vaccination of goats with HIMC induced enhanced protection against M. caprae challenge by reducing lung pathology and bacterial load compared to the heterologous vaccine (HIMB). Further large-scale trials are necessary to assess the efficacy of autovaccines under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Melgarejo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Carles Planas
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Alex Cobos
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Medicina i Cirurgía Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- grid.509696.50000 0000 9853 6743Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.424716.2Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.424716.2IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
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Tobón Restrepo M, Novellas R, Aguilar A, Moll X, Espada Y. Anatomic, computed tomographic, and ultrasonographic assessment of the lymph nodes in presumed healthy adult cats: the abdomen, pelvis, and hindlimb. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:18. [PMID: 35964104 PMCID: PMC9375385 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) features of lymph nodes of the abdomen, pelvis, and hindlimb in healthy cats are poorly described in the current literature. A prospective anatomic and reference interval study was therefore performed. The lymph nodes of six feline cadavers were identified, and dimensions were measured (length, width, and height). The lymph nodes from 30 healthy adult cats were identified and measured using CT (pre- and postcontrast) and US. The identification and dimensions of the separate lymph nodes were compared between imaging techniques and the anatomic study. Results The identification of lymph nodes was most frequent in CT, and the dimensions were overall larger than those identified and measured in US and the anatomic study. The caudal epigastric and sacral lymph nodes were not identified in the anatomic study. The ischiatic, lumbar aortic, internal iliac, and caudal epigastric lymph nodes were not visualized in US. The height presented the main statistical differences among techniques. The lymph nodes were mainly homogeneous in pre- and postcontrast CT and US images. Some lymph nodes showed a hyperattenuating periphery with a hypoattenuating center (on pre- and postcontrast images) and a hypo-/isoechoic periphery with a hyperechoic center, representing the hilar fat. The lymph nodes were commonly elongated and rounded except for the jejunal lymph nodes, which had an irregular shape. Conclusions The assessment of most of the abdominal, pelvic, and hindlimb lymph nodes in the cat is feasible using CT and US, with CT performing best. Factors like the amount of adipose tissue and contrast administration subjectively improved the lymph node visualization and assessment. The measurements and features reported are proposed as reference values. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-022-00638-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tobón Restrepo
- Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain. .,Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Adrià Aguilar
- Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina I Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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9
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Bello AM, Anselmi C, Frau M, Berman KG, Novellas R, Espada Y, Longley MJ, Dhumeaux MP. Pulmonary carcinoma associated with cystic airspaces in two dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:486-491. [PMID: 34913482 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pulmonary neoplasia associated with cystic airspaces is a well-recognised disease entity in humans. Two elderly dogs, previously diagnosed with a solitary emphysematous bulla, presented with non-specific clinical signs. At presentation, pulmonary auscultation was unremarkable. In both cases, thoracic CT demonstrated the transformation of the cystic airspace lesions characterised by a progressive increase of the solid component and reduction of the air component. Cytological evaluation and subsequent surgical excision followed by histopathology confirmed pulmonary carcinoma in both cases. These two cases represent the first demonstration of possible malignant transformation of pulmonary cystic airspace in dogs. Veterinarians should consider neoplastic transformation as a differential diagnosis in cases of cystic airspaces, particularly cases with features including thickening or irregularity of the wall, associated soft-tissue nodules or solid and non-solid tissue intermixed within clusters of multiple cystic airspaces. Ongoing monitoring of cystic airspace lesions through diagnostic imaging is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bello
- Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - C Anselmi
- Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - M Frau
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, and Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, College of Veterinary Medicine, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - K G Berman
- Synlab, VPG Histology, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - R Novellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, and Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, College of Veterinary Medicine, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Y Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, and Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, College of Veterinary Medicine, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - M J Longley
- Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
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10
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Mallol C, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Hammond G, Schweizer-Gorgas D, De Decker S, Novellas R, Espada Y, Oevermann A, Ortega M, Parry A, Coelho AM, Gonçalves R, Stalin C, Brocal J. MRI features of canine hemangiosarcoma affecting the central nervous system. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:185-196. [PMID: 34873768 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangiosarcoma is the most common metastatic tumor involving the brain in dogs but detailed published descriptions of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are lacking. The objective of this multi-center, retrospective case series study was to describe MRI characteristics of canine hemangiosarcoma affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Medical records of seven referral institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma affecting the CNS and undergone an MRI of the brain and/or vertebral column. Lesions were independently evaluated by two observers. Twenty dogs met the inclusion criteria and one dog had both intracranial and intramedullary hemangiosarcoma. Consistent MRI features included heterogeneous (17/21) lesions in all sequences with mainly mixed signal intensity (12/21), presence of susceptibility artifact on T2*w (15/16), associated moderate to severe perilesional edema (21/21), and moderate to strong (20/21) heterogeneous (14/21) or ring-like (6/21) contrast enhancement. Intracranial hemangiosarcoma was frequently multiple and intra-axial, affecting consistently the telencephalon and no differences in MRI features were found between primary and metastatic hemangiosarcoma. This is the first MRI description of primary intracranial hemangiosarcoma and primary intracranial epithelioid hemangiosarcoma. Vertebral hemangiosarcomas were segmental poorly marginated polyostotic and highly aggressive lesions invading the thoracic vertebral canal and paraspinal tissues. Epidural hemangiosarcomas were single and well-marginated lesions in the thoracolumbar and/or lumbar region. Intramedullary hemangiosarcomas were cervical, metastatic in origin, and frequently (3/4) accompanied by intracranial lesions. These described MRI features will aid early identification of hemangiosarcoma guiding subsequent diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | | | - Gawain Hammond
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniela Schweizer-Gorgas
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ortega
- Centro Clínico Veterinario Indautxu, San Mames Zumarkalea 38, Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andrew Parry
- Willows Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - Ana Maria Coelho
- WEAR REFERRALS Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Rita Gonçalves
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, UK
| | - Catherine Stalin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josep Brocal
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
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11
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Ororbia A, Sanz A, Novellas R, Pastor J, Pumarola M, Fresno L, Espada Y. Diagnostic imaging and pathological findings of an abdominal mesenteric granular cell tumour in a dog. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1514-1517. [PMID: 34021730 PMCID: PMC8464256 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented for a follow-up examination after ablation of an auricular mast cell tumour. An abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography were performed and an irregular, ill-defined and partially mineralised lesion was observed around the caudal duodenal flexure without evidence of metastasis. The cytologic examination was highly suggestive of a granular cell tumour. Partial surgical ablation with histological and immunohistochemical examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis. According to our review of the literature, this is the first report documenting an abdominal granular cell tumour in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ororbia
- Fundació Hospital Clinic VeterinariUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alba Sanz
- Departamento de medicina y cirugía animalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clinic VeterinariUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Departamento de medicina y cirugía animalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Josep Pastor
- Fundació Hospital Clinic VeterinariUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Departamento de medicina y cirugía animalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Departamento de medicina y cirugía animalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Fresno
- Departamento de medicina y cirugía animalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clinic VeterinariUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Departamento de medicina y cirugía animalUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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12
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Dias S, Anselmi C, Espada Y, Martorell J. Vertebral heart score to evaluate cardiac size in thoracic radiographs of 124 healthy rats (Rattus norvegicus). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:394-401. [PMID: 33821524 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a relatively common disease in pet rats (Rattus norvegicus); however, there is a lack of radiographic references for the normal cardiac size in this species. The aim of this prospective, anatomical and reference interval study was to establish quantitative radiographic reference range measurements for the vertebral heart score (VHS) in rats. Right lateral (RL), ventrodorsal (VD), and dorsoventral (DV) radiographs of clinically healthy rats (n = 124) were evaluated. Measurements were performed by 2 expert readers who were unaware of signalment data. The mean values and references intervals of VHS were 7.7 and 7.0-8.5 for the RL, 7.5 and 6.6-8.6 for the VD, and 7.9 and 6.9-9.0 for the DV, with VHS values greater in males than in females. The measurements reported in this study can be used by the clinician as an objective tool to evaluate cardiac size in rats, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dias
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari - UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Present address: Sara Dias, Pride Veterinary Centre - Referral Hospital and Nottingham University, UK
| | - Carlo Anselmi
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari - UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Martorell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Tobón Restrepo M, Espada Y, Aguilar A, Moll X, Novellas R. Anatomic, computed tomographic, and ultrasonographic assessment of the lymph nodes in presumed healthy adult cats: The head, neck, thorax, and forelimb. J Anat 2021; 239:264-281. [PMID: 33725361 PMCID: PMC8273603 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the lymph nodes is key in staging cancer patients. Descriptions of normal features of the feline lymph nodes using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) are limited. A prospective anatomic and comparative imaging study was performed. The frequency of identification and the size of the lymph nodes during gross pathology from 6 feline cadavers were compared to the images of lymph nodes from 30 presumed healthy adult cats obtained by CT and US. Measurements (length, width, and height) were compared among techniques. The CT and US features of the identified lymph nodes were also recorded. The frequency of identification of the lymph centers varied among techniques and individually. The mandibular lymph nodes were identified in 100% of the cadavers and in 100% of the healthy cats using CT and US. The medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes were identified in 100% of the cats using CT and US. The deep cervical lymph nodes were not visualized in the cadavers. The cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were not visualized using US. Lymph nodes showed a higher length on CT and higher width on US. The height was the most statistically significant variable measurement among techniques. On CT, lymph nodes were most frequently isoattenuating or slightly hypoattenuating to surrounding musculature, with homogeneous contrast enhancement. On US, most lymph nodes were isoechoic or hypoechoic to surrounding fat tissue. The lymph nodes were most frequently elongated or rounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tobón Restrepo
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Aguilar
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Battiato P, Fernandez Y, Salgüero R, Novellas R, Espada Y, Biller D, Anselmi C. Spontaneous emphysematous splenitis: Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings in three Golden Retriever dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 62:309-315. [PMID: 33325583 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous emphysematous splenitis is a life-threatening condition reported rarely in humans; however, published reports in dogs are currently lacking. The aim of this multicentric, retrospective, case series design study was to describe radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging findings in Golden Retriever dogs diagnosed with spontaneous emphysematous splenitis. A total of three dogs were sampled. All dogs had a history of lethargy, diarrhea, and weight loss. Radiographic findings in all dogs included a mass effect with focal or multifocal coalescing "vesicular-like" gas pattern in the splenic region and focal loss of serosal detail. Ultrasonographic findings in all dogs included focal or multifocal irregularly shaped, hypoechoic areas containing a mixture of hyperechoic fluid and gas within the splenic parenchyma, hyperechoic abdominal free fluid, and generalized hyperechoic mesenteric fat without evidence of splenic torsion. Pneumoperitoneum was detected ultrasonographically and radiographically in two dogs. All three dogs underwent splenectomy and splenic torsion was definitively ruled out at surgery. One dog died three days after surgery, whereas the other two dogs recovered uneventfully. Culture of the splenic tissue and free abdominal fluid was positive for Clostridium spp. in all three cases. Findings supported inclusion of spontaneous emphysematous splenitis and septic peritonitis as differential diagnoses for dogs with this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Novellas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, and Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, and Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Biller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Kansas, Manhattan
| | - Carlo Anselmi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
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15
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Arrieta-Villegas C, Vidal E, Martín M, Verdés J, Moll X, Espada Y, Singh M, Villarreal-Ramos B, Domingo M, Pérez de Val B. Immunogenicity and Protection against Mycobacterium caprae Challenge in Goats Vaccinated with BCG and Revaccinated after One Year. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040751. [PMID: 33322064 PMCID: PMC7770602 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been proposed as a supplementary tool for the control of tuberculosis in livestock. The long-term immunogenicity elicited by bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) and the efficacy of revaccination were investigated in thirty goat kids distributed into three groups: unvaccinated controls, BCG (vaccinated at week 0) and BCG-BCG (vaccinated at weeks 0 and 56). Sixty-four weeks after the first vaccination, all animals were challenged with Mycobacterium caprae and examined post-mortem (pathology and bacterial load) at week 73. Antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release was measured throughout the experiment. At week 59, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained for CD4, CD45RO and IFN-γ to determine the presence of antigen-specific cells secreting IFN-γ. The BCG-BCG group showed reductions in rectal temperatures, M. caprae DNA load in pulmonary lymph nodes (LN), the volume of lesions in pulmonary LN, mineralization in lungs, and higher weight gains compared to unvaccinated controls. IFN-γ responses were undetectable from 32 weeks after primary vaccination until revaccination, when the BCG-BCG group showed detectable IFN-γ production and a greater percentage of antigen-specific CD4+CD45RO+IFNγ+ and CD4−CD45RO+IFNγ+ cells compared to the BCG and control groups, which may be an indicator of the mechanisms of protection. Thus, re-vaccination of goats with BCG appears to prolong protection against infection with M. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.V.); (M.M.); (M.D.); (B.P.d.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.V.); (M.M.); (M.D.); (B.P.d.V.)
| | - Maite Martín
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.V.); (M.M.); (M.D.); (B.P.d.V.)
| | - Judit Verdés
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.V.); (X.M.); (Y.E.)
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.V.); (X.M.); (Y.E.)
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (J.V.); (X.M.); (Y.E.)
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, D-38126 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK;
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.V.); (M.M.); (M.D.); (B.P.d.V.)
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (E.V.); (M.M.); (M.D.); (B.P.d.V.)
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16
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Amorós O, Espada Y, Vila A, Jiménez A, Novellas R. Pre-contrast CT attenuation of the thyroid gland is lower in brachycephalic dogs versus non-brachycephalic dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 62:54-60. [PMID: 33140509 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography has been used in human medicine to evaluate the thyroid gland functional status by means of Hounsfield units (HU). Studies describing attenuation value abnormalities, other than those in thyroid neoplasia, lack in veterinary medicine. The authors have observed a subjective reduction in thyroid attenuation in some patients undergoing CT for reasons other than thyroid disease. This finding has been identified more frequently in brachycephalic breeds compared to non-brachycephalic breeds. In order to determine the thyroid gland attenuation variability on CT, a retrospective and prospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed. The thyroid attenuation values of 65 client-owned dogs were assessed using a 16-slice helical CT scanner. Differences in attenuation between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs were estimated by Welch's t-test. Serum TT4 and TSH levels were available in 26 patients. Statistically significant differences were observed in the pre-contrast attenuation value ranges between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs (P = .04). The pre-contrast attenuation value range for the brachycephalic group was 69.1-108 HU while being 75.8-121 HU for the non-brachycephalic group. No significant correlation was found between thyroid attenuation and serum thyroid hormone levels in our population (P > .6). All patients with hypoattenuating thyroid were brachycephalic and reported euthyroid. In conclusion, brachycephalic dogs seem to have a pre-contrast attenuation thyroid gland range lower than non-brachycephalic dogs. The present study contributes to the veterinary literature by providing a new thyroid attenuation value range for brachycephalic breeds. Additionally, hypoattenuating thyroid glands may be found in dogs with normal TT4 and TSH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Amorós
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vila
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Diagnostic Imaging Department, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Frau M, Novellas R, Mallol C, Espada Y. What Is Your Diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:895-897. [PMID: 31573860 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.8.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of identification and to describe the CT features of the os penis in cats without genitourinary disorders. METHODS CT studies from cats that underwent an abdominal or pelvic examination between October 2013 and May 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Cats with no signs of urinary disease and with the external genitalia included in the scan were recruited. Length, width, height and pre- and post-contrast attenuation values of the os penis in soft tissue and bone algorithms were measured independently by two observers. RESULTS Twenty-three cats met the inclusion criteria. A cylindrical bone-attenuating structure inside the glans penis compatible with the os penis was visible in 20/23 (87%) cats. Mean length, width and height values were 3.48 mm × 1.41 mm × 1.37 mm in the soft tissue algorithm, and 3.26 mm × 1.15 mm × 1.06 mm in bone algorithm. The size of the os penis was not significantly different in neutered vs intact cats, but it was significantly larger in soft tissue vs bone algorithm. Age and body weight did not influence os penis size. Pre-contrast mean ± SD attenuation was 216.7 ± 69.5 Hounsfield units (HU) for soft tissue and 320.1 ± 135.9 HU for bone algorithms. Post-contrast attenuation was 289.1 ± 68.8 HU for soft tissue and 383.4 ± 130.9 HU for bone algorithms. A significant correlation between the attenuation in bone algorithm with body weight was noted, where the os penis was less attenuating with increased body weight (pre-contrast: r = -0.479; P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The feline os penis is commonly seen on CT images, being more frequently detected than on radiographs. Its presence should not be mistaken for uroliths in the penile urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elisabet Domínguez
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Claudia Mallol
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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19
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Mallol C, Espada Y, Lloret A, Altuzarra R, Anselmi C, Novellas R. Dystrophic mineralisation in chronic exogenous lipid pneumonia in cats. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919850255. [PMID: 31205738 PMCID: PMC6537269 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919850255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Case series summary Exogenous lipid pneumonia with mineralisation of the lung parenchyma was diagnosed in three cats with radiographs, CT and/or bronchoalveolar lavage cytological findings. All three cats had a common clinical history of chronic constipation and long-term forced oral administration of mineral oil. All three cases showed radiographic findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia, with an alveolar pattern in the ventral part of the middle and/or cranial lung lobes. Minor improvement of the radiographic lung pattern in the follow-up studies was seen in two cats, and a miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineralised pattern appeared in the previously affected lung lobes months to years after the diagnosis. In one cat, patchy fat-attenuating areas in the consolidated lung lobes were present on thoracic CT. Cases 1 and 2 showed respiratory signs at the initial presentation, while in case 3 the radiographic findings were incidental and the cat had never exhibited respiratory signs. Relevance and novel information This is the first report to describe dystrophic mineralisation of the lung in exogenous lipid pneumonia and also the first to describe the CT features in cats. Exogenous lipid pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineral opacities in the dependent part of the lung lobes on thoracic radiographs or CT in cats, especially in cases of chronic constipation, previously exposed to mineral oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lloret
- Servei de medicina interna, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Anselmi
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe the CT characteristics of the adrenal glands in healthy cats, to provide normal reference biometry for adrenal gland size and attenuation values, and to investigate the association with age, sex, laterality and body weight. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of 30 CT studies of healthy adult cats recruited from September 2013 to July 2015 was performed. Healthy cats >1 year of age were included based on the absence of clinical signs, unremarkable physical examination, normal results of the complete blood count, biochemical profile, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus and Bartonella species infection tests. The relationship between gland biometry (size and attenuation values) and the age, sex, laterality and body weight of cats were tested by two-way ANOVA. The intraclass correlation coefficient was assessed and mean, SD, range and reference interval provided. RESULTS Twenty-seven cats were included. Bilobed, arrowhead and oval adrenal gland shape patterns were recognised, the first being most common. No statistically significant differences were observed between the biometric parameters (length, height and attenuation values) and age, sex, laterality or body weight of the cats. Regarding the width of the adrenal glands, there was a statistically significant effect of sex and laterality. The length (11.6 ± 2.1 mm) and height (6.1 ± 1.3 mm) were the most consistent biometrical parameters to describe adrenal glands. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adrenal gland shape, size and attenuation CT data of healthy feline patients are provided in this study, as well as normal reference intervals for morphometric characterisation based on adrenal length and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Mauricio Tobón Restrepo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group and Wildlife Ecopathology Service (SEFaS), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
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Altuzarra R, Movilla R, Roura X, Espada Y, Majo N, Novellas R. Computed tomographic features of destructive granulomatous rhinitis with intracranial extension secondary to leishmaniasis in a cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 61:E64-E68. [PMID: 29998611 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old castrated male Domestic Shorthair cat presented for evaluation of chronic history of nasal discharge and nasal stridor. On computed tomography (CT), a destructive ill-defined mass of soft tissue attenuation was occupying the right nasal cavity and extending into the left nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and rostral cranial cavity. Histopathology of the rhinoscopically excised samples consisted with destructive granulomatous rhinitis secondary to Leishmania spp. Chronic granulomatous rhinitis with intracranial and nasopharyneal extension secondary to Leishmania spp. infection should be included as a differential diagnosis for a destructive nasal mass of soft tissue attenuation, especially in endemic regions for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Altuzarra
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Majo
- Departament de Sanitat i d´Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Monreal M, Monreal L, de Gopegui RR, Espada Y, Angles AM, Monasterio J. Effects of Two Different Doses of Hirudin on APTT, Determined with Eight Different Reagents. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1653754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe APTT has been considered the most suitable candidate to monitor the anticoagulant activity of hirudin. However, its use is hampered by problems of standardization, which make the results heavily dependent on the responsiveness of the reagent used. Our aim was to investigate if this different responsiveness of different reagents when added in vitro is to be confirmed in an ex vivo study.Two different doses of r-hirudin (CGP 39393), 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, were administered subcutaneously to 20 New Zealand male rabbits, and the differences in prolongation of APTT 2 and 12 h later were compared, using 8 widely used commercial reagents. All groups exhibited a significant prolongation of APTT 2 h after sc administration of hirudin, both at low and high doses. But this prolongation persisted 12 h later only when the PTTa reagent (Boehringer Mannheim) was used. In general, hirudin prolonged the APTT most with the silica- based reagents.In a further study, we compared the same APTT reagents in an in vitro study in which normal pooled plasma was mixed with increasing amount of hirudin. We failed to confirm a higher sensitivity for silica- containing reagents. Thus, we conclude that subcutaneous administration of hirudin prolongs the APTT most with the silica-based reagents, but this effect is exclusive for the ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Monreal
- The Unit of Experimental Thrombosis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luis Monreal
- The Unit of Experimental Thrombosis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui
- The Unit of Experimental Thrombosis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- The Unit of Experimental Thrombosis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Angles
- The Unit of Experimental Thrombosis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jasone Monasterio
- The Unit of Experimental Thrombosis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Arrieta-Villegas C, Perálvarez T, Vidal E, Puighibet Z, Moll X, Canturri A, Sevilla IA, Espada Y, Juste RA, Domingo M, Pérez de Val B. Efficacy of parenteral vaccination against tuberculosis with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally challenged goats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196948. [PMID: 29742150 PMCID: PMC5942842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in animals is a re-emerging disease with a wide range of hosts that causes large economic losses in livestock. Goats are particularly susceptible to TB and, in endemic areas, vaccination may be a valuable measure to control the disease. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral vaccination of goats with a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB) vaccine, and compare it to M. bovis Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Twenty-four goat kids were divided in 3 groups as following: HIMB vaccinated group (n = 8), BCG vaccinated group (n = 8) and unvaccinated group (n = 8). Afterwards, goats were experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium caprae by the endobronchial route. Antigen specific interferon-γ release assays and serology were performed after vaccination and challenge. Pathological and bacteriological parameters were evaluated after necropsy at 9 weeks post-challenge (p.c.). HIMB vaccine showed similar levels of protection to BCG in terms of volume reduction of thoracic TB lesions, presence of extra-pulmonary lesions, as well as a slight reduction of bacterial load in pulmonary lymph nodes. Moreover, HIMB vaccine did not induce interferences on the interferon-γ release assay based on reagents previously developed to differentiate infected from BCG vaccinated individuals. The results indicate that HIMB is a suitable vaccine candidate for further larger-scale trials under field conditions in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arrieta-Villegas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tania Perálvarez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zoë Puighibet
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Canturri
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Derio, Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Domingo M, Vidal E, Espada Y, Moll X, Balseiro A, Canturri A, Pérez de Val B. Improved Measurement of Lesions for Assessment of Efficacy of Tuberculosis Vaccines in Small Ruminant Models: From Scoring To Imaging and Volumetric Quantification. J Comp Pathol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vila A, Movilla R, Castro J, Mallol C, Novellas R, Espada Y, Roura X. Successful medical management of pseudomembranous cystitis in three cats with lower urinary tract obstruction. Aust Vet J 2017; 96:33-38. [PMID: 29226304 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT The present case series describes the clinical course and outcome of three cats diagnosed with pseudomembranous cystitis. This is an uncommon presentation of lower urinary tract obstruction but can be easily be identified by ultrasonography, revealing severe bladder wall thickening and thin hyperechoic luminal strips. The condition can be secondary to severe bacterial urinary tract infection. All cats were successfully treated with medical management only, mainly based on antimicrobials and individualised supportive therapy. CONCLUSION Further evaluation of this condition is necessary in order to determine potential underlying aetiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms and the most appropriate standardised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vila
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Movilla
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Castro
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mallol
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Novellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Anselmi C, Dias S, Martorell J, Navarro M, Espada Y, Novellas R. Ultrasonographic anatomy of the atlanto-occipital region and ultrasound-guided cerebrospinal fluid collection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:188-197. [PMID: 29159974 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid analyses are important for diagnosis of neurologic problems in rabbits and for translational research projects using rabbits as models. Blind puncture of the cisterna magna is the current standard technique for sampling cerebrospinal fluid in this species. However, the complexity and small size of the cisterna magna and surrounding structures are limitations of this technique. Aims of this prospective, anatomic, pilot study were to (1) describe the normal anatomy of the atlanto-occipital region, (2) describe ultrasonographic anatomic landmarks, and (3) develop and evaluate a technique for ultrasound-guided puncture of the cisterna magna for cerebrospinal fluid sampling in rabbits. Thirty healthy rabbits were included and the study was conducted in three stages. Three rabbit cadavers were used for the first stage of the study. Then, the second stage was completed using 13 rabbit cadavers. Finally, the third stage was completed in 14 live rabbits. The ultrasound-guided puncture performed in 13 cadavers was successful at the first attempt in 10 cases, and at the second attempt in the remaining three cases. In the in vivo study, the ultrasound-guided puncture was successful in all 14 cases, without signs of complications. Findings supported the use of ultrasound-guided puncture of the cisterna magna as a safe technique that may be used routinely or when the sample of cerebrospinal fluid cannot be obtained with the blind technique in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Dias
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, UAB, Spain
| | - Jaume Martorell
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, UAB, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, UAB, Spain
| | - Marc Navarro
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, UAB, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, UAB, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, UAB, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, UAB, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, UAB, Spain
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Balseiro A, Altuzarra R, Vidal E, Moll X, Espada Y, Sevilla IA, Domingo M, Garrido JM, Juste RA, Prieto M, Pérez de Val B. Assessment of BCG and inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccines in an experimental tuberculosis infection model in sheep. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180546. [PMID: 28678885 PMCID: PMC5498051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a complex animal health problem that causes disruption to trade and significant economic losses. TB involves a multi-host system where sheep, traditionally considered a rare host of this infection, have been recently included. The aims of this study were to develop an experimental TB infection model in sheep with a Mycobacterium caprae field strain isolated from a tuberculous diseased ewe, and to use this to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two vaccines against TB in sheep, the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. Methods Eighteen 2 month-old lambs were experimentally challenged with M. caprae by the endotracheal route (1.5 × 103 CFU). They were separated per treatment group into parenterally vaccinated with a live BCG Danish strain vaccine (n = 6), orally vaccinated with a suspension of HIMB (n = 6) and unvaccinated controls (n = 6). Clinical, immunological, pathological and bacteriological parameters of infection were measured. Results All lambs were successfully infected and developed gross TB lesions in the respiratory system. The BCG vaccine conferred considerable protection against experimental TB in lambs, as measured by a reduction of the gross lesion volumes and bacterial load. However, HIMB vaccinated animals did not show protection. Conclusions This study proposes a reliable new experimental model for a better understanding of tuberculosis in sheep. BCG vaccination offers an effective prospect for controlling the disease. Moreover alternative doses and/or routes of administration should be considered to evaluate the efficacy of the HIMB vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Balseiro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Derio, Bizkaia, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Derio, Bizkaia, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Recio A, de la Fuente C, Pumarola M, Espada Y, Añor S. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic characteristics of a glioma causing calvarial erosion in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 60:E1-E5. [PMID: 28449234 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old female Boxer was examined for acute onset of seizures. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an intra-axial mass with imaging features consistent with glioma was observed in the right cerebral hemisphere. A defect in the temporal bone adjacent to the mass was observed. Postmortem computed tomography (CT) confirmed temporal bone osteolysis and necropsy demonstrated a glioblastoma with associated calvarial erosion. Although occasionally described in human medicine, to our knowledge, this is the first description of a brain glioma causing calvarial erosion in a dog. Glioma should be included as a differential diagnosis for intracranial lesions that could cause bony changes in the skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Recio
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian de la Fuente
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Añor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Vilalta L, Altuzarra R, Espada Y, Dominguez E, Novellas R, Martorell J. Description and comparison of excretory urography performed during radiography and computed tomography for evaluation of the urinary system in healthy New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:472-481. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.4.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vilalta L, Meléndez-Lazo A, Canturri A, Altuzarra R, Espada Y, Ramis A, Pastor J, Martorell J. Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma With Metastases and Hypercalcemia in a Ferret ( Mustela putorius furo ). J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vilalta L, Dominguez E, Altuzarra R, Sibera N, Espada Y, Novellas R, Martorell J. IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION STENOSIS CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS AND HYDROURETER IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO
). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 58:E31-E36. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vilalta
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Elisabet Dominguez
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Raul Altuzarra
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Neus Sibera
- Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Jaime Martorell
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Torres M, Pastor J, Roura X, Tabar MD, Espada Y, Font A, Balasch J, Planellas M. Adverse urinary effects of allopurinol in dogs with leishmaniasis. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:299-304. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Torres
- Servei d'Urgències i Medecina Interna, Hospital Veterinari Balmes; Carrer Balmes 81 08008 Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Pastor
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - X. Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - M. D. Tabar
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Centro Policlínico Veterinario Raspeig, Calle Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez Rodriguez; 17, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig Alicante Spain
| | - Y. Espada
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - A. Font
- Servei de Medecina Interna, Hospital Ars Veterinària; Carrer Cardedeu 3 08023 Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Balasch
- Servei d'Urgències i Medecina Interna, Hospital Veterinari Balmes; Carrer Balmes 81 08008 Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Planellas
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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Crisci E, Fraile L, Novellas R, Espada Y, Cabezón R, Martínez J, Cordoba L, Bárcena J, Benitez-Ribas D, Montoya M. In vivo tracking and immunological properties of pulsed porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:343-54. [PMID: 25282042 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies using immune cells and in particular dendritic cells (DCs) are being increasingly applied in clinical trials and vaccines. Their success partially depends on accurate delivery of cells to target organs or migration to lymph nodes. Delivery and subsequent migration of cells to regional lymph nodes is essential for effective stimulation of the immune system. Thus, the design of an optimal DC therapy would be improved by optimizing technologies for monitoring DC trafficking. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a powerful tool for non-invasive imaging of DC migration in vivo. Domestic pigs share similarities with humans and represent an excellent animal model for immunological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility using pigs as models for DC tracking in vivo. Porcine monocyte derived DC (MoDC) culture with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles was standardized on the basis of SPIO concentration and culture viability. Phenotype, cytokine production and mixed lymphocyte reaction assay confirmed that porcine SPIO-MoDC culture were similar to mock MoDCs and fully functional in vivo. Alike, similar patterns were obtained in human MoDCs. After subcutaneous inoculation in pigs, porcine SPIO-MoDC migration to regional lymph nodes was detected by MRI and confirmed by Perls staining of draining lymph nodes. Moreover, after one dose of virus-like particles-pulsed MoDCs specific local and systemic responses were confirmed using ELISPOT IFN-γ in pigs. In summary, the results in this work showed that after one single subcutaneous dose of pulsed MoDCs, pigs were able to elicit specific local and systemic immune responses. Additionally, the dynamic imaging of MRI-based DC tracking was shown using SPIO particles. This proof-of-principle study shows the potential of using pigs as a suitable animal model to test DC trafficking with the aim of improving cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crisci
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | | | - Rosa Novellas
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Cabezón
- Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Cordoba
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Juan Bárcena
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Benitez-Ribas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Domínguez E, Ruberte J, Ríos J, Novellas R, Del Alamo MMR, Navarro M, Espada Y. Non-invasive in vivo measurement of cardiac output in C57BL/6 mice using high frequency transthoracic ultrasound: evaluation of gender and body weight effects. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 30:1237-44. [PMID: 24852337 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-014-0454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Even though mice are being increasingly used as models for human cardiovascular diseases, non-invasive monitoring of cardiovascular parameters such as cardiac output (CO) in this species is challenging. In most cases, the effects of gender and body weight (BW) on these parameters have not been studied. The objective of this study was to provide normal reference values for CO in C57BL/6 mice, and to describe possible gender and/or BW associated differences between them. We used 30-MHz transthoracic Doppler ultrasound to measure hemodynamic parameters in the ascending aorta [heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), CO, and cardiac index (CI)] in ten anesthetized mice of either sex. No differences were found for HR, SV, and CO. Both SI and CI were statistically lower in males. However, after normalization for BW, these differences disappeared. These results suggest that if comparisons of cardiovascular parameters are to be made between male and female mice, values should be standardized for BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Domínguez
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus, 08193, Barcelona, Spain,
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Domínguez E, Rivera del Álamo M, Novellas R, Espada Y, Santos L, García F, Andaluz A, Fresno L. Doppler evaluation of the effects of propofol, etomidate and alphaxalone on fetoplacental circulation hemodynamics in the pregnant ewe. Placenta 2013; 34:738-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Domínguez E, Anadón E, Espada Y, Grau-Roma L, Majó N, Novellas R. Imaging diagnosis--ultrasonographic appearance of small bowel metastasis from canine mammary carcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:208-12. [PMID: 23763430 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old entire female Beagle dog was evaluated for an acute history of lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea. Mammary tumors were detected during physical examination. Ultrasonographic scanning revealed the presence of a unique pattern of multiple, well-defined and well-marginated hypoechoic nodules in the muscularis layer of the jejunum. These nodules were not associated with changes in the rest of the normal intestinal layering and were not causing signs of intestinal obstruction. Mammary carcinoma metastases to the intestinal muscularis layer were diagnosed based on histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Domínguez
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinary, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether high-frequency diagnostic ultrasonography is useful for assessment of skin thickness in Shar-Peis. ANIMALS 10 healthy Shar-Peis and 10 healthy Beagles used as controls. PROCEDURES Ultrasonographic examination of the skin was performed on 4 cutaneous sites by use of a 13-MHz linear-array transducer, and the mean of 3 measurements was calculated. Ultrasonography results were compared with histologic findings of skin specimens stained with H&E, Alcian blue at a pH of 2.5, and Masson trichrome stains, with histometric measurements of skin thickness made by use of a microscope, and with measurements of skin thickness made by use of a plicometer. Ultrasonograpy results were also compared via age and sex of selected animals. RESULTS A clear correlation was detected between ultrasonography results and results of histologic and histometric analysis in both groups. In Shar-Peis, no correlation was found between ultrasonography results and age and sex, whereas in Beagles, a weak positive correlation was found only between skin thickness in dorsal cervical and frontal (on the rostral margins of the supraorbital processes) regions and age. A positive overall correlation was found in Shar-Peis between measurements made via ultrasonography and plicometery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ultrasonography was a useful tool to assess skin thickness, and in Shar-Peis, it might be considered a valid alternative to invasive methods such as histologic examination to objectively estimate the severity of hereditary cutaneous hyaluronosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Zanna
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Dominguez E, Novellas R, Moya A, Espada Y, Martorell J. Abdominal radiographic and ultrasonographic findings in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with systemic coronavirus infection. Vet Rec 2011; 169:231. [PMID: 21862468 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ferret systemic coronavirus infection (FSCV) is a systemic disease in ferrets that clinically and pathologically resembles the dry form of FIP. The present study describes abdominal imaging features of 11 ferrets with FSCV. Abdominal survey radiographs were available for eight ferrets and ultrasound examination for all cases. Loss of lumbar musculature, decreased peritoneal detail, presence of mid-abdominal soft-tissue masses and splenomegaly were the most significant radiographic signs in these patients. Ultrasonographic findings including peritonitis, abdominal lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, abdominal soft-tissue masses, nephromegaly and changes in the renal cortex echogenicity were recorded in the majority of cases with FSCV. As an imaging modality, ultrasound is superior to radiology when abdominal contrast is reduced, as it frequently occurs in these cases. However, although imaging techniques provide additional information in the antemortem diagnosis, they can not replace the definitive diagnosis based on histological and immunohistochemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dominguez
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Novellas R, Ruiz de Gopegui R, Espada Y. Assessment of renal vascular resistance and blood pressure in dogs and cats with renal disease. Vet Rec 2010; 166:618-23. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Novellas
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Autonomous University of Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés Spain
| | - R. Ruiz de Gopegui
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Autonomous University of Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés Spain
| | - Y. Espada
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Autonomous University of Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés Spain
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Novellas R, Ruiz de Gopegui R, Espada Y. Determination of renal vascular resistance in dogs with diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism. Vet Rec 2008; 163:592-6. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.20.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Novellas
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Edifici V Campus 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Ruiz de Gopegui
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Edifici V Campus 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Y. Espada
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Edifici V Campus 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
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Valente AL, Parga ML, Espada Y, Lavin S, Alegre F, Marco I, Cuenca R. Evaluation of Doppler ultrasonography for the measurement of blood flow in young loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Vet J 2008; 176:385-92. [PMID: 17493852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify ultrasound accessible blood vessels in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and describe their Doppler waveform patterns, peak systolic velocity, mean velocity, systolic/diastolic ratio as well as pulsatility and resistive indices. B-mode, colour and pulsed-wave Doppler examinations were performed on 10 turtles. Flow measurements were recorded for the left and right aorta, epigastric and internal iliac arteries, and right hepatic vein. Additionally, the large blood vessels of three dead turtles were injected with latex and dissected for anatomical support. A parabolic flow velocity profile was observed in all arteries. The waveforms of the right and left aortic arteries showed an unusual pattern when compared with mammals. The hepatic vein flow velocity waveform of the loggerhead sea turtle was found to be similar to that in the dog, although the flow velocity in the C-wave was higher than that in the A-wave. The low resistance flow pattern observed suggests that the loggerhead sea turtle's organs require a continuous blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Valente
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Novellas R, de Gopegui RR, Espada Y. Increased renal vascular resistance in dogs with hepatic disease. Vet J 2007; 178:257-62. [PMID: 17855130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that can be used to estimate vascular resistance by calculation of resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). Liver disease may increase renal RI and PI, and in humans with liver disease the indices are monitored to attain prognostic information. Systemic hypertension has been found in dogs with hepatic disease and is also related to increased renal vascular resistance in humans. The aim of this study was to examine renal vascular resistance increases in dogs with hepatic disease and to ascertain whether these may be related to blood pressure increases and biochemical parameters. Twenty dogs with hepatic disease were evaluated. The mean renal RI, PI, and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher than in normal animals. A positive correlation was found between the indices and alkaline phosphatase but not with systolic blood pressure. It is concluded that renal vascular resistance may increase in dogs with hepatic disease and in this study was above the limit value in 50% of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Novellas
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Twenty live and five dead juvenile and subadult loggerhead sea turtles were examined ultrasonographically. Ten soft tissue areas of the integument were used as acoustic windows: cervical-dorsal and cervical-ventral, left and right cervicobrachial, left and right axillary, left and right prefemoral and left and right postfemoral windows. Anatomical cross-sections were performed on the dead turtles to provide reference data. The fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae, the spinal cord, and the venous sinuses of the external jugular vein were clearly visible through the cervical-dorsal acoustic window, and the oesophagus and the heart were imaged through the cervical-ventral acoustic window. The stomach was more frequently visible through the left axillary acoustic window. The liver could be imaged through both sides, but the right axillary acoustic window was better for visualising the gall bladder. The large and small intestines and the kidneys were visible through the right and left prefemoral acoustic windows; the kidneys were easily identified by their intense vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Valente
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Ruiz de Gopegui R, Peñalba B, Goicoa A, Espada Y, Fidalgo LE, Espino L. Clinico-pathological findings and coagulation disorders in 45 cases of canine babesiosis in Spain. Vet J 2007; 174:129-32. [PMID: 16901737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of clinical cases of babesiosis in dogs examined at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Rof Codina, from January 2003 to October 2004 is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct observation of large piroplasms in stained blood smears. Dogs with concurrent diseases were excluded from the study. Clinical signs, complete blood count, serum biochemistry and hemostasis profiles were obtained. The observed clinical signs were due to hemolytic anemia and inflammatory responses but the most relevant clinico-pathological findings were related to alterations in hemostasis. All dogs presented with thrombocytopenia and 20% had disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Anemia of variable severity was observed in most of the dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Novellas R, Ruiz de Gopegui R, Espada Y. Effects of sedation with midazolam and butorphanol on resistive and pulsatility indices in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48:276-80. [PMID: 17508517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are indirect measurements of blood flow resistance that may be measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography. Chemical restrain may potentially alter the indices although it is required to perform ultrasonography in some patients. The purpose of this study was to describe values for both intrarenal and ocular RI and PI within the same subject in clinically normal dogs sedated with a midazolam and butorphanol combination and evaluate if there are any significant changes between sedated and nonsedated dogs. Fifteen healthy Beagle dogs were studied by Duplex Doppler interrogation in interlobar or arcuate arteries of the kidney and long posterior ciliary artery. Pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were also determined. All measurements were recorded before and after the administration of a sedative combination of midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Mean comparison tests (paired t-tests or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test) were used to determine if any significant differences existed between right and left renal values or right and left ocular values. A correlation study (Pearson or Spearman) was applied between RI, PI, and systolic pressure, and pulse rate. RI and PI were significantly higher in sedated Beagles than in unsedated Beagles. There was neither correlation between index and systolic blood pressure nor pulse rate. In conclusion, provided that normal RI and PI increase in sedated animals, then reference ranges should be higher when sedated--healthy or ill--animals are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Novellas
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Solano-Gallego L, Rodríguez-Cortés A, Iniesta L, Quintana J, Pastor J, Espada Y, Portús M, Alberola J. Cross-sectional serosurvey of feline leishmaniasis in ecoregions around the Northwestern Mediterranean. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 76:676-80. [PMID: 17426169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional serosurvey using Leishmania infantum ELISA was performed on 445 cats living in ecoregions around the Northwestern Mediterranean basin; 58 cats from an area of the US where leishmaniasis is not endemic were used as negative controls. ELISA results were further confirmed in 69 cats by Western blot (WB). Finally, 76 of them were also tested for FeLV and FIV. Seroprevalence by ELISA-prot A was 6.29%, and that by ELISA-IgG was 5.25%. Positive cat sera recognized patterns of polypeptides in WB, including L. infantum-specific antigenic fractions. There was no association with retroviruses. Leishmania-specific antibodies are prevalent in cats living in ecoregions around the Northwestern Mediterranean basin; thus, leishmaniasis must be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases in cats living in these ecoregions. Their role as peridomestic reservoirs for L. infantum needs further characterization, but it could be hypothesized that the cat is a secondary reservoir host, rather than an accidental one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Novellas R, Espada Y, Ruiz de Gopegui R. DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF RENAL AND OCULAR RESISTIVE AND PULSATILITY INDICES IN NORMAL DOGS AND CATS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48:69-73. [PMID: 17236363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) are indirect measurements of blood flow resistance that may be used to evaluate vascular changes in renal and ophthalmologic diseases. To our knowledge, no reports are available describing values for renal and ocular PI index in the unsedated dog and ocular RI and PI indices in the unsedated cat. The purpose of this study was to measure normal values for both intrarenal and ocular RI and PI within the same subject in unsedated clinically normal dogs and cats. Twenty-seven dogs and 10 cats were considered healthy by means of physical examination, CBC, biochemical profile, urinalysis, and ultrasonography. Systolic blood pressure was measured by Doppler ultrasonography. Intrarenal and ocular arteries were scanned by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography to calculate RI and PI. No significant differences were noted between the values obtained for the right vs. the left kidney and eye. The upper values of these indices were calculated as mean + 2 standard deviations resulting in 0.72 and 1.52 for dog renal RI and PI; 0.7 and 1.29 for cat renal RI and PI; 0.76 and 1.68 for dog ocular RI and PI; and 0.72 and 1.02 for cat ocular RI and PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Novellas
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici V. Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Solano-Gallego L, Hegarty B, Espada Y, Llull J, Breitschwerdt E. Serological and molecular evidence of exposure to arthropod-borne organisms in cats from northeastern Spain. Vet Microbiol 2006; 118:274-7. [PMID: 16919405 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One hundred sixty-eight cat sera from Spain were tested for IgG antibodies to Rickettsia conorii (Rc), Ehrlichia canis (Ec), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap) and Bartonella henselae (Bh) antigens using IFA and for FeLV antigen and FIV antibody by ELISA. For 47 whole blood samples, PCR testing was performed for Rickettsia, Ehrlichia and Bartonella. Seroprevalences were: Bh (71.4%), Rc (44%), Ec (11.3%), FeLV (8.5%), FIV (7.4%) and Ap (1.8%). Bh antibodies were associated with seroreactivity to both Ec and Rc antigens. FIV antibodies were associated with illness and cats older than 2 years. Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae (Bcl) DNA was amplified from seven and one sample, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Solano-Gallego
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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