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Diao L, Badkhshan S, VanDyke M, Lewis Z, Dropkin B, Joice G, Sanders S, Hudak S, Morey A. Penile Extra-Tunical Graft Reconstruction of Peyronie's Disease Concavity Deformities. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Heys C, Fisher AM, Dewhurst AD, Lewis Z, Lizé A. Exposure to foreign gut microbiota can facilitate rapid dietary shifts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16791. [PMID: 34408232 PMCID: PMC8373899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary niche is fundamental for determining species ecology; thus, a detailed understanding of what drives variation in dietary niche is vital for predicting ecological shifts and could have implications for species management. Gut microbiota can be important for determining an organism’s dietary preference, and therefore which food resources they are likely to exploit. Evidence for whether the composition of the gut microbiota is plastic in response to changes in diet is mixed. Also, the extent to which dietary preference can be changed following colonisation by new gut microbiota from different species is unknown. Here, we use Drosophila spp. to show that: (1) the composition of an individual’s gut microbiota can change in response to dietary changes, and (2) ingestion of foreign gut microbes can cause individuals to be attracted to food types they previously had a strong aversion to. Thus, we expose a mechanism for facilitating rapid shifts in dietary niche over short evolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heys
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.,School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2RU, UK
| | - A M Fisher
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK. .,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - A D Dewhurst
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Z Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - A Lizé
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Station Marine de Dinard, Dinard, France.,UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
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Best A, Lewis Z, Hurst G, Lizé A. Thermal environment during and outside courtship jointly determine female remating rate in Drosophila melanogaster. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis manipulates host reproduction by rendering infected males reproductively incompatible with uninfected females (cytoplasmic incompatibility; CI). CI is believed to occur as a result of Wolbachia-induced modifications to sperm during maturation, which prevent infected sperm from initiating successful zygote development when fertilizing uninfected females' eggs. However, the mechanism by which CI occurs has been little studied outside the genus Drosophila. Here, we show that in the sperm heteromorphic Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, infected males transfer fewer fertile sperm at mating than uninfected males. In contrast, non-fertile apyrene sperm are not affected. This indicates that Wolbachia may only affect fertile sperm production and highlights the potential of the Lepidoptera as a model for examining the mechanism by which Wolbachia induces CI in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lewis
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
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Abstract
It is unknown why females mate with multiple males when mating is frequently costly and a single copulation often provides enough sperm to fertilize all a female's eggs. One possibility is that remating increases the fitness of offspring, because fertilization success is biased toward the sperm of high-fitness males. We show that female Drosophila pseudoobscura evolved increased remating rates when exposed to the risk of mating with males carrying a deleterious sex ratio-distorting gene that also reduces sperm competitive ability. Because selfish genetic elements that reduce sperm competitive ability are generally associated with low genetic fitness, they may represent a common driver of the evolution of polyandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A R Price
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
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