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Zarghi A, Hajimahdi Z, Mohebbi S, Rashidi H, Mozaffari S, Sarraf S, Faizi M, Tabatabaee SA, Shafiee A. Design and Synthesis of New 2-Substituted-5-[2-(2-halobenzyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as Anticonvulsant Agents. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:509-12. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi MR. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of new 1,3,4-oxadiazole- and 1,3,4-thiadiazole-substituted 4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines as anti-HIV-1 agents. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oxadiazoles represent a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds which are of considerable interest in different areas of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Oxadiazoles can exist in different regioisomeric forms and employ in various agents with a broad range of biological activities. This review covers the work reported on various biological activities of oxadiazole derivatives from 2010 to 2012. AREAS COVERED Oxadiazole derivatives attract great attention due to their different kinds of pharmaceutical activities including antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. This paper provides a general review of oxadiazole derivatives published in international journals and patented between 2010 and 2012. EXPERT OPINION Oxadiazoles have been used frequently in drug-like molecules as bioisosteres for ester and amide functionalities and displayed numerous prominent pharmacological effects. The broad pharmacological profile of oxadiazole derivatives has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore this scaffold to its multiple potential against several activities. Therefore, oxadiazole motif is likely to be present in other therapeutic molecules in the future.
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Review |
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Mosayebnia M, Hajimahdi Z, Beiki D, Rezaeianpour M, Hajiramezanali M, Geramifar P, Sabzevari O, Amini M, Hatamabadi D, Shahhosseini S. Design, synthesis, radiolabeling and biological evaluation of new urea-based peptides targeting prostate specific membrane antigen. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103743. [PMID: 32217372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Prostate cancer (PCa) plays a vital role in successful treatment increasing the survival rate of patients. Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is over-expressed in almost all types of PCa. The goal of present study is to introduce new 99mTc-labeled peptides as a PSMA inhibitor for specific detection of PCa at early stages. Based on published PSMA-targeting compounds, a set of peptides bearing the well-known Glu-Urea-Lys pharmacophore and new non-urea containing pharmacophore were designed and assessed by in silico docking studies. The selected peptides were synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc. The in-vitro tests (log P, stability in normal saline and fresh human plasma, and affinity toward PSMA-positive LNCaP cell line) and in-vivo characterizations of radiopeptides (biodistribution and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging in normal and tumour-bearing mice) were performed. The peptides 1-3 containing Glu-Urea-Lys and Glu-GABA-Asp as pharmacophores were efficiently interacted with crystal structure of PSMA and showed the highest binding energies range from -8 to -11.2 kcal/mol. Regarding the saturation binding test, 99mTc-labeled peptide 1 had the highest binding affinity (Kd = 13.58 nM) to PSMA-positive cells. SPECT-CT imaging and biodistribution studies showed high kidneys and tumour uptake 1 h post-injection of radiopeptide 1 and 2 (%ID/g tumour = 3.62 ± 0.78 and 1.8 ± 0.32, respectively). 99mTc-peptide 1 (Glu-urea-Lys-Gly-Ala-Asp-Naphthylalanine-HYNIC-99mTc) exhibited the highest binding affinity, high radiochemical purity, the most stability and high specific accumulation in prostate tumour lesions. 99mTc-peptide 1 being of comparable efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties with the well-known PET tracer (68Ga-PSMA-11) seems to be applied as a promising SPECT imaging agent to early diagnose of PCa and consequently increase survival rate of patients.
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Hajimahdi Z, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi M, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis and Docking Studies of New 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbohydrazide Derivatives as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:192-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hajimahdi Z, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi MR, Ashtiani SH, Zarghi A. Novel quinolone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as anti-HIV-1 agents: design, synthesis, and biological activities. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Safakish M, Hajimahdi Z, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi MR, Vahabpour R, Zarghi A. Design, synthesis, and docking studies of new 2-benzoxazolinone derivatives as anti-HIV-1 agents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hajimahdi Z, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi MR, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies and Biological Activities Novel 2,3- Diaryl-4-Quinazolinone Derivatives as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:214-222. [PMID: 31518225 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190911125359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although major efforts have been devoted to the effective treatment of HIV-1 infection, it has remained one of the leading causes of deaths around the world. So, development of anti-HIV-1 agents featuring novel structure is essential. OBJECTIVE To synthesize novel quinazolinone derivatives and evaluate their anti-HIV-1 activity. METHOD In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 2,3-diaryl-4-quinazolinone derivatives using a one-pot multicomponent reaction. Then, the resulting derivatives were evaluated for anti-HIV-1 activity using Hela cell-based single-cycle replication assay. RESULTS Most of the compounds showed efficacy against HIV-1 replication and the compound 9c exhibited the highest activity with EC50 value of 37 μM. Docking studies indicated that synthesized compounds can interact with the key residues of the HIV-1 integrase active site. Binding of the most active compound was consistent with the HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Based on our results, these derivatives represent novel lead compounds for the development of new promising anti-HIV-1 agents.
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Safakish M, Hajimahdi Z, Aghasadeghi MR, Vahabpour R, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Anti-HIV Assay of Novel Quinazolinone Incorporated Coumarin Derivatives. Curr HIV Res 2021; 18:41-51. [PMID: 31820700 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666191210105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant viral strains has created the need for the development of novel anti-HIV agents with a diverse structure that targets key enzymes in the HIV lifecycle. OBJECTIVE Considering the pharmacophore of integrase inhibitors, one of the validated targets for anti-HIV therapy, we designed a quinazolinone incorporated coumarin scaffold to affect HIV. METHODS Coumarin is a beta enol ester and also a well-known drug scaffold. Designed structures were prepared using a one-pot three-component reaction from 3-amino-4-hydroxycoumarin, isatoic anhydride and benzaldehyde derivatives. RESULTS In vitro anti-HIV and cytotoxicity assay indicated that more than half of the compounds had EC50 values lower than 50 µM. Unsubstituted phenyl derivative showed the highest activity and selectivity with an EC50 value of 5 µM and a therapeutic index of 7. Compounds were docked into the integrase active site to investigate the probable mechanism of action. Accordingly, the hydroxyl moiety of coumarin along with the carbonyl of the quinazolinone ring could function as the metal chelating group. Quinazolinone and phenyl groups interact with side chains of IN residues, as well. CONCLUSION Here, a novel anti-HIV scaffold is represented for further modification and in-vivo studies.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Dowlati Beirami A, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Docking-based 3D-QSAR (CoMFA, CoMFA-RG, CoMSIA) study on hydroquinoline and thiazinan-4-one derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2999-3006. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1502687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ebrahimzadeh E, Tabatabai SA, Vahabpour R, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Study and Biological Evaluation of New N'-Arylidene-pyrido [2,3- d]pyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide Derivatives as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:237-248. [PMID: 32802103 PMCID: PMC7393058 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.112198.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify potential new agents that are active against HIV-1, a series of novel pyridopyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide derivatives featuring a substituted benzylidene fragment were designed and synthesized based on the general pharmacophore of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. The cytotoxicity profiles of these compounds showed no significant toxicity to human cells and they exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values ranging from 90 to 155 µM. Compound 5j bearing 4-methylbenzylidene group was found to be the most active compound with EC50 = 90 µM and selectivity index, CC50/EC50 = 6.4. Molecular modeling studies indicated the capacity of compound 5j to interact with two Mg2+ cations and several residues that are important in HIV-1 integrase inhibition. These findings suggested that pyridopyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide scaffold might become a promising template for development of novel anti-HIV-1 agents.
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Parizadeh N, Alipour E, Soleymani S, Zabihollahi R, Aghasadeghi MR, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Synthesis of Novel 3-(5-(Alkyl/arylthio)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)-8-Phenylquinolin-4(1H)-One Derivatives as Anti-HIV Agents. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1394302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mahboubi Rabbani SMI, Vahabpour R, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Studies and Biological Evaluation of N'-Arylidene-6-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazide Derivatives as Novel Anti-HCV Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:1790-1802. [PMID: 32184846 PMCID: PMC7059030 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.112186.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HCV-induced hepatitis is one of the most debilitating diseases. The limited number of anti-HCV drugs and drug-resistance necessitate developing of new scaffolds with different mode of actions. HCV non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) is an attractive target for development of novel inhibitors of HCV replication. In this paper, new N'-arylidene-6-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives were designed based on the pharmacophores of HCV NS5B active site binding inhibitors. Designed compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities in a cell-based HCV replicon system assay. Among tested compounds, compounds 18 and 20 were found to be the most active (EC50 = 35 and 70 µM, respectively) with good selectivity index (SI > 2) in the corresponding series. Molecular modeling studies showed that the designed compounds are capable of forming key coordination with the two magnesium ions as well as interactions with other key residues at the active site of HCV NS5B.
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Kamyar K, Safakish M, Zebardast T, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Molecular Docking and QSAR Study of 2-Benzoxazolinone, Quinazoline and Diazocoumarin Derivatives as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:1253-1263. [PMID: 32641936 PMCID: PMC6934961 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-benzoxazolinone, diazocoumarin and quinazoline derivatives have been shown to inhibit HIV replication in cell culture. To understand the pharmacophore properties of selected molecules and design new anti-HIV agents, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) study was developed using a descriptor selection approach based on the stepwise method. Multiple linear regression method was applied to relate the anti-HIV activities of dataset molecules to the selected descriptors. Obtained QSAR model was statistically significant with correlation coefficient R2 of 0.84 and leave one out coefficient Q2 of 0.73. The model was validated by test set molecules giving satisfactory prediction value (R2test) of 0.79. Molecules also were docked on HIV integrase enzyme and showed important interactions with the key residues in enzyme active site. These data might be helpful for design and discovery of novel anti-HIV compounds.
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Faraji N, Zebardast T, Zarghi A, Hajimahdi Z. QSAR Modeling of Aminopeptidase N/CD13 (APN) Inhibitory Activity of some Leucine Ureido Derivatives by GA-MLR and SW-MLR Methods. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180814666170529084557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Abbasi M, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase/Integrase Dual Inhibitors: A Review of Recent Advances and Structure-activity Relationship Studies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:333-369. [PMID: 34567166 PMCID: PMC8457747 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115446.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The significant threat to humanity is HIV infection, and it is uncertain whether a definitive treatment or a safe HIV vaccine is. HIV-1 is continually evolving and resistant to commonly used HIV-resistant medications, presenting significant obstacles to HIV infection management. The drug resistance adds to the need for new anti-HIV drugs; it chooses ingenious approaches to fight the emerging virus. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a multi-target approach for specific therapies, has proved effective in AIDS treatment. Therefore, it is a dynamic system with high prescription tension, increased risk of medication reactions, and adverse effects, leading to poor compliance with patients. In the HIV-1 lifecycle, two critical enzymes with high structural and functional analogies are reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN), which can be interpreted as druggable targets for modern dual-purpose inhibitors. Designed multifunctional ligand (DML) is a new technique that recruited many targets to be achieved by one chemical individual. A single chemical entity that acts for multiple purposes can be much more successful than a complex multidrug program. The production of these multifunctional ligands as antiretroviral drugs is valued with the advantage that the viral-replication process may end in two or more phases. This analysis will discuss the RT-IN dual-inhibitory scaffolds' developments documented so far.
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Review |
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Imani A, Soleymani S, Vahabpour R, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Piroxicam Analogs: Design, Synthesis, Docking Study and Biological Evaluation as Promising Anti-HIV-1 agents. Med Chem 2021; 18:209-219. [PMID: 33550978 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210125141639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking the well-known drug, Piroxicam as a lead compound, we designed and synthesized two series of 1,2-benzothiazines 1,1-dioxide derivatives to assay their ability in inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cell culture. OBJECTIVE In this study, we describe the synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of 1,2-benzothiazines 1,1- dioxide derivatives. RESULTS Most of the new compounds were active in the cell-based anti-HIV-1 assay with EC50 < 50 M. Among them, compounds 7g was found to be the most active molecule. Docking study using 3OYA pdb code on the most active molecule 7g with EC50 values of 10 M showed a similar binding mode to the HIV integrase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Since all the compounds showed no remarkable cytotoxicity (CC50> 500 M), the designed scaffold is promising structure for development of new anti-HIV-1 agents.
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Karimi N, Vahabpour Roudsari R, Azami Movahed M, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. 4-(1-Benzyl-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazol-2-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:408-417. [PMID: 34400969 PMCID: PMC8170749 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.114341.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still an incurable disease with increasing mortality rate. Despite the development of effective FDA-approved anti-HIV drugs, there are some problems due to the growing of resistant viral strands. Therefore, discovery of novel anti-HIV agents is so needed. Integrase, targeted in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is a crucial enzyme in viral replication. In this study, new benzimidazolyl diketo acid derivatives were designed according to required features for inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Designed compounds were synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV-1 effects. According to the cell-based biological assay’s results, most of the tested compounds demonstrated good anti-HIV-1 activity, ranging from 40-90 µM concentration with no severe cytotoxicity. The most potent compound was 13g with EC50 value of 40 µM and CC50 value of 550 µM. Docking analysis of compound 13g in integrase active site was in good agreement with well-known integrase inhibitors, proposing that anti-HIV-1 potency of compounds may be via integrase inhibition.
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Safakish M, Hajimahdi Z, Vahabpour R, Zabihollahi R, Zarghi A. Novel Benzoxazin-3-one Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Anti-HIV-1 and Integrase Inhibitory Assay. Med Chem 2020; 16:938-946. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190826161123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:
Integrase is a validated drug target for anti-HIV-1 therapy. The second
generation integrase inhibitors display π-stacking interaction ability with 3’-end nucleotide as a
streamlined metal chelating pharmacophore.
Method:
In this study, we introduced benzoxazin-3-one scaffold for integrase inhibitory potential
as bioisostere replacement strategy of 2-benzoxazolinone.
Results:
Molecular modeling studies revealed that amide functionality alongside oxadiazole heteroatoms
and sulfur in the second position of oxadiazole ring could mimic the metal chelating
pharmacophore. The halobenzyl ring occupies hydrophobic site created by the cytidylate nucleotide
(DC-16).
Conclusion:
The most potent and selective compound displayed 110 μM IC50 with a selectivity
index of more than 2.
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Hajimahdi Z, Ranjbar A, Abolfazl Suratgar A, Zarghi A. QSAR Study on Anti-HIV-1 Activity of 4-Oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline and 4-Oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives Using SW-MLR, Artificial Neural Network and Filtering Methods. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:69-75. [PMID: 26185507 PMCID: PMC4499428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship was performed on the novel4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline and 4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives to explore relationship between the structure of synthesized compounds and their anti-HIV-1 activities. In this way, the suitable set of the molecular descriptors was calculated and the important descriptors using the variable selections of the stepwise technique were selected. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) as nonlinear system were used for constructing QSAR models. The predictive quality of the quantitative structure-activity relationship models was tested for an external set of five compounds, randomly chosen out of 25 compounds. The findings exhibited that stepwise-ANN model was more efficient at prediction activity of both training and test sets with high statistical qualities. Based on QSAR models results, electronegativity, the atomic masses, the atomic van der Waals volumes, the molecular symmetry and polarizability were found to be important factors controlling the anti-HIV-1 activity.
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Mosayebnia M, Rezaeianpour S, Rikhtechi P, Hajimahdi Z, Beiki D, Kobarfard F, sabzevari O, Amini M, Abdi K, Shahhosseini S. Novel and Efficient Method for Solid Phase Synthesis of Urea-Containing Peptides Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) in Comparison with Current Methods. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:917-926. [PMID: 30127815 PMCID: PMC6094430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The basic chemical structure of most prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors which are now in pre-clinical and clinical studies is Glu-Ureido-based peptides. Synthesis of urea-based PSMA inhibitors includes two steps: 1- isocyanate intermediate formation and 2- urea bond formation. In current methods, isocyanate is formed in liquid phase and then reacts with amine existing in liquid phase or bound to solid phase for urea bond formation. In this study, we developed a new facile method for formation of both isocyanate and urea on solid phase under standard peptide coupling conditions. The solid phase-bound isocyanate served as intermediate to form urea bond. To monitor reaction progress qualitative test (Kaiser Test) and On-Bead FT-IR spectroscopy were used. The structure of Glutamate-Urea-Lysine (EUK) was confirmed using LC-Mass and 1H-NMR. This novel method successfully was applied to synthesize of another urea-based peptide containing a sequence of Glu-Urea-Lys (OMe)-GABA-Tyr-Tyr-GABA and the bifunctional linker hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) as well.
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Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Progress in HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: A Review of their Chemical Structure Diversity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:595-628. [PMID: 28243261 PMCID: PMC5316242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) enzyme, one of the three main enzymes of HIV-1, catalyzed the insertion of the viral DNA into the genome of host cells. Because of the lack of its homologue in human cells and its essential role in HIV-1 replication, IN inhibition represents an attractive therapeutic target for HIV-1 treatment. Since identification of IN as a promising therapeutic target, a major progress has been made, which has facilitated and led to the approval of three drugs. This review focused on the structural features of the most important IN inhibitors and categorized them structurally in 10 scaffolds. We also briefly discussed the structural and functional properties of HIV-1 IN and binding modes of IN inhibitors. The SAR analysis of the known IN inhibitors provides some useful clues to the possible future discovery of novel IN inhibitors.
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Oliaie SS, Safakish M, Roudsari RV, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Hajimahdi Z, Zarghi A. Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Hydroxyacetophenone Derivatives as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. Curr HIV Res 2023; 21:290-300. [PMID: 37990893 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x261377231107110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistence of HIV mutations and the existence of multidrug resistance have produced an opportunity for an array of innovative anti-HIV medicines with a variety of structures that target HIV key enzymes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to find a new class of anti-HIV drugs founded on HIV integrase inhibitor pharmacophores. METHODS A novel class of 2-hydroxy acetophenone analogs featuring substituted benzamide or N-phenylthiourea groups was designed and synthesized based on the general pharmacophore of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors (INs). RESULTS Most of the synthesized analogs were found to be moderately active against the virus, with EC50 values ranging from 40 to 140 μM. Additionally, it was found that most of the compounds presented no considerable cytotoxicity (CC50 > 500 μΜ). The most potent compounds substituting with 4-fluorobenzamide (compound 7) and 4-methylbenzamide (compound 9) rings inhibited the HIV-1 replication by EC50 values of 40 and 45 μΜ, respectively. Docking studies using the crystallographic data available for PFV IN indicated that the Mg2+ coordination might be the possible mechanism of the anti-viral activity. CONCLUSION Our findings proved that the synthesized analogs may suggest a very good basis for the development of new anti-HIV-1 agents.
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Hajimahdi Z, Safizadeh F, Zarghi A. QSAR Analysis for Some 1, 2-Benzisothiazol-3-one Derivatives as Caspase-3 Inhibitors by Stepwise MLR Method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:439-48. [PMID: 27642314 PMCID: PMC5018271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3 inhibitory activities of some 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives were modeled by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) using stepwise-multiple linear regression (SW-MLR) method. The built model was robust and predictive with correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.91 and 0.59 for training and test groups, respectively. The quality of the model was evaluated by leave-one out (LOO) cross validation (LOO correlation coefficient, Q(2)) of 0.80). The results indicate that the descriptors related to the electronegativity, the atomic masses, the atomic van der Waals volumes and R--CX--R Atom-centered fragments play a more significant role in caspase-3 inhibitory activity.
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Akbari S, Zebardast T, Zarghi A, Hajimahdi Z. QSAR Modeling of COX -2 Inhibitory Activity of Some Dihydropyridine and Hydroquinoline Derivatives Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:525-532. [PMID: 28979307 PMCID: PMC5603861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COX-2 inhibitory activities of some 1,4-dihydropyridine and 5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline derivatives were modeled by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) using stepwise-multiple linear regression (SW-MLR) method. The built model was robust and predictive with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.972 and 0.531 for training and test groups, respectively. The quality of the model was evaluated by leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation (LOO correlation coefficient (Q2) of 0.943) and Y-randomization. We also employed a leverage approach for the defining of applicability domain of model. Based on QSAR models results, COX-2 inhibitory activity of selected data set had correlation with BEHm6 (highest eigenvalue n. 6 of Burden matrix/weighted by atomic masses), Mor03u (signal 03/unweighted) and IVDE (Mean information content on the vertex degree equality) descriptors which derived from their structures.
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