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Leung HH, Perdomo J, Ahmadi Z, Chong BH. Determination of Antibody Activity by Platelet Aggregation. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4804. [PMID: 37719068 PMCID: PMC10501912 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in hemostasis by forming clots and stopping bleeding. In immune thrombotic conditions, platelets and leukocytes are aberrantly activated by pathogenic antibodies resulting in platelet aggregates and NETosis, leading to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. A simple assay that assesses platelet function and antibody activity is light transmission aggregometry. This assay can be used to determine antibody activity in patients with disorders such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Briefly, for detection of pathogenic antibody, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is treated with a specific agent (e.g., patient sera or purified patient antibodies) with constant stirring. Upon activation, platelets undergo a shape change and adhere to each other forming aggregates. This causes a reduction in opacity allowing more light to pass through PRP. Light transmission through the cuvette is proportional to the degree of platelet aggregation and is measured by the photocell over time. The advantage of this protocol is that it is a simple, reliable assay that can be applied to assess antibody activity in thrombotic conditions. Light transmission aggregometry does not require the use of radioactive reagents and is technically less demanding compared with 14C-serotonin release assay, another common assay for detecting antibody activity. Key features • This protocol can be used to assess platelet function and to detect platelet activating antibodies in diseases such as HIT and VITT. • Does not require radioactive reagents, requires an aggregometer; based on the light transmission aggregometry protocol, adapted for detection of VITT and other platelet-activating antibodies. • Two positive controls are required for reliable detection of antibodies in diseases such as HIT/VITT, namely a weak HIT/VITT antibody and a physiological agonist. • For detection of HIT/VITT antibodies, it is essential to use donors known to have platelets reactive to these antibodies to avoid false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina H.L. Leung
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beng H. Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Leung HHL, Perdomo J, Ahmadi Z, Zheng SS, Rashid FN, Enjeti A, Ting SB, Chong JJH, Chong BH. NETosis and thrombosis in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5206. [PMID: 36064843 PMCID: PMC9441824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare yet serious adverse effect of the adenoviral vector vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) against COVID-19. The mechanisms involved in clot formation and thrombocytopenia in VITT are yet to be fully determined. Here we show neutrophils undergoing NETosis and confirm expression markers of NETs in VITT patients. VITT antibodies directly stimulate neutrophils to release NETs and induce thrombus formation containing abundant platelets, neutrophils, fibrin, extracellular DNA and citrullinated histone H3 in a flow microfluidics system and in vivo. Inhibition of NETosis prevents VITT-induced thrombosis in mice but not thrombocytopenia. In contrast, in vivo blockage of FcγRIIa abrogates both thrombosis and thrombocytopenia suggesting these are distinct processes. Our findings indicate that anti-PF4 antibodies activate blood cells via FcγRIIa and are responsible for thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in VITT. Future development of NETosis and FcγRIIa inhibitors are needed to treat VITT and similar immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia conditions more effectively, leading to better patient outcomes. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) remain unclear. Here the authors show that anti-PF4 antibodies are responsible for the activation of platelets and neutrophils, and blockage of FcγRIIa or NETosis in vivo can prevent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina H L Leung
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiying S Zheng
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fairooj N Rashid
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anoop Enjeti
- Calvary Mater Hospital, Wallsend, NSW, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Department of Haematology, Eastern Health and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beng H Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, St George and Sutherland Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Jena H, Ahmadi Z, Kumar P, Dhawan G. Bioreducible polyethylenimine core-shell nanostructures as efficient and non-toxic gene and drug delivery vectors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116886. [PMID: 35749840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine (LMW bPEIs 1.8 kDa) have received considerable attention for the fabrication of nucleic acid carriers due to their biocompatible and non-toxic nature. However, due to the inadequate nucleic acid complexation ability and transportation across the cell membrane, these show poor transfection efficacy, limiting their clinical applications. Therefore, to overcome these challenges, in this study, we have grafted bPEI 1.8 kDa with a disulfide bond containing hydrophobic moiety, 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionic acid (PDPA), via amide linkages through EDC/NHS-mediated coupling to obtain N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)] propionoyl polyethylenimine (PDPP) conjugates. The best formulation for nucleic acid transfection was evaluated after preparing a series of PDPP conjugates by varying the amount of PDPA. In an aqueous environment, these PDPP conjugates self-assembled to form spherical shaped core-shell PDPP nanostructures with size ranging from ∼188-307 nm and zeta-potential from ∼ +3 to +19 mV. The positively charged surface of the core-shell nanocomposites helps in the binding of plasmid DNA (pDNA), its transportation inside the cell, and protection against enzymes. Evaluation of PDPP/pDNA complexes on mammalian cells revealed that all these complexes showed significantly improved transfection efficacy without hampering cytocompatibility. Amongst all, the pDNA complex of PDPP-2 exhibited the best transfection efficiency (i.e. >6-fold) in comparison to pDNA complex of the native bPEI. The nanocomposites exhibited the redox responsive behavior advantageous for therapeutic delivery to the tumor cells. The core of the nanostructures facilitate the encapsulation of a hydrophobic model drug, ornidazole. In vitro drug release analysis showed a faster release rate in response to a reductant mimicking the cellular environment. Altogether, these nanostructures have great potential to co-deliver both drug and gene simultaneously in response to tumor cell reductive microenvironment in vitro and could be used as the next-generation delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jena
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Z Ahmadi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - P Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - G Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India; Delhi School of Skill Enhancement & Entrepreneuship Development, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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Zheng SS, Ahmadi Z, Leung HHL, Wong R, Yan F, Perdomo JS, Chong BH. Antiplatelet antibody predicts platelet desialylation and apoptosis in immune thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2022; 107:2195-2205. [PMID: 35199503 PMCID: PMC9425302 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder caused by dysregulated B- and T- cell functions, which lead to platelet destruction. A well-recognized mechanism of ITP pathogenesis involves anti-platelet and anti-megakaryocyte antibodies recognizing membrane glycoprotein (GP) complexes, mainly GPIb/IX and GPIIb/IIIa. In addition to the current view of phagocytosis of the opsonised platelets by splenic and hepatic macrophages via their Fc γ receptors, antibody-induced platelet desialylation and apoptosis have also been reported to contribute to ITP pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the relationship between the specific thrombocytopenic mechanisms and various types of anti-platelet antibodies has not been established. In order to ascertain such association, we used sera from 61 ITP patients and assessed the capacity of anti-platelet antibodies to induce neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) surface expression, RCA-1 lectin binding and loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential on donors’ platelets. Sera from ITP patients with detectable antibodies caused significant platelet desialylation and apoptosis. Anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies appeared more capable of causing NEU1 surface translocation while anti-GPIb/IX complex antibodies resulted in a higher degree of platelet apoptosis. In ITP patients with anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, both desialylation and apoptosis were dependent on FcγRIIa signaling rather than platelet activation. Finally, we confirmed in a murine model of ITP that destruction of human platelets induced by anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies can be prevented with the NEU1 inhibitor oseltamivir. A collaborative clinical trial is warranted to investigate the utility of oseltamivir in the treatment of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Silvia Zheng
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Haematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales.
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Halina Hoi Laam Leung
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Rose Wong
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Haematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales
| | - Feng Yan
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Haematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales
| | - Jose Sail Perdomo
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Beng Hock Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Haematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales
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Pouplard C, Rollin J, Vayne C, Charuel N, Ahmadi Z, Alberio L, Azjenberg N, Althaus K, Bakchoul T, Chong B, Curtis BR, Faille D, Gomez FJ, Gresele P, Morel-Kopp MC, Mullier F, Nazy I, Smith JW, Greinacher A, Gruel Y. Multicentre evaluation of 5B9, a monoclonal anti-PF4/heparin IgG mimicking human HIT antibodies, as an internal quality control in HIT functional assays: Communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Platelet Immunology. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:252-259. [PMID: 34657390 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional tests for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) exhibit variable performance. OBJECTIVES We evaluated in a multicenter study whether 5B9, a monoclonal anti-PF4/heparin IgG mimicking human HIT antibodies, could be used as an internal quality control. METHODS 5B9 was sent to 11 laboratories in seven countries, and six initial concentrations ranging from 10 to 400 μg/mL were tested by heparin-induced platelet activation assay (HIPA), serotonin release assay (SRA), platelet aggregation test (PAT), flow cytometry (FC), or heparin-induced multiple-electrode aggregometry (HIMEA). Each method was evaluated in three different laboratories using experimental procedures identical to those usually applied for the diagnosis of HIT by testing platelets from 10 different healthy donors. RESULTS The procedures used varied among the laboratories, particularly when platelet-rich plasma and whole blood were used. Nevertheless, positive results were obtained with at least 100 μg/ml of 5B9 for most donors tested by all centers (except one) performing HIPA, SRA, or HIMEA. FC and PAT results were more heterogeneous. FC results from one center that used washed platelets preincubated with PF4 were positive with all donors at 50 µg/ml 5B9, but at least 200 μg/ml of 5B9 were required to activate cells with most donors tested using PAT. CONCLUSION This study confirms that HIT functional tests are not well standardized and exhibit variable sensitivity for the detection of platelet-activating antibodies. However, 5B9 is a potentially useful tool to standardize functional tests, to select responding platelet donors, and consequently to improve the performance of these assays and comparability between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pouplard
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Rollin
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Vayne
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Noémie Charuel
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Azjenberg
- University of Paris, INSERM U1148 LVTS, Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karina Althaus
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tubingen, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tubingen, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Beng Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian R Curtis
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dorothée Faille
- University of Paris, INSERM U1148 LVTS, Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Francisco-Javier Gomez
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Hematology Laboratory, Namur Research for Life Sciences, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Izhac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James W Smith
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut fuer Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yves Gruel
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
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Krilis M, Qi M, Ioannou Y, Zhang JY, Ahmadi Z, Wong JWH, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Moutsopoulos HM, Koike T, Sturgess AD, Chong BH, Krilis SA, Giannakopoulos B. Clinical relevance of nitrated beta 2-glycoprotein I in antiphospholipid syndrome: Implications for thrombosis risk. J Autoimmun 2021; 122:102675. [PMID: 34098405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Β2-Glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is an important anti-thrombotic protein and is the major auto-antigen in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The clinical relevance of nitrosative stress in post translational modification of β2GPI was examined.The effects of nitrated (n)β2GPI on its anti-thrombotic properties and its plasma levels in primary and secondary APS were determined with appropriate clinical control groups. β2-glycoprotein I was nitrated at tyrosines 218, 275 and 309. β2-glycoprotein I binds to lipid peroxidation modified products through Domains IV and V. Nitrated β2GPI loses this binding (p < 0.05) and had diminished activity in inhibiting platelet adhesion to vWF under high shear flow (p < 0.01). Levels of nβ2GPI were increased in patients with primary APS compared to patients with either secondary APS (p < 0.05), autoimmune disease without APS (p < 0.05) or non-autoimmune patients with arterial thrombosis (p < 0.01) and healthy individuals (p < 0.05).In conclusion tyrosine nitration of plasma β2GPI is demonstrated and has important implications with regards to the pathophysiology of platelet mediated thrombosis in APS. Elevated plasma levels of nβ2GPI in primary APS may be a risk factor for thrombosis warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krilis
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George Hospital and Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - M Qi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George Hospital and Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Y Ioannou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George Hospital and Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, UK.
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George Hospital and Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Z Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - J W H Wong
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - P G Vlachoyiannopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - H M Moutsopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - T Koike
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - A D Sturgess
- Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - B H Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - S A Krilis
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George Hospital and Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - B Giannakopoulos
- Department of Infectious Disease, Immunology and Sexual Health, St George Hospital and Department of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Chaudhary P, Lu H, Lipatov A, Ahmadi Z, McConville JPV, Sokolov A, Shield JE, Sinitskii A, Gregg JM, Gruverman A. Low-Voltage Domain-Wall LiNbO 3 Memristors. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5873-5878. [PMID: 32574058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of conducting ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) as functional elements may facilitate development of conceptually new resistive switching devices. In a conventional approach, several orders of magnitude change in resistance can be achieved by controlling the DW density using supercoercive voltage. However, a deleterious characteristic of this approach is high-energy cost of polarization reversal due to high leakage current. Here, we demonstrate a new approach based on tuning the conductivity of DWs themselves rather than on domain rearrangement. Using LiNbO3 capacitors with graphene, we show that resistance of a device set to a polydomain state can be continuously tuned by application of subcoercive voltage. The tuning mechanism is based on the reversible transition between the conducting and insulating states of DWs. The developed approach allows an energy-efficient control of resistance without the need for domain structure modification. The developed memristive devices are promising for multilevel memories and neuromorphic computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chaudhary
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - H Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - A Lipatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Z Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - J P V McConville
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
| | - A Sokolov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - J E Shield
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - A Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - J M Gregg
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
| | - A Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Perdomo J, Leung HHL, Ahmadi Z, Yan F, Chong JJH, Passam FH, Chong BH. Neutrophil activation and NETosis are the major drivers of thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1322. [PMID: 30899022 PMCID: PMC6428879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT) is a serious immune reaction to heparins, characterized by thrombocytopenia and often severe thrombosis with high morbidity and mortality. HIT is mediated by IgG antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 antigenic complexes. These complexes are thought to activate platelets leading to thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Here we show that HIT immune complexes induce NETosis via interaction with FcγRIIa on neutrophils and through neutrophil-platelet association. HIT immune complexes induce formation of thrombi containing neutrophils, extracellular DNA, citrullinated histone H3 and platelets in a microfluidics system and in vivo, while neutrophil depletion abolishes thrombus formation. Absence of PAD4 or PAD4 inhibition with GSK484 abrogates thrombus formation but not thrombocytopenia, suggesting they are induced by separate mechanisms. NETs markers and neutrophils undergoing NETosis are present in HIT patients. Our findings demonstrating the involvement of NETosis in thrombosis will modify the current concept of HIT pathogenesis and may lead to new therapeutic strategies. The pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HIT) is mediated by heparin-reactive autoantibodies binding to platelets (thrombocytes). Here the authors show neutrophil activation and NETosis are elevated in patients with HIT, and are essential for thrombosis in HIT mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Perdomo
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Halina H L Leung
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Feng Yan
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Freda H Passam
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beng H Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,New South Wales Health Pathology, St George and Sutherland Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Ali OH, Sacchi R, Ahmadi Z, Attili A, Cartiglia N, Donetti M, Fausti F, Ferrero M, Giordanengo S, Mandurrino M, Manganaro L, Mazza G, Monaco V, Sola V, Staiano A, Vignati A, Cirio R. 352. Innovative thin silicon detectors for beam monitoring in particle therapy. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yadav S, Mahato M, Jha D, Ahmadi Z, Gautam H, Sharma A. Enhanced antibacterial activity of tetramethylguanidinium-conjugated linear polyethylenimine polymers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1393679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yadav
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - M. Mahato
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - D. Jha
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Z. Ahmadi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - H.K. Gautam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - A.K. Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Ahmadi Z, Jha D, Kumar B, Gautam HK, Kumar P. Bifunctionally engineered polyethylenimines as efficient DNA carriers and antibacterials against resistant pathogens. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:363-379. [PMID: 30103671 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218792139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have designed and developed two series of bifunctional conjugates by tethering polyethylenimine with streptomycin. By varying the amount of streptomycin, conjugates, polyethylenimine-streptomycin, have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Gel electrophoresis assay revealed a slight decrease in the cationic charge density on the conjugates as these retarded the mobility of pDNA at higher w/w ratios. Further, transfection studies showed that both the series of conjugates transfected the mammalian cells efficiently with low-molecular weight polyethylenimine-streptomycin conjugates were more competent (∼9-fold enhancement with respect to native bPEI) exhibiting high cell viability too. Besides, both the series of conjugates displayed excellent antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria, even better than native streptomycin on resistant strains. Altogether, these results ensure the promising potential of the projected bifunctional conjugates as safe and efficient gene delivery vectors as well as antibacterials for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmadi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - D Jha
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - B Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - H K Gautam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Lee KH, Cavanaugh L, Leung H, Yan F, Ahmadi Z, Chong BH, Passam F. Quantification of NETs-associated markers by flow cytometry and serum assays in patients with thrombosis and sepsis. Int J Lab Hematol 2018. [PMID: 29520957 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibres produced from neutrophil DNA with a pathogenic role in infection, thrombosis and other conditions. Reliable assays for measuring NETs are desirable as novel treatments targeting NETs are being explored for the treatment of these conditions. We compare a whole blood flow cytometry method with serum assays to measure NETs-associated markers in patients with sepsis and thrombosis. METHODS Patients with deep venous thrombosis (n = 25), sepsis (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 23) were included in the study. Neutrophil surface NETs markers were determined by flow cytometry on whole blood samples by gating of neutrophils stained for surface citrullinated histone (H3cit) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Serum double-stranded (ds) DNA, MPO, myeloid-related protein, nucleosomes, DNAse, elastase, human high-mobility group box 1 and MPO-DNA complexes were quantified as circulating markers of NETs. RESULTS Neutrophil NETs markers by flow cytometry and serum NETs markers were significantly higher in patients with thrombosis and sepsis compared with healthy controls. Neutrophil NETs markers significantly correlated with the serum marker dsDNA. CONCLUSION Flow cytometry detection of neutrophil NETs markers is feasible in whole blood and correlates with serum markers of NETs. We propose the flow cytometry detection of MPO/H3cit positive neutrophils and serum dsDNA as simple methods to quantify cellular and extracellular NET markers in patients with thrombosis and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Department of Haematology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - L Cavanaugh
- Department of Haematology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - H Leung
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - F Yan
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Z Ahmadi
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - B H Chong
- Department of Haematology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - F Passam
- Department of Haematology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
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Chitsaz H, Akrami R, Ahmadi Z. Effects of mushroom (Lentinula edodes) extract on growth performance, immune response and hemato-biochemical parameters of great sturgeon juvenile (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijaah.4.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Ahmadi Z, Perdomo J, Wong R, Chong BH. Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia: Mapping of the drug binding site to the membrane-proximal region of platelet GPIX. Platelets 2017; 30:251-255. [PMID: 29286872 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1419556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced Immune thrombocytopenia (DIT) is a common complication of several medications, including commonly used antibiotics. The most widely studied DIT is caused by quinine. In DIT, antibodies predominantly bind to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IX in a drug-dependent fashion resulting in increased platelet clearance. Binding of the sensitizing drug, such as quinine, to GPIX has been proposed but is yet to be established. This work demonstrates that quinine is retained specifically by human GPIX. Quinine binding was first analyzed in wild-type mouse platelets and in transgenic mouse platelet expressing human GPIX using high performance liquid chromatography. Binding of quinine to GPIX was then measured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing a combination of wild type, human or mouse, three human/mouse chimeric constructs and six mutant GPIX proteins. Quinine was retained by human GPIX. No detectable absorption was observed with mouse GPIX or human GPIbα. The quinine binding site was mapped to residues 110-115 of human GPIX suggesting that quinine interacts with specific residues of the GP. These findings provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of DIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Ahmadi
- b Haematology Department , St George Hospital , Kogarah , NSW , Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- a Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School , University of New South Wales, Research and Education Centre , Kogarah , NSW , Australia
| | - Rose Wong
- b Haematology Department , St George Hospital , Kogarah , NSW , Australia
| | - Beng H Chong
- a Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School , University of New South Wales, Research and Education Centre , Kogarah , NSW , Australia.,b Haematology Department , St George Hospital , Kogarah , NSW , Australia
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Tripathi SK, Ahmadi Z, Gupta KC, Kumar P. Corrigendum to "Polyethylenimine-polyacrylic acid nanocomposites: Type of bonding does influence the gene transfer efficacy and cytotoxicity" [Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 140 (2016) 117-20]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:1. [PMID: 28189036 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Tripathi
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Z Ahmadi
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - K C Gupta
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - P Kumar
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Hashemi-Beni B, Ahmadi Z. Effects of RF-EMF Exposure from GSM Mobile Phones on Proliferation Rate of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells: An In-vitro Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:243-252. [PMID: 28144594 PMCID: PMC5219575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the use of mobile phones is increasing, public concern about the harmful effects of radiation emitted by these devices is also growing. In addition, protection questions and biological effects are among growing concerns which have remained largely unanswered. Stem cells are useful models to assess the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on other cell lines. Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. Adipose tissue represents an abundant and accessible source of adult stem cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of GSM 900 MHz on growth and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue within the specific distance and intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS ADSCs were exposed to GSM mobile phones 900 MHz with intensity of 354.6 µW/cm2 square waves (217 Hz pulse frequency, 50% duty cycle), during different exposure times ranging from 6 to 21 min/day for 5 days at 20 cm distance from the antenna. MTT assay was used to determine the growth and metabolism of cells and trypan blue test was also done for cell viability. Statistical analyses were carried out using analysis of one way ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The proliferation rates of human ADSCs in all exposure groups were significantly lower than control groups (P<0.05) except in the group of 6 minutes/day which did not show any significant difference with control groups. CONCLUSION The results show that 900 MHz RF signal radiation from antenna can reduce cell viability and proliferation rates of human ADSCs regarding the duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shahbazi-Gahrouei
- Professor of Medical Physics, Dept. of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - B Hashemi-Beni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Z Ahmadi
- MSc of Medical Physics, Dept. of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hosseini SM, Ahmadi Z, Nemati M, Parvizian F, Madaeni SS. Electrodialysis heterogeneous ion exchange membranes modified by SiO2 nanoparticles: fabrication and electrochemical characterization. Water Sci Technol 2016; 73:2074-2084. [PMID: 27148708 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current study mixed matrix heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by solution casting technique. The effect of SiO(2) nanoparticles in the polymeric solution on the physicochemical properties of prepared membranes was studied. Scanning optical microscope images showed uniform particle distribution and relatively uniform surfaces for the prepared membranes. The membrane water content was reduced by silica nanoparticles in the membranes' matrix. The membrane ion exchange capacity, membrane potential, transport number and selectivity were improved initially by an increase of SiO(2) nanoparticles concentration up to 1%wt in prepared membranes and then showed a decreasing trend with a further increase in additive ratio from 1 to 4%wt. The ionic permeability and flux were also decreased initially by an increase of silica nanoparticles concentration up to 0.5%wt in the membrane matrix and then increased again with a further increase in nanoparticles concentration from 0.5 to 4%wt. Moreover, the results exhibited that using silica nanoparticles in the membrane matrix caused an obvious decrease in areal electrical resistance. The opposite trend was found for membrane mechanical strength using SiO(2) nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran E-mail: ;
| | - Z Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran E-mail: ;
| | - M Nemati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran E-mail: ;
| | - F Parvizian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran E-mail: ;
| | - S S Madaeni
- Membrane Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149, Iran
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Boonyawat K, Angchaisuksiri P, Aryurachai K, Chaiyaroj S, Ahmadi Z, Chong BH. Low prevalence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after cardiac surgery in Thai patients. Thromb Res 2014; 134:957-62. [PMID: 25204999 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heparin induced-thrombocytopenia (HIT) has been well recognized in Western countries. However, there are no data in the Thai population. We therefore investigated the prevalence of anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies, HIT, and its thrombotic complications in Thai patients undergoing cardiac surgery using unfractionated heparin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples before operation and week 1, week 2, and week 3 after operation were collected from each patient for HIT antibody screening by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using IgG antibody specific to the PF4/heparin complex. Positive samples were further analyzed by (14)C-serotonin release assay. Complete blood count was performed daily during the first week, then weekly for 3 weeks. RESULTS No patient had detectable anti-PF4/heparin antibodies at baseline. Five patients sero-converted during the course of the study for anti-PF4/heparin IgG: 3 (4.1%) at week 1, 4 (5.5%) at week 2, and 5 (6.8%) at week 3 after surgery. However, none of these patients had anti-PF4/heparin antibodies that resulted in (14)C-serotonin release to be considered clinically significant antibodies. Post-operative thrombocytopenia after the operation was found in 35 patients (47.9%), but was not considered to be caused by HIT. Thromboembolic events occurred in 3 patients (4.1%) during follow up; however, none of these patients had positive PF4/heparin antibody tests. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first study to examine Thai patients exposed to heparin in the context of cardiac surgery. We found a lower prevalence of positive anti-PF4/heparin antibodies and clinical HIT than previously published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochawan Boonyawat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pantep Angchaisuksiri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Katcharin Aryurachai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Chaiyaroj
- Department of Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Beng Hock Chong
- Department of Hematology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
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Mostafaiyan M, Saeb M, Ahmadi Z, Khonakdar H, Wagenknecht U, Heinrich G. A numerical study on deformation of Newtonian droplets through converging cylindrical dies. e-Polymers 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2013-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this work, the dynamic deformation of a viscose Newtonian droplet passing through cylindrical converging dies has been studied. The changes in the interfacial area between two immiscible Newtonian fluids have been considered as a variable representing the time-dependent deformation of a circular droplet along converging dies. To do so, a surface tracking method has been incorporated into a finite element code, developed by the authors, which quantifies the deformation of the droplet through the converging path, and where the surface area of the deformed drop has been consequently chosen as a criterion for a two-phase interface. In this study, it has been revealed that by changing both rheological and geometrical parameters it is possible to manage the value of interface area between two phases. Ultimately, a unique curve is developed for each droplet to primary phase viscosity ratio which can correlate drop deformation with geometrical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mostafaiyan
- 1Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O.Box 15875-4411, Tehran, Iran
| | - M.R. Saeb
- 2Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O.Box: 16765-654, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z. Ahmadi
- 3Color and Polymer Research Center (CPRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O.Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - H.A. Khonakdar
- 4Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - U. Wagenknecht
- 5Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Heinrich
- 5Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- 6Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Nasseri M, Aghdami N, Ahmadi H, Moshkani Farahani M, Madani H, Kazemi-Saleh D, Hossein-neghad H, Hosseini S, Hekmat S, Ahmadi Z, Dehghani M, Saadat A, Mardpour S, Hosseini E, Esmaeelzadeh M, Sadeghi M, Bahoosh G, Bassi A, Amin A, Fazeli R, Sharafi Y, Arab L, Movahed M, Ramazanzadeh N, Kohkan A, Hezavee A, Namiri M, Kashfi F, Akhlaghi A, Baharvand H, Vosough A, Gourabi H, Shahverdi A. Phase III randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of autologous bone marrow derived MNC and CD133 cells transplantation in ami patients during CABG. Cytotherapy 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Monjezi M, Ahmadi Z, Varjani AY, Khandelwal M. Backbreak prediction in the Chadormalu iron mine using artificial neural network. Neural Comput Appl 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-012-1038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
According to importance of the safety issues especially in air industry, fire-resisted parts and interiors consumption are increasing. Seat foam has a huge fraction of the airplane interior and this makes it essential to become safer. From another point, planning to phase out some of the halogenated flame retardants because of persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In recent years, halogen-free fire retardants have been more investigated. In this work, we have concentrated more on two well-known, solid, halogen-free fire retardants, expandable graphite and melamine, and compared their performance according to their fire behavior, physical properties, and production phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Bashirzadeh
- Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Ahmadi
- Color and Polymer Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Liang SX, Khachigian LM, Ahmadi Z, Yang M, Liu S, Chong BH. In vitro and in vivo proliferation, differentiation and migration of cardiac endothelial progenitor cells (SCA1+/CD31+ side-population cells). J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1628-37. [PMID: 21615679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Side-population (SP) cells are a select population identified by a capacity to efflux Hoechst dye and are enriched for stem/progenitor cell activity. Previous studies suggested that cardiac SP (CSP) cells could be divided into SCA1(+)/CD31(-) and SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells. SCA1(+)/CD31(-) CSP cells have been shown to be cardiac stem/progenitor cells. However, SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells have not been fully characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to characterize SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells in the adult mouse heart, and investigate their abilities to proliferate, differentiate, vascularize and migrate in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), RT-PCR, and assays of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI), we showed that SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells express stem cell and endothelial-specific genes, and reside in the blood vessels. These cells were able to proliferate, differentiate, migrate and vascularize in vitro and in vivo. After MI, SDF-1α and CXCR4 were up-regulated in the damaged myocardium and on SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells, respectively. Our results further showed that SDF-1α induced migration of these cells in vitro. Importantly, we found that SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells could migrate into the ischemic region from the non-ischemic area within the myocardium and form a vascular tube-like structure after MI. CONCLUSIONS Based on the gene expression profile, localization of SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells, and their ability to proliferate, differentiate, migrate and vascularize in vitro and in vivo, we postulate that SCA1(+)/CD31(+) CSP cells may represent endothelial progenitor cells in the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Liang
- Center for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Nourozi A, Talebi H, Fateh S, Mohammadzadeh A, Eghtesadi-Araghi P, Ahmadi Z, Savarabadi A, Mohebbi A. Effect of adding ketamine to pethidine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal operations: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 13:1214-8. [PMID: 21313903 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2010.1214.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of adding ketamine to pethidine in reducing post-operative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal operations, in a double blind randomized controlled trial, 100 patients aged 15-60 years who were candidate for elective major abdominal surgery allocated into two groups of pethidine + ketamine group (5 mg pethidine and 0.25 mg kg(-1) ketamine) or pethidine and placebo group (10 mg pethidine and NS) according to the regimen prescribed in postanesthesia care unit. Severity of pain (using visual analogue scale), prescribed dose of pethidine and side effects were recorded until 24 h after operation. Regarding post-operative pain, pethidine + ketamine group showed significant lower scores in all the times except 0 min, 2, 6 and 16 h. Nausea was significantly less frequent amongst pethidine + placebo group at times of 0, 15, 30 and 45 min (p < 0.05). Comparison of two groups did not show significant differences in prescribed pethedine dose in 0, 9, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h (p > 0.05). Yet, the mean dose of administered pethidine as rescue analgesic was significant lower in pethidine + ketamine group compared to pethidine + placebo group (112 +/- 31.5 mg vs. 133.5 +/- 24.5 mg, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results showed that co-administration of ketamine and pethidine in postanesthesia care unit will improve postoperative pain and reduce narcotic consumption. It may, however, increase rate of postoperative nausea in the first hour after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nourozi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Safavi M, Parsania Z, Azizzadeh F, Ahmadi Z. The surveillance of mental health and the strategies that families of the patients with seizure need to cope with stresses. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSeizure is a common disease happening in all countries that surely affects life style of patient and his/her family; such patient needs helps of others to obviate his/her needs and delayed help leads to mental health impairment of the patient and his/her family.Method & materialsThis was a descriptive-correlative study in which 150 ones of patients families were selected via the systematic sampling method.We used three kinds of questionnaires to gather data including personal information questionnaire, General health questionnaire and Carver-Scheier-Veintrab’s questionnaire of stress coping Strategies.FindingsThe results showed that 56.7% of investigated units had inappropriate state of mental health and 92% used moderate-level guidelines to cope with stresses.The majority of family members of the patients with seizure (93.8%) had moderate level of mental health and similarly used moderate-level stress coping strategies(P = 0.000, S = 0.3).ConclusionThe findings of this study can result in a new plan to elevate the mental health level and also can train families of the patients with seizure and other chronic diseases how to cope with stresses.
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Parsania Z, Safavi M, Ahmadi Z. P02-113 - Mental health and coping strategies in families caring for patient with epilepsy in Iran. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia is a common complication of therapy with a large number of drugs. The most widely studied drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DIT) is caused by quinine. In most cases of DIT, antibodies bind to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex in a drug-dependent fashion and bring about increased platelet clearance by the reticuloendothelial system resulting in thrombocytopenia. Here, we report the characterization of the quinine-dependent antibody activity of sera from 13 patients with quinine-induced thrombocytopenia. In our series of patients, GPIX was the most prevalent target of quinine-dependent antibodies. To identify the structural determinants of GPIX recognized by quinine-dependent antibodies, 4 chimeric mouse/human GPIX constructs and stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that expressed the chimeras in association with GPIbalpha and GPIbbeta were produced. The analysis of 6 patient sera with the chimeric cell lines provided evidence for localization of the anti-GPIX quinine-dependent antibody binding site to the C-ext region (amino acid [aa] 64-135) of human GPIX. Further characterization of the C-ext region of the GPIX indicated that replacement of the Arg110 and Gln115 of the human GPIX with the corresponding residues from mouse (Gln and Glu, respectively) resulted in a significant reduction in the binding of GPIX antibodies in our series of patients, with Arg110Gln, giving a more pronounced effect than Gln115Glu. Hence, these 2 residues, particularly Arg110, play an important role in the structure of the antigenic site on GPIX recognized by anti-GPIX antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Asvadi
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, Level 2, Pitney Bldg, St George Hospital, Short St, Kogarah, NSW 2177, Australia
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