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Huang Z, Tan Y, Zhong Z, Zhang S, Guo L, Wang Y. Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Dovetail Profiled Steel Concrete Composite Shear Walls with Self-Tapping Screw Connections. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 18:49. [PMID: 39795694 DOI: 10.3390/ma18010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
To achieve the assembled connection between dovetail profiled steel sheets and the boundary members in dovetail profiled steel concrete composite shear walls (DPSCWs), self-tapping screws were employed. Three DPSCW specimens connected with self-tapping screws were tested under combined axial and cyclic lateral loads to evaluate their hysteretic response, focusing on the influence of the number of self-tapping screws and the axial compression ratio. The self-tapping screw-connected DPSCWs exhibited a mixed failure mode, characterized by shear failure of the profiled steel sheets and compression-bending failure of multiple wall limbs divided by ribs on the web concrete. Except for slight deformation at the screw holes located on the profiled sheets at the corners of the wall, the connections exhibited minimal visible damage. The yield drift ratio of the DPSCW specimens in the test ranged from 1/286 to 1/225, and the ultimate drift ratio ranged from 1/63 to 1/94, both meeting the relevant deformation standards specified in the "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. Increasing the number of self-tapping screws enhanced the development of local tensile fields on the profiled steel sheets, thereby improving the wall's load-carrying, deformation, and energy dissipation capacities. However, increasing the axial compression ratio improved the initial stiffness of DPSCWs but reduced their load bearing and deformation capacity. Moreover, a design method for the self-tapping screw connections in DPSCWs was proposed.
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Zhao R, Zhang J, Li M, Loban E, Nicolas S, Martiland E, Wang W. Primary care physicians' work conditions and their confidence in managing multimorbidity: a quantitative analysis using Job Demands-Resources Model. Fam Pract 2024; 41:977-984. [PMID: 37851711 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is a global issue that presents complex challenges for physicians, patients, and health systems. However, there is a lack of research on the factors that influence physicians' confidence in managing multimorbidity within primary care settings, particularly regarding physicians' work conditions. OBJECTIVES Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources Model, this study aims to investigate the level of confidence among Chinese primary care physicians in managing multimorbidity and examine the predictors related to their confidence. METHODS Data were collected from 224 physicians working in 38 Community Healthcare Centres (CHCs) in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin, and Jinan, China. Work-family conflict (WFC) perceived organizational support (POS), self-directed learning (SDL), and burnout were measured. Physicians' confidence was assessed using a single item. Mediation effect analysis was conducted using the Baron and Kenny method. RESULTS The results showed that the mean confidence score for physicians managing multimorbidity was 3.63 out of 5, only 20.10% rating their confidence level as 5. WFC negatively related physicians' confidence and POS positively related physicians' confidence in multimorbid diagnosis and treatment. Burnout fully mediated the relationship between WFC and physicians' confidence, and SDL partially mediated the relationship between POS and physicians' confidence. CONCLUSIONS The confidence level of Chinese primary care physicians in managing multimorbidity needs improvement. To enhance physicians' confidence in managing multimorbid patients, CHCs in China should address WFC and burnout and promote POS and SDL.
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Huang R, Zhang C, Xiang Z, Lin T, Ling J, Hu H. Role of mitochondria in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. FEBS J 2024; 291:5365-5378. [PMID: 38567754 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has a high morbidity and mortality, representing a worldwide problem. The kidney is an essential organ of metabolism that has high blood perfusion and is the second most mitochondria-rich organ after the heart because of the high ATP demands of its essential functions of nutrient reabsorption, acid-base and electrolyte balance, and hemodynamics. Thus, these energy-intensive cells are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. As the bulk of glomerular ultrafiltrate reabsorption by proximal tubules occurs via active transport, the mitochondria of proximal tubules must be equipped for detecting and responding to fluctuations in energy availability to guarantee efficient basal metabolism. Any insults to mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may lead to biological disruption, blocking the clearance of damaged mitochondria and resulting in morphological change and tissue dysfunction. Extensive research has shown that mitochondria have pivotal roles in acute kidney disease, so in this article, we discuss the role of mitochondria, their dynamics and mitophagy in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Zhu H, Xu L, Li J, He D, Wang J. A Mini Review of Advances in Porous Materials Designing for Hydrogen Isotope Separation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:5708. [PMID: 39685143 DOI: 10.3390/ma17235708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
The separation of mixtures of hydrogen isotopes is one of the greatest challenges of modern separation technology. A newly proposed separation mechanism, the quantum sieving (QS) effect, is expected to achieve high separation factors, the main desired properties for hydrogen isotope separation (HIS). Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolites are excellent candidates to study these quantum effects because of their well-defined and tunable pore structure and the potential to introduce strong adsorption sites directly into the framework structure. This paper briefly discusses the fundamentals of QS of hydrogen isotopes in nanoporous materials, mainly including kinetic quantum sieving (KQS) and chemical affinity quantum sieving (CAQS). Recent experimental advances in the separation of hydrogen isotopes from MOFs and zeolites are highlighted.
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Huang JS, Gao C, Xiao WQ, Zhang XY, Zhong XW, Qin YQ, Lu MS, Zhang CH, Yang K, Liang JM, Wang CC, Ma RCW, He JR, Qiu X. Association of childhood obesity with pubertal development in boys: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024:e13869. [PMID: 39567861 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity leads to early puberty development in girls, but its effect in boys remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the association between childhood obesity and puberty development in boys. We included 14 cohort studies with 114,822 boys. Meta-analysis showed that childhood overweight (RR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.08-1.93; the number of studies [N] = 4) and obesity (RR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.11-1.64; N = 5) were associated with the earlier occurrence of testicular volume ≥4 mL (Tanner stage 2). Age reaching Tanner stage 2 in overweight boys was earlier than normal-weight boys (mean difference: -0.23 years, 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.08; N = 2); a similar trend was observed in obese boys, but the effect estimate did not reach significance level (mean difference: -0.27 years, 95% CI: -0.59 to 0.05; N = 3). Similarly, the age at pubarche in boys with overweight/obesity was earlier than those with normal weight. Qualitative analysis shows first nocturnal emission; change in voice and peak height velocity in boys with overweight/obesity appeared to develop earlier than those with normal weight. These findings suggest overweight/obesity is associated with earlier pubertal development in boys. Due to the limited number of studies identified in this review, further studies are warranted to confirm these associations.
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Yan J, Chen D, Ye Z, Zhu X, Li X, Jiao H, Duan M, Zhang C, Cheng J, Xu L, Li H, Yan D. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance of Tryptophan Metabolism and signaling in cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:241. [PMID: 39472902 PMCID: PMC11523861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism involves three primary pathways: the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP), the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) pathway, and the indole pathway. Under normal physiological conditions, Trp metabolism plays crucial roles in regulating inflammation, immunity, and neuronal function. Key rate-limiting enzymes such as indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), Trp-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), and kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) drive these metabolic processes. Imbalances in Trp metabolism are linked to various cancers and often correlate with poor prognosis and adverse clinical characteristics. Dysregulated Trp metabolism fosters tumor growth and immune evasion primarily by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Activation of the KP results in the production of immunosuppressive metabolites like Kyn, which modulate immune responses and promote oncogenesis mainly through interaction with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Targeting Trp metabolism therapeutically has shown significant potential, especially with the development of small-molecule inhibitors for IDO1, TDO, and other key enzymes. These inhibitors disrupt the immunosuppressive signals within the TME, potentially restoring effective anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, IDO1 inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials, showing the potential to enhance the effects of existing cancer therapies. However, mixed results in later-stage trials underscore the need for a deeper understanding of Trp metabolism and its complex role in cancer. Recent advancements have also explored combining Trp metabolism inhibitors with other treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, to enhance therapeutic efficacy and overcome resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes the current understanding of Trp metabolism and signaling in cancer, detailing the oncogenic mechanisms and clinical significance of dysregulated Trp metabolism. Additionally, it provides insights into the challenges in developing Trp-targeted therapies and future research directions aimed at optimizing these therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes.
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Wang W, Xu T, Nicholas S, Mitchell R, Yang H, Maitland E. Managing the quality of primary health care in urban China: the impact of organizational and physician features. Fam Pract 2024; 41:825-831. [PMID: 38715153 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global health care quality improvement efforts have focussed on management practices. However, knowledge in primary care settings, especially in developing countries, such as China, is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the organizational and physician features associated with health care quality in China's community health centres (CHCs). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 224 primary care physicians (PCPs) in 38 CHCs in Jinan, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Shanghai. Clinical and prevention care quality with a 5-level scale (1 = never, 5 = always) reported by the PCPs were used to measure the quality of care. Two-level hierarchical linear models were estimated to examine the organization and physician-level variables associated with primary care quality. RESULTS The average clinical care quality score was 4.08 and 3.59 for preventative care out of 5. At the organizational level, organizational culture and organizational support were the strongest predictors of physician-reported quality of care. At the physician level, professional fulfilment, psychological safety, and organizational citizenship behaviour were positively associated with care quality. CONCLUSIONS Chinese CHCs clinical quality ranked high by PCPs, but the quality of preventative care provision required improvement. To improve primary care quality, managers of CHCs should implement optimal organizational structures, supportive organizational cultures, and strong organizational support at the organization level and cultivate high professional fulfilment, safe, and trustful relationships with colleagues at the physician level.
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Li Z, Zhang J, Song X. Breeding Maize Hybrids with Improved Drought Tolerance Using Genetic Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10630. [PMID: 39408959 PMCID: PMC11477287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought is considered the main agricultural menace, limiting the successful realization of land potential, and thereby reducing crop productivity worldwide. Therefore, breeding maize hybrids with improved drought tolerance via genetic manipulation is necessary. Herein, the multiple bud clumps of elite inbred maize lines, DH4866, Qi319, Y478 and DH9938, widely used in China, were transformed with the Escherichia coli betA gene encoding choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycine betaine from choline, using Agrobacterium to generate betA transgenic lines. After 3-4 consecutive generations of self-pollination in these transgenic plants, progenies with a uniform appearance, excellent drought tolerance, and useful agricultural traits were obtained. We evaluated the drought tolerance of T4 progenies derived from these transgenic plants in the field under reduced irrigation. We found that a few lines exhibited much higher drought tolerance than the non-transformed control plants. Transgenic plants accumulated higher levels of glycine betaine and were relatively more tolerant to drought stress than the controls at both the germination and early seedling stages. The grain yield of the transgenic plants was significantly higher than that of the control plants after drought treatment. Drought-tolerant inbred lines were mated and crossed to create hybrids, and the drought tolerance of these transgenic hybrids was found to be enhanced under field conditions compared with those of the non-transgenic (control) plants and two other commercial hybrids in China. High yield and drought tolerance were achieved concurrently. These transgenic inbred lines and hybrids were useful in marginal and submarginal lands in semiarid and arid regions. The betA transgene can improve the viability of crops grown in soils with sufficient or insufficient water.
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Chen Q, Wang M, Fu F, Nie L, Miao Q, Zhao L, Liu L, Li B. Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Migraine: A Comprehensive Review. J Pain Res 2024; 17:3031-3046. [PMID: 39308997 PMCID: PMC11416110 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s479575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurological illness that causes a great burden on individuals and society. Many migraine patients seek relief through complementary and alternative therapies, with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often being their preferred choice. Acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, and massage are important components of TCM, and are commonly used in clinical treatment of migraine. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of the three TCM interventions for migraine: acupuncture, herbs, and massage, and how they relieve pain. However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of TCM therapies in treating migraine remain unclear. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress on acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage as TCM approaches for the treatment of migraine. We conducted a comprehensive search of CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases using keywords such as migraine, acupuncture, needle, herbs, herbal, prescription, decoction, massage, Tuina, and TCM, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The literature included in the review was selected based on specified exclusion criteria. We discussed the mechanism of TCM therapies on migraine from the perspective of modern medicine, focusing on changes in inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, and other relevant biomarkers. TCM can relieve migraine by decreasing neuropeptide levels, inhibiting inflammation, modulating neuronal sensitization, changing brain function and structure, changing blood brain barrier permeability, regulating hormone levels, and relieving muscle tension. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for improving the clinical strategies of TCM for the treatment of migraine.
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Hu Y, Wang X, Yue Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Luo Y, Jiang W. Radiomics of multi-parametric MRI for the prediction of lung metastasis in soft-tissue sarcoma: a feasibility study. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 39238054 PMCID: PMC11376009 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the value of multi-parametric MRI-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of lung metastases from soft tissue sarcoma (STS). METHODS In total, 122 patients with clinicopathologically confirmed STS who underwent pretreatment T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1-CE) and T2-weighted fat-suppressed (T2FS) MRI scans were enrolled between Jul. 2017 and Mar. 2021. Radiomics signatures were established by calculating and selecting radiomics features from the two sequences. Clinical independent predictors were evaluated by statistical analysis. The radiomics nomogram was constructed from margin and radiomics features by multivariable logistic regression. Finally, the study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves to evaluate performance of radiomics models. Decision curve analyses (DCA) were performed to evaluate clinical usefulness of the models. RESULTS The margin was considered as an independent predictor (p < 0.05). A total of 4 MRI features were selected and used to develop the radiomics signature. By incorporating the margin and radiomics signature, the developed nomogram showed the best prediction performance in the training (AUCs, margin vs. radiomics signature vs. nomogram, 0.609 vs. 0.909 vs. 0.910) and validation (AUCs, margin vs. radiomics signature vs. nomogram, 0.666 vs. 0.841 vs. 0.894) cohorts. DCA indicated potential usefulness of the nomogram model. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study evaluated predictive values of multi-parametric MRI for the prediction of lung metastasis, and proposed a nomogram model to potentially facilitate the individualized treatment decision-making for STSs.
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Liu L, Chen Q, Lyu T, Zhao L, Miao Q, Liu Y, Nie L, Fu F, Li S, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Peng P, Wang W, Lin Y, Li B. Effect of acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial. QJM 2024; 117:647-656. [PMID: 38710498 PMCID: PMC11537310 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the leading cause of pain and disability among frequently occurring facial pain and the second leading cause of musculoskeletal conditions. AIM We examined whether acupuncture could alleviate pain intensity in patients with TMD. DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty participants with TMD were randomly assigned (ratio 1:1) to receive three acupuncture or sham acupuncture sessions weekly for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the mean weekly pain intensity from baseline to week 4. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included proportion of participants with ≥30% or ≥50% reduction in pain intensity, change in jaw opening and movement, graded chronic pain scale, jaw functional limitations scale-20-item, depression, anxiety and stress scales-21, Pittsburgh sleep quality index at week 4 and 8, and the pressure pain threshold and surface electromyography at week 4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The acupuncture group showed significantly reduced pain intensity compared to the sham group at week 4 (-1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.32 to -0.65; P < 0.001) and week 8 (-1.23, 95% CI: -2.11 to -0.54; P = 0.001). Acupuncture's effectiveness surpassed sham's at 4 weeks and lasted 8 weeks. Participants in the acupuncture group experienced significantly greater improvements in the 30% and 50% response rate, jaw opening and movement, GCPS, JFLS-20, DASS-21 and PSQI than those in the sham acupuncture group. There were no significant between-group differences in PPT and sEMG. In summary, acupuncture provided marked pain relief and improvement in physical and emotional function for patients with TMD compared with sham acupuncture.
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Jiang T, Zhang Y, Zuo G, Luo T, Wang H, Zhang R, Luo Z. Transcription factor PgNAC72 activates DAMMARENEDIOL SYNTHASE expression to promote ginseng saponin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2952-2969. [PMID: 38606940 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents in ginseng (Panax ginseng), possess substantial pharmacological potential and are in high demand in the market. The plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) effectively elicits ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng, though the regulatory mechanism remains largely unexplored. NAC transcription factors are critical in intricate plant regulatory networks and participate in numerous plant physiological activities. In this study, we identified a MeJA-responsive NAC transcription factor gene, PgNAC72, from a transcriptome library produced from MeJA-treated P. ginseng callus. Predominantly expressed in P. ginseng flowers, PgNAC72 localizes to the nucleus. Overexpressing PgNAC72 (OE-PgNAC72) in P. ginseng callus notably elevated total saponin levels, particularly dammarane-type ginsenosides, by upregulating dammarenediol synthase (PgDDS), encoding a key enzyme in the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that PgNAC72 binds to the NAC-binding elements in the PgDDS promoter, thereby activating its transcription. Further RNA-seq and terpenoid metabolomic data in the OE-PgNAC72 line confirmed that PgNAC72 enhances ginsenoside biosynthesis. These findings uncover a regulatory role of PgNAC72 in MeJA-mediated ginsenoside biosynthesis, providing insights into the ginsenoside regulatory network and presenting a valuable target gene for metabolic engineering.
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Zhang M, Cheng Q, Wei Z, Xu J, Wu S, Xu N, Zhao C, Yu L, Feng W. BertTCR: a Bert-based deep learning framework for predicting cancer-related immune status based on T cell receptor repertoire. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae420. [PMID: 39177262 PMCID: PMC11342255 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is pivotal to the human immune system, and understanding its nuances can significantly enhance our ability to forecast cancer-related immune responses. However, existing methods often overlook the intra- and inter-sequence interactions of T cell receptors (TCRs), limiting the development of sequence-based cancer-related immune status predictions. To address this challenge, we propose BertTCR, an innovative deep learning framework designed to predict cancer-related immune status using TCRs. BertTCR combines a pre-trained protein large language model with deep learning architectures, enabling it to extract deeper contextual information from TCRs. Compared to three state-of-the-art sequence-based methods, BertTCR improves the AUC on an external validation set for thyroid cancer detection by 21 percentage points. Additionally, this model was trained on over 2000 publicly available TCR libraries covering 17 types of cancer and healthy samples, and it has been validated on multiple public external datasets for its ability to distinguish cancer patients from healthy individuals. Furthermore, BertTCR can accurately classify various cancer types and healthy individuals. Overall, BertTCR is the advancing method for cancer-related immune status forecasting based on TCRs, offering promising potential for a wide range of immune status prediction tasks.
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Yao R, Liu H, Wang J, Shi S, Zhao G, Zhou X. Cytological structures and physiological and biochemical characteristics of covered oat (Avena sativa L.) and naked oat (Avena nuda L.) seeds during high-temperature artificial aging. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:530. [PMID: 38862888 PMCID: PMC11165783 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed aging, a natural and inevitable process occurring during storage. Oats, an annual herb belonging to the Gramineae family and pooideae. In addition to being a healthy food, oats serve as ecological pastures, combating soil salinization and desertification. They also play a role in promoting grassland agriculture and supplementing winter livestock feed. However, the high lipid and fat derivatives contents of oat seeds make them susceptible to deterioration, as fat derivatives are prone to rancidity, affecting oat seed production, storage, development, and germplasm resource utilization. Comparative studies on the effects of aging on physiology and cytological structure in covered and naked oat seeds are limited. Thus, our study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying seed deterioration in artificially aged 'LongYan No. 3' (A. sativa) and 'BaiYan No. 2' (A. nuda) seeds, providing a basis for the physiological evaluation of oat seed aging and serving as a reference for scientifically safe storage and efficient utilization of oats. RESULTS In both oat varieties, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in seeds showed increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Variance analysis revealed significant differences and interaction in all measured indicators of oat seeds between the two varieties at different aging times. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds, aged for 24-96 h, exhibited a germination rate of < 30%, Conductivity, malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, and soluble protein levels increased more significantly than the 'BaiYan No. 2'. With prolonged aging leading to cell membrane degradation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, disrupted antioxidant enzyme system, evident embryo cell swelling, and disordered cell arrangement, blocking the nutrient supply route. Simultaneously, severely concentrated chromatin in the nucleus, damaged mitochondrial structure, and impaired energy metabolism were noted, resulting in the loss of 'LongYan No. 3' seed vitality and value. Conversely, 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds showed a germination rate of 73.33% after 96 h of aging, consistently higher antioxidant enzyme activity during aging, normal embryonic cell shape, and existence of the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme system damage in aged oat seeds, nuclear chromatin condensation, mitochondrial structure damage, nucleic acid metabolism and respiration weakened, oat seed vigor decreased. 'LongYan No. 3' seeds were more severely damaged under artificial aging than 'BaiYan No. 2' seeds, highlighting their heightened susceptibility to aging effects.
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Yang Y, Li Z, Zhang J. ZmNF-YA1 Contributes to Maize Thermotolerance by Regulating Heat Shock Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6275. [PMID: 38892463 PMCID: PMC11173165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zea mays (maize) is a staple food, feed, and industrial crop. Heat stress is one of the major stresses affecting maize production and is usually accompanied by other stresses, such as drought. Our previous study identified a heterotrimer complex, ZmNF-YA1-YB16-YC17, in maize. ZmNF-YA1 and ZmNF-YB16 were positive regulators of the drought stress response and were involved in maize root development. In this study, we investigated whether ZmNF-YA1 confers heat stress tolerance in maize. The nf-ya1 mutant and overexpression lines were used to test the role of ZmNF-YA1 in maize thermotolerance. The nf-ya1 mutant was more temperature-sensitive than the wild-type (WT), while the ZmNF-YA1 overexpression lines showed a thermotolerant phenotype. Higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were observed in the mutant, followed by WT and overexpression lines after heat stress treatment, while an opposite trend was observed for chlorophyll content. RNA-seq was used to analyze transcriptome changes in nf-ya1 and its wild-type control W22 in response to heat stress. Based on their expression profiles, the heat stress response-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nf-ya1 compared to WT were grouped into seven clusters via k-means clustering. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs in different clades was performed to elucidate the roles of ZmNF-YA1-mediated transcriptional regulation and their contribution to maize thermotolerance. The loss function of ZmNF-YA1 led to the failure induction of DEGs in GO terms of protein refolding, protein stabilization, and GO terms for various stress responses. Thus, the contribution of ZmNF-YA1 to protein stabilization, refolding, and regulation of abscisic acid (ABA), ROS, and heat/temperature signaling may be the major reason why ZmNF-YA1 overexpression enhanced heat tolerance, and the mutant showed a heat-sensitive phenotype.
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Wang S, Liu M, Gao Y, Zhao H, Zhu H, Du R, Zheng Y, Guo Z, Wang Y, Song Y, Yang F. A CuCo Bimetal Confined Hollow SiC Hybrid Photothermal Nanoreactor for the Integration of Pollutant Mineralization and Solar-Powered Water Evaporation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400406. [PMID: 38568166 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing attention has been paid to the rational treatment of antibiotics-bearing medical wastewater. However, the complexity of polluted wastewater makes the later comprehensive treatment difficult only by the Advanced Oxidation Process technique. Therefore, the coupled water treatment techniques including contaminant mineralization and regeneration of cleanwater become very attractive. A bimetallic functional hollow nanoreactor defined as (Co@SiO2/Cu-X) was successfully constructed by coating a Cu-doped silica layer on the metal-organic framework (ZIF-67) followed by programmed calcination in nitrogen. The nanoreactor was endowed with a hollow configuration composed of mesoporous N-doping C-Silica hybrid shell encapsulated ultrafine Cu and Co metallic species. Such a configuration allows for the efficient diffusion and open reaction space of big contaminant molecules. The catalytic synergy of exposed Co-Cu bimetals and the easy accessibility of electron-rich contaminants by polar N doping sites triggered surface affinity make the optimal Co@SiO2/Cu-6 afford an excellent catalytic norfloxacin mineralization activity (7 min, kabs=0.744 min-1) compared to Cu-free Co@SiO2-6 (kabs=0.493 min-1) and Co-6 (kabs=0.378 min-1) Benefiting from the above unique advantages, Co@SiO2/Cu-6 show excellent removal performance in degrading different pollutants (carbamazepine, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and bisphenol A) and persistent recycled stability in removing NFX. In addition, by virtue of the excellent photothermal properties, interfacial solar water evaporation application by Co@SiO2/Cu-6 was further explored to reach the regeneration of cleanwater (1.595 kg m-2 h-1, 97.51 %). The integration of pollutant mineralization and solar water evaporation by creating the monolith evaporation by anchoring the Co@SiO2/Cu-6 onto the tailored melamine sponge allows the regeneration of cleanwater (1.6 kg⋅m-2⋅h-1) and synchronous pollutant removal (NFX, 95 %, 60 min), which provides potential possibility the treatment of complicated wastewater.
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Fan PY, Li J, Wang FS. [New progress on the clinical study of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in children]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2024; 32:394-398. [PMID: 38858187 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240408-00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children is a hotspot of concern in the field of HBV infection. This article reviews the current status and progress of antiviral treatment for children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in recent years, focusing on clinical issues such as the choice of antiviral treatment regimen for children with HBeAg-positive CHB (immune-clearance phase), the necessity of antiviral treatment for children with HBeAg-positive HBV infection (immune-tolerance phase), and the timing of antiviral treatment for infants with HBV infection, to explore the relevant factors that may affect the clinical cure of children with CHB. At the same time, based on the expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of children with CHB just published by Chinese experts, relevant diagnosis and treatment plans are proposed, with a view to providing reference and basis for clinical decision-making in children with CHB.
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Ma RJ, Zhang M, Wu JS, Wang ZP, Wang GL, He N, Luo MJ, Tan JH. Role of miRNAs in glucose metabolism of mouse cumulus cells†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:895-907. [PMID: 38267362 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that the oocyte has a limited capacity to acquire and metabolize glucose, and it must rely on cumulus cells (CCs) to take up glucose and produce pyruvate for use to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. We therefore propose that miRNAs might regulate glucose metabolism (GM) in CCs and might be used as markers for oocyte quality assessment. Here, mouse CC models with impaired glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were established, and miRNAs targeting the key enzymes in glycolysis/PPP were predicted using the miRNA target prediction databases. Expression of the predicted miRNAs was compared between CCs with normal and impaired glycolysis/PPP to identify candidate miRNAs. Function of the candidate miRNAs was validated by transfecting CCs or cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) with miRNA inhibitors and observing effects on glucose metabolites of CCs and on competence of oocytes. The results validated that miR-23b-3p, let-7b-5p, 34b-5p and 145a-5p inhibited glycolysis, and miR-24-3p, 3078-3p,183-5p and 7001-5p inhibited PPP of CCs. Our observation using a more physiologically relevant model (intact cultured COCs) further validated the four glycolysis-targeting miRNAs we identified. Furthermore, miR-let-7b-5p, 34b-5p and 145a-5p may also inhibit PPP, as they decreased the production of glucose-6-phosphate. In conclusion, miRNAs play critical roles in GM of CCs and may be used as markers for oocyte quality assessment. Summary sentence: We identified and validated eight new miRNAs that inhibit glycolysis and/or pentose phosphate pathways in cumulus cells (CCs) suggesting that miRNAs play critical roles in glucose metabolism of CCs and may be used for oocyte quality markers.
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Zhang Y, Luo A. Applicability analysis of flame height estimation based on Byram's fireline intensity model under flat and windless conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4441. [PMID: 38396250 PMCID: PMC10891076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest fire have a serious impact on forest ecosystems, the safety of people's lives and property, and social stability. The height of surface flames, as the main indicator of forest fire behavior, which is an important parameter for forest fire management. The relationship between fireline intensity and flame height proposed by Byram has been widely used in estimating flame height; however, its applicability to the surface fuel of typical forest stands in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China has not yet been analyzed. In this study, the surface fuel in the area was taken as the research object, and the flame height of different fuel bed characteristics was measured through an indoor burning experiment. The applicability of three methods-the directly used Byram's model, corrected model, and re-established prediction model-was analyzed to estimate the flame height in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. We found that the flame height of the typical forest stands in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau ranged from 0.05 to 1.2 m and was significantly affected by the moisture content, load, and height of the fuel bed. Although the fireline intensity exhibited a significant linear relationship with the flame height, directly using Byram's method to predict the flame height of surface fires was impractical, as its mean prediction error exceeded 150%. The mean relative errors of the prediction model obtained by modifying Byram's method and that based on the characteristics of the fuel bed were both within 15%, which is significantly lower than that of the original Byram's method. Based on the results of this study, we propose two methods that are suitable for predicting the flame height of surface fires in the typical forests of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China, which is of great significance for further understanding the relationship between flame height, fireline intensity, and scientific forest fire management.
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Li J, Wu Y, Wang FS. Letter: Baseline age on antiviral treatment may significantly influence the clinical response of children with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:423-424. [PMID: 38197704 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17667 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17843
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Wu K, Liu Y, Xia J, Liu J, Wang K, Liang H, Xu F, Liu D, Nie D, Tang X, Huang A, Chen C, Tang N. Loss of SLC27A5 Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promotes Liver Fibrosis via Unconjugated Cholic Acid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304408. [PMID: 37957540 PMCID: PMC10787101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the dysregulation of bile acid (BA) composition has been associated with fibrosis progression, its precise roles in liver fibrosis is poorly understood. This study demonstrates that solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5), an enzyme involved in BAs metabolism, is substantially downregulated in the liver tissues of patients with cirrhosis and fibrosis mouse models. The downregulation of SLC27A5 depends on RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which serves as a transcriptional repressor. The findings reveal that experimental SLC27A5 knockout (Slc27a5-/- ) mice display spontaneous liver fibrosis after 24 months. The loss of SLC27A5 aggravates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4 ) and thioacetamide (TAA). Mechanistically, SLC27A5 deficiency results in the accumulation of unconjugated BA, particularly cholic acid (CA), in the liver. This accumulation leads to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by upregulated expression of early growth response protein 3 (EGR3). The re-expression of hepatic SLC27A5 by an adeno-associated virus or the reduction of CA levels in the liver using A4250, an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor, ameliorates liver fibrosis in Slc27a5-/- mice. In conclusion, SLC27A5 deficiency in mice drives hepatic fibrosis through CA-induced activation of HSCs, highlighting its significant implications for liver fibrosis treatment.
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Hou Y, Gao G, Ding W, Wu P, Liu C, Lin D, Liu D, Wang X. Transcriptome and Pathway Analysis Reveals that Adipose-derived Stem Cells Target Inflammatory Factors and Delay the Progression of Diabetic Liver Disease. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:365. [PMID: 38179756 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2812365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic liver disease is one of the main complications that leads to the aggravation of diabetes, but it has not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the altered molecular networks in in diabetic rats with liver damage after stem cell therapy. To a certain extent, our research would be instructive, since almost no studies of this kind have been performed on patients with diabetic liver disease after stem cell therapy. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with adipose-derived stem cells. RNA-Seq analysis was performed on the liver tissues of these animals, and key pathway factors were further identified and validated. RESULTS RNA-Seq analysis revealed numerous affected signaling pathways and functional categories. The results showed that the network of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), an oxidative stress-related gene, was prominently activated in the liver after stem cell therapy, and the enrichment of genes associated with liver damage, steatosis and fibrosis was also detected. The extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway may be involved in this process by regulating the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. CONCLUSIONS These data provide novel insights into liver biology, suggest common alterations in the molecular networks during diabetic liver damage, and show the advantages of stem cell therapy, indicating its further application potential for early treatment of diabetic liver damage and delaying the progression of liver fibrosis in the later stage.
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Zhang M, Zhao C, Cheng Q, Xu J, Xu N, Yu L, Feng W. A score-based method of immune status evaluation for healthy individuals with complete blood cell counts. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:467. [PMID: 38082403 PMCID: PMC10714576 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the COVID-19 outbreak, an increasing number of individuals are concerned about their health, particularly their immune status. However, as of now, there is no available algorithm that effectively assesses the immune status of normal, healthy individuals. In response to this, a new score-based method is proposed that utilizes complete blood cell counts (CBC) to provide early warning of disease risks, such as COVID-19. METHODS First, data on immune-related CBC measurements from 16,715 healthy individuals were collected. Then, a three-platform model was developed to normalize the data, and a Gaussian mixture model was optimized with expectation maximization (EM-GMM) to cluster the immune status of healthy individuals. Based on the results, Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to determine the correlation of each CBC index with the immune status. Consequently, a weighted sum model was constructed to calculate a continuous immunity score, enabling the evaluation of immune status. RESULTS The results demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the immunity score and the age of healthy individuals, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, a nonlinear polynomial regression model was developed to depict this trend. By comparing an individual's immune status with the reference value corresponding to their age, their immune status can be evaluated. CONCLUSION In summary, this study has established a novel model for evaluating the immune status of healthy individuals, providing a good approach for early detection of abnormal immune status in healthy individuals. It is helpful in early warning of the risk of infectious diseases and of significant importance.
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Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang K, Wu S. Functional diversity of sodium channel variants in common eastern bumblebee, Bombus impatiens. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22052. [PMID: 37672296 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
For the past decade, Colony Collapse Disorder has been reported worldwide. Insecticides containing pyrethroids may be responsible for a decline in bees, which are more sensitive to pyrethroids compared with other insects. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav ) are the major target sites of pyrethroids, and the sodium channel diversity is generated through extensive alternative splicing and RNA editing. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the function of variants of the Nav channel, BiNav , from Bombus impatiens. BiNav covers a 46 kb genome region including 30 exons. Sequence analysis of 56 clones showed that the clones can be grouped into 22 splice types with 11 optional exons (exons j, w, p, q, r, b, e, t, l/k, and z). Here, a special alternative exon w is identified, encoding a stretch of 31 amino acid resides in domain I between S3 and S4. RNA editing generates 18 amino acid changes in different positions in individual variants. Among 56 variants examined, only six variants generated sufficient sodium currents for functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes. In the presence of B. impatiens TipE and TEH1, the sodium current amplitude of BiNav 1-1 increased by fourfold, while TipE of other insect species had no effect on the expression. Abundant alternative splicing and RNA editing of BiNav suggests the molecular and functional pharmacology diversity of the Nav channel for bumblebees. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of insecticides that specifically target pests without affecting beneficial insects.
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Chen S, Jiang J, Li T, Huang L. PANoptosis: Mechanism and Role in Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15343. [PMID: 37895022 PMCID: PMC10607352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PANoptosis is a newly defined programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by a series of stimuli, and it engages three well-learned PCD forms (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis) concomitantly. Normally, cell death is recognized as a strategy to eliminate unnecessary cells, inhibit the proliferation of invaded pathogens and maintain homeostasis; however, vigorous cell death can cause excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Acute lung injury (ALI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary syndrome (COPD) exacerbation is related to several pathogens (e.g., influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2) known to cause PANoptosis. An understanding of the mechanism and specific regulators may help to address the pathological systems of these diseases. This review presents our understanding of the potential mechanism of PANoptosis and the role of PANoptosis in different pulmonary diseases.
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