Identification of Bacterial Uropathogen and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Patients with Diabetic and Hypertension Attending Dilla University General Hospital, Dilla, Ethiopia

Background

Having a urinary tract infection (UTI) is a serious health issue which is caused by microbial colonization and proliferation in the urinary system. Patients with diabetes and blood pressure are more vulnerable to bacterial urinary tract infections because their host defense is compromised and their urine has a high glucose content. A proper and quick investigation of uropathogen and their antibiogram is key to patient treatment and infection control.

Objective

Aimed to assess the identification of bacterial uropathogen and antimicrobial resistance patterns among diabetic and hypertension patients attending DUGH, Ethiopia.

Methods

A Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2022 among 158 diabetic and hypertensive patients using a clean catch mid-stream urine sample. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect data from study participants. Urine samples were taken and cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and CLED Agar for the identification of uropathogen. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to CLSI. Binary and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the association. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The overall prevalence of bacterial uropathogenic among diabetes mellitus and hypertension patients was 15.2%. E. coli (29.2%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (20.8%), K. pneumoniae 3 (12.5%) and S. aureus 2 (12.5%) were the leading isolated uropathogens. In our study, illiterates (AOR =8.1, 95% CI: (5.1-12.4)), participants with high blood glucose levels (AOR=1.81, 95% CI: (1.01-2.21)) and comorbid patients (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: (4.1-17.2)) were significantly associated with UTI. Both gram-negative and gram-positive isolated bacteria showed higher resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was reported in 62.5% of the total isolates.

Conclusion

This study revealed a high prevalence of bacterial isolate and multidrug resistance. Therefore, continuous monitoring of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance of UTI among DM patients is crucial for appropriate treatment and infection control.