1
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Wang X, Lai Y. Keratinocytes in the pathogenesis, phenotypic switch, and relapse of psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250279. [PMID: 38356200 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although biologics have achieved tremendous success in the treatment of psoriasis and revolutionized the clinical management of the disease, certain issues arise during treatments, including the phenotypic switch from psoriasis to other skin disorders and the recurrence of psoriasis after the cessation of biologic treatment. Here we provide a concise overview of the roles of keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, elucidate the involvement of keratinocytes in the phenotypic switch and relapse of psoriasis, and address the challenges encountered in both basic and clinical research on psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Wei Y, Xie XY, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang B, Chen XY, Li SJ, Lan Y, Hong K. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Allylboration of Iododiboron Compounds via Diboryl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401050. [PMID: 38444397 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Geminal bis(boronates) are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry. The fact that they predominantly serve as nucleophiles in the previous reports, however, has restrained their synthetic potential. Herein we disclose the ambiphilic reactivity of α-halogenated geminal bis(boronates), of which the first catalytic utilization was accomplished by merging a formal Heck cross-coupling with a highly diastereoselective allylboration of aldehydes or imines, providing a new avenue for rapid assembly of polyfunctionalized boron-containing compounds. We demonstrated that this cascade reaction is highly efficient and compatible with various functional groups, and a wide range of heterocycles. In contrast to a classical Pd(0/II) scenario, mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have provided strong evidence for a catalytic cycle involving Pd(I)/diboryl carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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3
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Shen C, Xu H, Huang WZ, Zhao Q, Zhu RL. Is RNA editing truly absent in the complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida)? Evidence of extensive RNA editing from Cyathodium cavernarum. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38587065 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
RNA editing is a crucial modification in plants' organellar transcripts that converts cytidine to uridine (C-to-U; and sometimes uridine to cytidine) in RNA molecules. This post-transcriptional process is controlled by the PLS-class protein with a DYW domain, which belongs to the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family. RNA editing is widespread in land plants; however, complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) are the only group reported to lack both RNA editing and DYW-PPR protein. The liverwort Cyathodium cavernarum (Marchantiopsida, Cyathodiaceae), typically found in cave habitats, was newly found to have 129 C-to-U RNA editing sites in its chloroplast and 172 sites in its mitochondria. The Cyathodium genus, specifically C. cavernarum, has a large number of PPR editing factor genes, including 251 DYW-type PPR proteins. These DYW-type PPR proteins may be responsible for C-to-U RNA editing in C. cavernarum. Cyathodium cavernarum possesses both PPR DYW proteins and RNA editing. Our analysis suggests that the remarkable RNA editing capability of C. cavernarum may have been acquired alongside the emergence of DYW-type PPR editing factors. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary pattern of RNA editing in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wen-Zhuan Huang
- Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Rui-Liang Zhu
- Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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4
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Chen H, Bian A, Zhou W, Miao Y, Ye J, Li J, He P, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Sun Z, Ti C, Chen Y, Yi Z, Liu M. Discovery of the Highly Selective and Potent STAT3 Inhibitor for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:579-594. [PMID: 38559310 PMCID: PMC10979493 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Unfortunately, targeting STAT3 with small molecules has proven to be very challenging, and for full activation of STAT3, the cooperative phosphorylation of both tyrosine 705 (Tyr705) and serine 727 (Ser727) is needed. Further, a selective inhibitor of STAT3 dual phosphorylation has not been developed. Here, we identified a low nanomolar potency and highly selective small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor that simultaneously inhibits both STAT3 Tyr705 and Ser727 phosphorylation. YY002 potently inhibited STAT3-dependent tumor cell growth in vitro and achieved potent suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. More importantly, YY002 exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics, an acceptable safety profile, and superior antitumor efficacy compared to BBI608 (STAT3 inhibitor that has advanced into phase III trials). For the mechanism, YY002 is selectively bound to the STAT3 Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain over other STAT members, which strongly suppressed STAT3 nuclear and mitochondrial functions in STAT3-dependent cells. Collectively, this study suggests the potential of small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors as possible anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Yuyao Biotech Co., LTD. Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Aiwu Bian
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Yuyao Biotech Co., LTD. Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Yuyao Biotech Co., LTD. Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Ye
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Southern
Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Peng He
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- Southern
Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Chaowen Ti
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and School of Life Sciences, East China
Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Yuyao Biotech Co., LTD. Shanghai 200241, China
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5
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Ning PF, Wei Y, Chen XY, Yang YF, Gao FC, Hong K. A General Method to Access Sterically Encumbered Geminal Bis(boronates) via Formal Umpolung Transformation of Terminal Diboron Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315232. [PMID: 38059757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
General methods for the preparation of geminal bis(boronates) are of great interest due to their widespread applications in organic synthesis. While the terminal gem-diboron compounds are readily accessible, the construction of the sterically encumbered, internal analogues has remained a prominent challenge. Herein, we report a formal umpolung strategy to access these valuable building blocks. The readily available 1,1-diborylalkanes were first converted into the corresponding α-halogenated derivatives, which then serve as electrophilic components, undergoing a formal substitution with a diverse array of nucleophiles to form a series of C-C, C-O, C-S, and C-N bonds. This protocol features good tolerance to steric hindrance and a wide variety of functional groups and heterocycles. Notably, this strategy can also be extended to the synthesis of diaryl and terminal gem-diboron compounds, therefore providing a general approach to various types of geminal bis(boronates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ning
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yi-Fei Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Feng-Chen Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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6
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Yao T, Xia W, Han S, Jia S, Dong X, Wang M, Jiao J, Zhou D, Yang J, Xing X, Chen C, He M, Wu H, Han B. Optimizing copper nanoparticles with a carbon shell for enhanced electrochemical CO 2 reduction to ethanol. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14308-14315. [PMID: 38098726 PMCID: PMC10718077 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) holds great promise for sustainable energy utilization and combating global warming. However, progress has been impeded by challenges in developing stable electrocatalysts that can steer the reaction toward specific products. This study proposes a carbon shell coating protection strategy by an efficient and straightforward approach to prevent electrocatalyst reconstruction during the CO2RR. Utilizing a copper-based metal-organic framework as the precursor for the carbon shell, we synthesized carbon shell-coated electrocatalysts, denoted as Cu-x-y, through calcination in an N2 atmosphere (where x and y represent different calcination temperatures and atmospheres: N2, H2, and NH3). It was found that the faradaic efficiency of ethanol over the catalysts with a carbon shell could reach ∼67.8%. In addition, the catalyst could be stably used for more than 16 h, surpassing the performance of Cu-600-H2 and Cu-600-NH3. Control experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the carbon shell and Cu-C bonds played a pivotal role in stabilizing the catalyst, tuning the electron environment around Cu atoms, and promoting the formation and coupling process of CO*, ultimately favoring the reaction pathway leading to ethanol formation. This carbon shell coating strategy is valuable for developing highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shitao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shuaiqiang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xue Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jiapeng Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Dawei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Municipality 100049 China
| | - Chunjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District Shanghai 202162 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District Shanghai 202162 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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7
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Ruan YL, Liao L, Ma C, Xue XS, Yu JS. Nickel-catalysed asymmetric hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes for enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-tethered chiral allenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12676-12683. [PMID: 38020394 PMCID: PMC10646904 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented nickel-catalysed enantioselective hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes is developed, allowing the diverse access to monofluoromethyl-tethered axially chiral allenes, including the challenging deuterated monofluoromethyl (CD2F)-tethered ones that are otherwise inaccessible. It represents the first asymmetric 1,4-hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes using low-cost asymmetric nickel catalysis, thus opening a new avenue for the activation of 1,3-enynes in reaction development. The utility is further verified by its broad substrate scope, good functionality tolerance, mild conditions, and diversified product elaborations toward other valuable fluorinated structures. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yu-Long Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Ling Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Chuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan 432000 China
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8
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Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ge G, Yang W, Qian X, Tian Y, Yang Y. Acyl-caged rhodamines: photo-controlled and self-calibrated generation of acetyl radicals for neural function recovery in early AD mice. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11689-11698. [PMID: 37920344 PMCID: PMC10619617 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological function of radicals is a broad continuum from signaling to killing. Yet, biomedical exploitation of radicals is largely restricted to the theme of healing-by-killing. To explore their potential in healing-by-signaling, robust radical generation methods are warranted. Acyl radicals are endogenous, exhibit facile chemistry and elicit matrix-dependent biological outcomes. Their implications in health and disease remain untapped, primarily due to the lack of a robust generation method with spatiotemporal specificity. Fusing the Norrish chemistry into the xanthene scaffold, we developed a novel general and modular molecular design strategy for photo-triggered generation of acyl radicals, i.e., acyl-caged rhodamine (ACR). A notable feature of ACR is the simultaneous release of a fluorescent probe for cell redox homeostasis allowing real-time monitoring of the biological outcome of acyl radicals. With a donor of the endogenous acetyl radical (ACR575a), we showcased its capability in precise and continuous modulation of the cell redox homeostasis from signaling to stress, and induction of a local oxidative burst to promote differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Upon intracerebral-injection of ACR575a and subsequent fiber-optical activation, early AD mice exhibited enhanced differentiation of NSCs toward neurons, reduced formation of Aβ plaques, and significantly improved cognitive abilities, including learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Chongqing South Road 280 Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cailun Road 1200 Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cailun Road 1200 Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Chongqing South Road 280 Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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9
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Wu J, Ouyang J, Qin H, Zhou J, Roberts R, Siam R, Wang L, Tong W, Liu Z, Shi T. PLM-ARG: antibiotic resistance gene identification using a pretrained protein language model. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad690. [PMID: 37995287 PMCID: PMC10676515 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Antibiotic resistance presents a formidable global challenge to public health and the environment. While considerable endeavors have been dedicated to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for assessing the threat of antibiotic resistance, recent extensive investigations using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches have unveiled a noteworthy concern. A significant fraction of proteins defies annotation through conventional sequence similarity-based methods, an issue that extends to ARGs, potentially leading to their under-recognition due to dissimilarities at the sequence level. RESULTS Herein, we proposed an Artificial Intelligence-powered ARG identification framework using a pretrained large protein language model, enabling ARG identification and resistance category classification simultaneously. The proposed PLM-ARG was developed based on the most comprehensive ARG and related resistance category information (>28K ARGs and associated 29 resistance categories), yielding Matthew's correlation coefficients (MCCs) of 0.983 ± 0.001 by using a 5-fold cross-validation strategy. Furthermore, the PLM-ARG model was verified using an independent validation set and achieved an MCC of 0.838, outperforming other publicly available ARG prediction tools with an improvement range of 51.8%-107.9%. Moreover, the utility of the proposed PLM-ARG model was demonstrated by annotating resistance in the UniProt database and evaluating the impact of ARGs on the Earth's environmental microbiota. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION PLM-ARG is available for academic purposes at https://github.com/Junwu302/PLM-ARG, and a user-friendly webserver (http://www.unimd.org/PLM-ARG) is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haipeng Qin
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruth Roberts
- ApconiX Ltd, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Siam
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Lan Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Statistics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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10
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Jia S, Zhu Q, Han S, Zhai J, Dong M, Xia W, Xing X, Wu H, He M, Han B. Ultra-fast synthesis of three-dimensional porous Cu/Zn heterostructures for enhanced carbon dioxide electroreduction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11474-11480. [PMID: 37886083 PMCID: PMC10599477 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of metal hetero-interfaces has great potential in the application of electro-catalytic carbon dioxide reduction (ECR). Herein, we report a fast, efficient, and simple electrodeposition strategy for synthesizing three-dimensional (3D) porous Cu/Zn heterostructures using the hydrogen bubble template method. When the deposition was carried out at -1.0 A for 30 s, the obtained 3D porous Cu/Zn heterostructures on carbon paper (CP) demonstrated a nearly 100% CO faradaic efficiency (FE) with a high partial current density of 91.8 mA cm-2 at -2.1 V vs. Ag/Ag+ in the mixed electrolyte of ionic liquids/acetonitrile in an H-type cell. In particular, the partial current density of CO could reach 165.5 mA cm-2 and the FE of CO could remain as high as 94.3% at -2.5 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The current density is much higher than most reported to date in an H-type cell (Table S1). Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the outstanding electrocatalytic performance of the electrode can be ascribed to the formation of 3D porous Cu/Zn heterostructures, in which the porous and self-supported architecture facilitates diffusion and the Cu/Zn heterostructures can reduce the energy barrier for ECR to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqiang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shitao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jianxin Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Mengke Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District Shanghai 202162 China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District Shanghai 202162 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District Shanghai 202162 China
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11
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Zhang W, Yuan H, Li X, Guo X, Lu C, Liu A, Yang H, Xu L, Shi X, Fang Z, Yang H, Cheng Y, Fang J. Component Distribution Regulation in Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells through Selective Molecular Interaction. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303674. [PMID: 37325993 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with near-ideal bandgap still lag behind the pure lead PSCs. Disordered heterojunctions caused by inhomogeneous Sn/Pb ratio in the binary perovskite film induce large recombination loss. Here, an Sn-Pb perovskite film is reported with homogeneous component and energy distribution by introducing hydrazine sulfate (HS) in Sn perovskite precursor. HS can form hydrogen bond network and coordinate with FASnI3 thus no longer bond with Pb2+ , which reduces the crystallization rate of tin perovskite to the level of lead analog. The strong bonding between SO4 2- and Sn2+ can also suppress its oxidation. As a result, the Sn-Pb PSCs with HS exhibit a significantly improved VOC of 0.91 V along with a high efficiency of 23.17%. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bond interaction network, strong bonding between Sn2+ and sulfate ion also improve the thermal, storage, and air stability of resulting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haobo Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuemin Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Acan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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12
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Yang SL, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wu C, Liu H, Jiang D, Lavendomme R, Zhang D, Gao EQ. Confinement inside MOFs Enables Guest-Modulated Spin Crossover of Otherwise Low-Spin Coordination Cages. JACS Au 2023; 3:2183-2191. [PMID: 37654592 PMCID: PMC10466325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of discrete coordination cages within nanoporous lattices is an intriguing strategy to gain unusual properties and functions. We demonstrate here that the confinement of coordination cages within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allows the spin state of the cages to be regulated through multilevel host-guest interactions. In particular, the confined in situ self-assembly of an anionic FeII4L6 nanocage within the mesoporous cationic framework of MIL-101 leads to the ionic MOF with an unusual hierarchical host-guest structure. While the nanocage in solution and in the solid state has been known to be invariantly diamagnetic with low-spin FeII, FeII4L6@MIL-101 exhibits spin-crossover (SCO) behavior in response to temperature and release/uptake of water guest within the MOF. The distinct color change concomitant with water-induced SCO enables the use of the material for highly selective colorimetric sensing of humidity. Moreover, the spin state and the SCO behavior can be modulated also by inclusion of a guest into the hydrophobic cavity of the confined cage. This is an essential demonstration of the phenomenon that the confinement within porous solids enables an SCO-inactive cage to show modulable SCO behaviors, opening perspectives for developing functional supramolecular materials through hierarchical host-guest structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Liang Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department
of EEE, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Haiming Liu
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Engineering
Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School
of Physics and Electronic Science, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Roy Lavendomme
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique, Université libre
de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue
F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, P. R. China
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13
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Gu X. Evaluating predictors' relative importance using Bayes factors in regression models. Psychol Methods 2023; 28:825-842. [PMID: 34735174 DOI: 10.1037/met0000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a Bayesian inference approach to evaluate the relative importance of predictors in regression models. Depending on the interpretation of importance, a number of indices are introduced, such as the standardized regression coefficient, the average squared semipartial correlation, and the dominance analysis measure. Researchers' theories about relative importance are represented by order constrained hypotheses. Support for or against the hypothesis is quantified by the Bayes factor, which can be computed from the prior and posterior distributions of the importance index. As the distributions of the indices are often unknown, we specify prior and posterior distributions for the covariance matrix of all variables in the regression model. The prior and posterior distributions of each importance index can be obtained from the prior and posterior samples of the covariance matrix. Simulation studies are conducted to show different inferences resulting from various importance indices and to investigate the performance of the proposed Bayesian testing approach. The procedure of evaluating relative importance using Bayes factors is illustrated using two real data examples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Educational Psychology, East China Normal University
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14
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Liu J, Shang X, Yao B, Zhang Y, Huang S, Guo Y, Wang X. Design and Construction of Carboxylesterase 2c Gene Knockout Rats by CRISPR/Cas9. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:190-199. [PMID: 36694315 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230123140919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is mainly distributed in the human liver and gut, and plays an active role in the metabolic activation of many prodrugs and lipid metabolism. Although CES2 is of great significance, there are still few animal models related to CES2. OBJECTIVES This research aims to construct Ces2c gene knockout (KO) rats and further study the function of CES2. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to target and cleave the rat Ces2c gene. Compensatory effects of major CES subtypes both in the liver and small intestine of KO rats were detected at mRNA levels. Meanwhile, diltiazem and aspirin were used as substrates to test the metabolic capacity of Ces2c in KO rats. RESULTS This Ces2c KO rat model showed normal growth and breeding without off-target effects. The metabolic function of Ces2c KO rats was verified by the metabolic study of CES2 substrates in vitro. The results showed that the metabolic capacity of diltiazem in KO rats was weakened, while the metabolic ability of aspirin did not change significantly. In addition, the serum physiological indexes showed that the Ces2c deletion did not affect the liver function of rats.. CONCLUSION The Ces2c KO rat model was successfully constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 system. This rat model can not only be used as an important tool to study the drug metabolism mediated by CES2, but also as an important animal model to study the physiological function of CES2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Shang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Chen H, Li Q, Hu Q, Jiao X, Ren W, Wang S, Peng G. Double spiral chip-embedded micro-trapezoid filters (SMT filters) for the sensitive isolation of CTCs of prostate cancer by spectral detection. Nanoscale Adv 2022; 4:5392-5403. [PMID: 36540122 PMCID: PMC9724689 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that are released from the original tumor and circulate in the blood vessels, carrying greatly similar constituents as the original tumor. Therefore, CTCs have a significant value in cancer prognosis, early diagnosis, and anti-cancer therapy. However, their rarity and heterogeneity make the isolation of CTCs an arduous task. In the present research, we propose a double spiral chip-embedded micro-trapezoid filter (SMT filter) for the sensitive isolation of the CTCs of prostate cancer by spectral detection. SMT filters were elongated to effectively capture CTCs and this distinctive design was conducive to their isolation and enrichment. The SMT filters were verified with tumor cells and artificial patient blood with a capture efficiency as high as 94% at a flow rate of 1.5 mL h-1. As a further validation, the SMT filters were validated in isolating CTCs from 10 prostate cancers and other cancers in 4 mL blood samples. Also, the CTCs tested positive for each patient blood sample, ranging from 83-114 CTCs. Significantly, we advanced hyperspectral imaging to detect the characteristic spectrum of CTCs both captured in situ on SMT filters and enriched after isolation. The CTCs could be positively identified by hyperspectral imaging with complete integrity of the cell morphology and an improved characteristic spectrum. This represents a breakthrough in the conventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of nanoparticles. Also, the characteristic spectrum of the CTCs would be highly beneficial for distinguishing the cancer type and accurate for enumerating tumor cells with varied intensities. Furthermore, a novel integrated flower-shaped microfilter was presented with all these aforementioned merits. The success of both the SMT filters and characteristic spectral detection indicated their feasibility for further clinical analysis, the evaluation of cancer therapy, and for potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qingli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital Shanghai 200070 P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Peng
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
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16
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Abstract
Entangling strands in a well-ordered manner can produce useful effects, from shoelaces and fishing nets to brown paper packages tied up with strings. At the nanoscale, non-crystalline polymer chains of sufficient length and flexibility randomly form tangled mixtures containing open knots of different sizes, shapes and complexity. However, discrete molecular knots of precise topology can also be obtained by controlling the number, sequence and stereochemistry of strand crossings: orderly molecular entanglements. During the last decade, substantial progress in the nascent field of molecular nanotopology has been made, with general synthetic strategies and new knotting motifs introduced, along with insights into the properties and functions of ordered tangle sequences. Conformational restrictions imparted by knotting can induce allostery, strong and selective anion binding, catalytic activity, lead to effective chiral expression across length scales, binding modes in conformations efficacious for drug delivery, and facilitate mechanical function at the molecular level. As complex molecular topologies become increasingly synthetically accessible they have the potential to play a significant role in molecular and materials design strategies. We highlight particular examples of molecular knots to illustrate why these are a few of our favourite things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
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17
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Su Y, Chen X, Wang H, Sun L, Xu Y, Li D. Enhancing cell membrane phase separation for inhibiting cancer metastasis with a stimuli-responsive DNA nanodevice. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6303-6308. [PMID: 35733880 PMCID: PMC9159096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation in cell membranes promotes the assembly of transmembrane receptors to initiate signal transduction in response to environmental cues. Many cellular behaviors are manipulated by promoting membrane phase separation through binding to multivalent extracellular ligands. However, available extracellular molecule tools that enable manipulating the clustering of transmembrane receptors in a controllable manner are rare. In the present study, we report a DNA nanodevice that enhances membrane phase separation through the clustering of dynamic lipid rafts. This DNA nanodevice is anchored in the lipid raft region of the cell membrane and initiated by ATP. In a tumor microenvironment, this device could be activated to form a long DNA duplex on the cell membrane, which not only enhances membrane phase separation, but also blocks the interaction between the transmembrane surface adhesion receptor and extracellular matrix, leading to reduced migration. We demonstrate that the ATP-activated DNA nanodevice could inhibit cancer cell migration both in vitro and in vivo. The concept of using DNA to regulate membrane phase separation provides new possibilities for manipulating versatile cell functions through rational design of functional DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Lele Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Di Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
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18
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Zhu C, Wang Z, Deane DC, Luo W, Chen Y, Cao Y, Lin Y, Zhang M. The Effects of Species Abundance, Spatial Distribution, and Phylogeny on a Plant-Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Network. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:784778. [PMID: 35665141 PMCID: PMC9158544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.784778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant and root fungal interactions are among the most important belowground ecological interactions, however, the mechanisms underlying pairwise interactions and network patterns of rhizosphere fungi and host plants remain unknown. We tested whether neutral process or spatial constraints individually or jointly best explained quantitative plant-ectomycorrhizal fungal network assembly in a subtropical forest in southern China. Results showed that the observed plant-ectomycorrhizal fungal network had low connectivity, high interaction evenness, and an intermediate level of specialization, with nestedness and modularity both greater than random expectation. Incorporating information on the relative abundance and spatial overlap of plants and fungi well predicted network nestedness and connectance, but not necessarily explained other network metrics such as specificity. Spatial overlap better predicted pairwise species interactions of plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi than species abundance or a combination of species abundance and spatial overlap. There was a significant phylogenetic signal on species degree and interaction strength for ectomycorrhizal fungal but not for plant species. Our study suggests that neutral processes (species abundance matching) and niche/dispersal-related processes (implied by spatial overlap and phylogeny) jointly drive the shaping of a plant-ectomycorrhizal fungal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David C. Deane
- Centre for Future Landscapes and Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- Department of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yumiao Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Minhua Zhang
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Zhejiang Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Fan L, Luo J, Xie S, Zhu F, Li S. Chinese students' access, use and perceptions of ICTs in learning mathematics: findings from an investigation of Shanghai secondary schools. ZDM 2022; 54:611-624. [PMID: 35528042 PMCID: PMC9052737 DOI: 10.1007/s11858-022-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Due to rapid social and economic development in China over the last three decades, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become increasingly available in Chinese classrooms and families. However, there is a lack of research regarding Chinese students' use of ICTs in mathematics learning. In this study, we examined how Chinese students access, use, and perceive ICTs in learning mathematics. To this end, a conceptual framework for ICTs and the role of ICTs in students' learning of mathematics was established. Using a mixed-methods approach, we collected data from 223 students in four randomly selected secondary schools in Shanghai through a questionnaire survey, followed by classroom observations and interviews with students and teachers. The results revealed that various ICTs are widely accessible in Shanghai classrooms and students overall have a positive view about the role of ICTs in their mathematics learning, especially in problem solving and in learning geometry. When learning mathematics at home, students used handheld technological devices more frequently than non-portable devices. Furthermore, there were significant differences between different students in terms of school performance levels, grade levels, and genders in their use of ICTs in learning mathematics. In particular, students from high-performing schools had more access to various ICTs but used them less frequently than their peers from ordinary schools. Suggestions and implications of the findings are discussed at the end of the paper. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11858-022-01363-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghuo Fan
- East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241 China
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jietong Luo
- East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Sicheng Xie
- East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Fangchun Zhu
- East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shuhui Li
- East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241 China
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20
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Abstract
Supramolecular radical chemistry has been emerging as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field of traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry in recent years. The purpose of such a fundamental research field is to combine traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry together, and take the benefit of both to eventually create new molecules and materials. Recently, supramolecular radical cages have been becoming one of the most frontier and challenging research focuses in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this Perspective, we give a brief introduction to organic radical chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and the emerging supramolecular radical chemistry along with their history and application. Subsequently, we turn to the main part of this topic: supramolecular radical cages. The design and synthesis of supramolecular cages consisting of redox-active building blocks and radical centres are summarized. The host-guest interactions between supramolecular (radical) cages and organic radicals are also surveyed. Some interesting properties and applications of supramolecular radical cages such as their unique spin-spin interactions and intriguing confinement effects in radical-mediated/catalyzed reactions are comprehensively discussed and highlighted in the main text. The purpose of this Perspective is to help students and researchers understand the development of supramolecular radical cages, and potentially to stimulate innovation and creativity and infuse new energy into the fields of traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry as well as supramolecular radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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21
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Fan L, Cheng J, Xie S, Luo J, Wang Y, Sun Y. Are textbooks facilitators or barriers for teachers' teaching and instructional change? An investigation of secondary mathematics teachers in Shanghai, China. ZDM 2021; 53:1313-1330. [PMID: 34539927 PMCID: PMC8435135 DOI: 10.1007/s11858-021-01306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this paper we report on a survey study of teachers' perceptions of how mathematics textbooks, including broadly student books, teacher manuals, and exercise books, facilitate or hinder teachers' teaching in Shanghai educational settings. For the study we established a conceptual framework about teachers' teaching, partly drawing on Shulman's model of pedagogical reasoning and action of teachers. The data were collected from a stratified random sample of 133 mathematics teachers in 13 secondary schools through a questionnaire, and follow-up interviews with 24 of them. The results revealed the following: the textbooks were highly regarded and used by the Shanghai mathematics teachers as facilitators rather than barriers for their teaching and instructional change, and the facilitation was most evident in the process of transformation and comprehension, and least evident in evaluation in teachers' pedagogical reasoning and action; compared with student books and exercise books, teacher manuals played a larger facilitating role in teachers' teaching; and finally, compared with teacher characteristics, school characteristics had a greater influence on the extent to which textbooks played a role of facilitation or hindrance for teachers' instructional practice. Implications and suggestions are given at the end of the paper. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11858-021-01306-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghuo Fan
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jing Cheng
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Xie
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jietong Luo
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisu Wang
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Abstract
During late 2019 and early 2020, Australia experienced one of the most active bushfire seasons that advected large emissions over the adjacent ocean. Herein, we present a comprehensive research on mixed atmospheric aerosol particulate pollution emitted by wildfires in the atmosphere and the ocean. Based on a wide range of physical and biochemical data, including the Aerosol Robotic Network, multi-satellite observations, and Argo floats, we investigated the spatio-temporal variations and mixed compositions of aerosol particles, deposition in the coastal waters of eastern Australia and the South Pacific Ocean, and biogeochemical responses in the water column. Four types of wildfire-derived mixed particles were classified by using the optical properties of aerosols into four types, including the background aerosols, mineral dust, wildfire smoke particles, and residual smoke. The coarse particles accounted for more than 60% of the mineral dust on 22 November 2019 in the Tasman Sea; afterwards, during the wildfire smoke episode from December 2019 to January 2020, the particles affected large areas of the atmosphere such as eastern Australia, the South Pacific Ocean, and South America. The maximum value of the aerosol optical depth reached 2.74, and the proportion of fine particles accounted for 98.9% in the smoke episode. Mineral dust and smoke particles from the fire emissions changed the particle composition in the surface ocean. Particle deposition accounted for increases in chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) standardized anomaly up to maximum of 23.3 with a lag time of less than 8 days. In the vertical direction, float observations showed the impact of exogenous particles on the water column could up to 64.7 m deep, resulting in Chla of 1.85 mg/m3. The high Chla lasted for a minimum period of two months until it returned to normal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xuerong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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23
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Zhang P, McDowell NG, Zhou X, Wang W, Leff RT, Pivovaroff AL, Zhang H, Chow PS, Ward ND, Indivero J, Yabusaki SB, Waichler S, Bailey VL. Declining carbohydrate content of Sitka-spruce treesdying from seawater exposure. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1682-1696. [PMID: 33893814 PMCID: PMC8133543 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing sea levels associated with climate change threaten the survival of coastal forests, yet the mechanisms by which seawater exposure causes tree death remain poorly understood. Despite the potentially crucial role of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves in tree survival, their dynamics in the process of death under seawater exposure are unknown. Here we monitored progressive tree mortality and associated NSC storage in Sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees dying under ecosystem-scale increases in seawater exposure in western Washington, USA. All trees exposed to seawater, because of monthly tidal intrusion, experienced declining crown foliage during the sampling period, and individuals with a lower percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC) died faster. Tree PLFC was strongly correlated with subsurface salinity and needle ion contents. Total NSC concentrations in trees declined remarkably with crown decline, and reached extremely low levels at tree death (2.4% and 1.6% in leaves and branches, respectively, and 0.4% in stems and roots). Starch in all tissues was almost completely consumed, while sugars remained at a homeostatic level in foliage. The decreasing NSC with closer proximity to death and near zero starch at death are evidences that carbon starvation occurred during Sitka-spruce mortality during seawater exposure. Our results highlight the importance of carbon storage as an indicator of tree mortality risks under seawater exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Riley T Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Alexandria L Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Pak S Chow
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Julia Indivero
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
| | - Steven B Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Middle-aged adults are commonly confronted with the burden of paid work and multiple caregiving roles. This paper examines the relationship between weekly hours of unpaid caregiving and hours of work using data from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analysis was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 3645 working-age Chinese adults aged 45-60 years who were not farming and had a young grandchild and/or a parent/parent-in-law. For women and men separately, we combined the use of a Heckman selection procedure and instrumental variables to estimate the relationship between weekly caregiving hours and hours of work. A caregiving threshold was also identified for women and men separately to allow for the testing of a kink and/or a discontinuity in this relationship. We found that for women, their working hours were initially unrelated to hours of caregiving before the threshold of 72 caregiving hours per week; then, their working hours experienced an almost two-fold increase at the caregiving threshold before falling by 2.02 percent for each additional hour of caregiving beyond the threshold. For men, their hours of work fell by 2.74 percent for each hourly increment in caregiving. Although a caregiving threshold of 112 h was identified for men, there was insufficient evidence for a statistically significant kink or discontinuity in this relationship. These findings provide support for a range of fiscal and human resource policies that target employed family caregivers in order to advance their well-being while also maintaining their work productivity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02692-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Chai
- School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Public Policy Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6 Canada
| | - Peter C. Coyte
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6 Canada
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25
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Chai H, Fu R, Coyte PC. How Do Middle-Aged Chinese Men and Women Balance Caregiving and Employment Income? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:415. [PMID: 33916816 PMCID: PMC8066626 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpaid family caregivers might suffer losses in income as a result of care provision. Here we used data from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to assess the relationship between hours of weekly caregiving provided to grandchildren/parents/parents-in-law and individual's monthly employment income. Our study sample comprised 3718 middle-aged Chinese adults who were of working age (45-60 years). For women and men separately, we used a likelihood-based method to determine a caregiving threshold in a two-stage Heckman selection procedure. Instrumental variables were used to rule out the endogeneity of caregiving hours. Our analysis revealed a negative association between caregiving and income for women that depended on a caregiving threshold of 63 h per week. There was an absence of caregiving-income relationship among men. These results offer new insights into the opportunity costs of unpaid caregiving and support tailored policies to protect the financial well-being of female caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Chai
- School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Center for Public Policy Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada;
| | - Peter C. Coyte
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada;
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26
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Yuan Y, Fang YW, Zhao YF, Duan CG. Intrinsic asymmetric ferroelectricity induced giant electroresistance in ZnO/BaTiO 3 superlattice. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2353-2358. [PMID: 35424198 PMCID: PMC8693702 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09228b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we combine the piezoelectric wurtzite ZnO and the ferroelectric (111) BaTiO3 as a hexagonal closed-packed structure and report a systematic theoretical study on the ferroelectric behavior induced by the interface of ZnO/BaTiO3 films and the transport properties between the SrRuO3 electrodes. The parallel and antiparallel polarizations of ZnO and BaTiO3 can lead to intrinsic asymmetric ferroelectricity in the ZnO/BaTiO3 superlattice. Using first-principles calculations we demonstrate four different configurations for the ZnO/BaTiO3/ZnO superlattice with respective terminations and find one most favorable for the stable existence of asymmetric ferroelectricity in thin films with thickness less than 4 nm. Combining density functional theory calculations with non equilibrium Green's function formalism, we investigate the electron transport properties of SrRuO3/ZnO/BaTiO3/ZnO/SrRuO3 FTJ and SrRuO3/ZnO/BaTiO3/SrRuO3 FTJ, and reveal a high TER effect of 581% and 112% respectively. These findings provide an important insight into the understanding of how the interface affects the polarization in the ZnO/BaTiO3 superlattice and may suggest a controllable and unambiguous way to build ferroelectric and multiferroic tunnel junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronics, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yue-Wen Fang
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures & World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yi-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronics, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chun-Gang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronics, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
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27
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Duan G, Ji C, Zhang JZH. Developing an effective polarizable bond method for small molecules with application to optimized molecular docking. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15530-15540. [PMID: 35495446 PMCID: PMC9052371 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic interaction plays an essential role in protein-ligand binding. Due to the polarization effect, electrostatic interactions are largely impacted by their local environments. However, traditional force fields use fixed point charge-charge interactions to describe electrostatic interactions but is unable to include the polarization effect. The lack of the polarization effect in the force field representation can result in substantial error in biomolecular studies, such as molecular dynamics and molecular docking. Docking programs usually employ traditional force fields to estimate the binding energy between a ligand and a protein for pose selection or scoring. The intermolecular interaction energy mainly consists of van der Waals and electrostatic interaction in the force field representation. In the current study, we developed an Effective Polarizable Bond (EPB) method for small organic molecules and applied this EPB method to optimize protein-ligand docking in computational tests for a variety of protein-ligand systems. We tested the method on a set of 38 cocrystallized structures taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and found that the maximum error was reduced from 7.98 Å to 2.03 Å when using EPB Dock, providing strong evidence that the use of EPB charges is important. We found that our optimized docking approach with EPB charges could improve the docking performance, sometimes dramatically, and the maximum error was reduced from 12.88 Å to 1.57 Å in Optimized Docking (in the case of 1fqx). The average RMSD decreased from 2.83 Å to 1.85 Å. Further investigations showed that the use of the EBP method could enhance intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which is a major contributing factor to improved docking performance. Developed tools for the calculation of the polarized ligand charge from a protein-ligand complex structure with the EPB method are freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/Xundrug/EPB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfu Duan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Changge Ji
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 China
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai Shanghai 200062 China
- Department of Chemistry, New York University NY NY 10003 USA
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
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28
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Tian X, Wei R, Yang D, Qiu J. Paradoxical combination of saturable absorption and reverse-saturable absorption in plasmon semiconductor nanocrystals. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:1676-1684. [PMID: 36132321 PMCID: PMC9417615 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In heavily doped semiconductor nanocrystal systems, high-order nonlinearities including third-order nonlinearity and fifth-order nonlinearity can be tailored to manipulate light on the nanoscale due to the semiconductor intrinsic absorption and localized surface plasmon resonances. Here, by exploiting the nonlinear optical properties of broadly infrared plasmons in solution-processed aluminum-doped ZnO nanocrystals (AZO NCs) with a wide band-gap, we demonstrate that the competition between plasma ground-state bleaching (third-order nonlinearity) and three-photon absorption (fifth-order nonlinearity) is responsible for the transition between saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption. Upon increasing the pump intensity, the third-order nonlinear coefficient decreases from -5.85 × 102 cm GW-1 to -7.89 × 10-10 cm GW-1, while the fifth-order nonlinear coefficient increases from 3.08 × 10-9 cm3 GW-2 to 15.8 cm3 GW-2. With aluminum-doped ZnO nanocrystals as a Q-switch, a pulsed fiber laser operating at the C band (optical communication band) was constructed. Furthermore, the relatively small temperature fluctuations (7.13 K) of the Q-switch indicate its application prospects in all-optical systems. Investigations on the intrinsic mechanism between high-order nonlinearity and the nonlinear absorption can promote the further development and applications of heavily doped oxide semiconductors in advanced nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 PR China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang 321004 PR China
| | - Dandan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 PR China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 PR China
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29
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Xia Z, Huang H, Chen Z, Fang Z, Qiu J. Enhanced up-conversion luminescence in transparent glass-ceramic containing KEr 3F 10:Er 3+ nanocrystals and its application in temperature detection. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10999-11004. [PMID: 35515300 PMCID: PMC9062607 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01945f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparent Er3+ doped glass-ceramics containing KEr3F10:Er3+ nanocrystals were prepared via the traditional melt-quenching technique. The micro-structures, optical properties and up-conversion luminescence behaviors of the Er3+ doped glass-ceramics were systemically studied using X-ray diffraction, absorption and up-conversion luminescence spectra. Under the excitation of a laser at 980 nm, the intensity of red emission of the glass-ceramics increases more than 70 times after heat treatment compared with that of the precursor glass ceramic. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity ratio of the thermally coupled energy levels (2H11/2 and 4S3/2) shows a good linear relationship with temperature and maintains relatively high sensitivities of 0.398% per K at 303-573 K, which indicates that the glass ceramics have promising applications in temperature detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Zaijin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381 Guangzhou 510641 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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