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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Jurado-Fasoli L, Plaza-Florido A, Yang W, Kohler I, Di X, Rubio-López J, Sanchez-Delgado G, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. A bout of endurance and resistance exercise transiently decreases plasma levels of bile acids in young, sedentary adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1607-1620. [PMID: 37278109 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating bile acids (BA) are signaling molecules that control glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the effects of acute exercise on plasma levels of BA in humans remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of a bout of maximal endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on plasma levels of BA in young, sedentary adults. Concentration of eight plasma BA was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after each exercise bout. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed in 14 young adults (21.8 ± 2.5 yo, 12 women); muscle strength was assessed in 17 young adults (22.4 ± 2.5 yo, 11 women). EE transiently decreased plasma levels of total, primary, and secondary BA at 3 and 30 min after exercise. RE exerted a prolonged reduction in plasma levels of secondary BA (p < 0.001) that lasted until 120 min. Primary BA levels of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were different across individuals with low/high CRF levels after EE (p ≤ 0.044); CA levels were different across individuals with low/high handgrip strength levels. High CRF individuals presented higher levels of CA and CDCA 120 min after exercise vs baseline (+77% and +65%) vs the low CRF group (-5% and -39%). High handgrip strength levels individuals presented higher levels of CA 120 min after exercise versus baseline (+63%) versus the low handgrip strength group (+6%). The study findings indicate that an individual's level of physical fitness can influence how circulating BA respond to both endurance and resistance exercise. Additionally, the study suggests that changes in plasma BA levels after exercising could be related to the control of glucose homeostasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - José Rubio-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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López-López A, Moreno-Baquero JM, Garrido-Fernández A. The Desalting Process for Table Olives and Its Effect on Their Physicochemical Characteristics and Nutrient Mineral Content. Foods 2023; 12:2307. [PMID: 37372518 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The desalting process is critical for packaging table olives in brine with reduced NaCl or fortified mineral nutrients. In this study, the effect of desalting on the physicochemical characteristics and mineral content of green Manzanilla Spanish-style (plain and stuffed with pepper paste) and DOP Aloreña de Málaga table olives was investigated for the first time. The surface colour of the fruits turned slightly brownish, and the olives became somewhat softer. The lactic acid, the mineral macronutrients (mainly) and micronutrient contents decreased, while flesh moisture increased. The kinetic parameters of the minerals' losses depended on the presentation, with the estimated values for plain olives being the lowest (slowest desalting). Overall, the desalting process resulted in slight quality damage and a moderated decrease in the mineral concentration in the flesh, leading to some product degradation. This study provides quantitative information on these changes that may affect the commercial value of the final products and offers information for viable designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-López
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG), CSIC, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Baquero
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG), CSIC, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido-Fernández
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG), CSIC, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Buades A, Lisani JL, Martorell O. Efficient joint noise removal and multi exposure fusion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265464. [PMID: 35333884 PMCID: PMC8956173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-exposure fusion (MEF) is a technique that combines different snapshots of the same scene, captured with different exposure times, into a single image. This combination process (also known as fusion) is performed in such a way that the parts with better exposure of each input image have a stronger influence. Therefore, in the result image all areas are well exposed. In this paper, we propose a new method that performs MEF and noise removal. Rather than denoising each input image individually and then fusing the obtained results, the proposed strategy jointly performs fusion and denoising in the Discrete Cosinus Transform (DCT) domain, which leads to a very efficient algorithm. The method takes advantage of spatio-temporal patch selection and collaborative 3D thresholding. Several experiments show that the obtained results are significantly superior to the existing state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Buades
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code (IAC3) and with the Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Lisani
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code (IAC3) and with the Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Onofre Martorell
- Institute of Applied Computing and Community Code (IAC3) and with the Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
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Mascaró M, Serón FJ, Perales FJ, Varona J, Mas R. Laughter and smiling facial expression modelling for the generation of virtual affective behavior. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251057. [PMID: 33979375 PMCID: PMC8115814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laughter and smiling are significant facial expressions used in human to human communication. We present a computational model for the generation of facial expressions associated with laughter and smiling in order to facilitate the synthesis of such facial expressions in virtual characters. In addition, a new method to reproduce these types of laughter is proposed and validated using databases of generic and specific facial smile expressions. In particular, a proprietary database of laugh and smile expressions is also presented. This database lists the different types of classified and generated laughs presented in this work. The generated expressions are validated through a user study with 71 subjects, which concluded that the virtual character expressions built using the presented model are perceptually acceptable in quality and facial expression fidelity. Finally, for generalization purposes, an additional analysis shows that the results are independent of the type of virtual character’s appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Mascaró
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Perales
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Varona
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramon Mas
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Hernandez-Rabaza V, Cabrera-Pastor A, Taoro-Gonzalez L, Gonzalez-Usano A, Agusti A, Balzano T, Llansola M, Felipo V. Neuroinflammation increases GABAergic tone and impairs cognitive and motor function in hyperammonemia by increasing GAT-3 membrane expression. Reversal by sulforaphane by promoting M2 polarization of microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:83. [PMID: 27090509 PMCID: PMC4835883 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperammonemia induces neuroinflammation and increases GABAergic tone in the cerebellum which contributes to cognitive and motor impairment in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The link between neuroinflammation and GABAergic tone remains unknown. New treatments reducing neuroinflammation and GABAergic tone could improve neurological impairment. The aims were, in hyperammonemic rats, to assess whether: (a) Enhancing endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms by sulforaphane treatment reduces neuroinflammation and restores learning and motor coordination. (b) Reduction of neuroinflammation by sulforaphane normalizes extracellular GABA and glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway and identify underlying mechanisms. (c) Identify steps by which hyperammonemia-induced microglial activation impairs cognitive and motor function and how sulforaphane restores them. METHODS We analyzed in control and hyperammonemic rats, treated or not with sulforaphane, (a) learning in the Y maze; (b) motor coordination in the beam walking; (c) glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway and extracellular GABA by microdialysis; (d) microglial activation, by analyzing by immunohistochemistry or Western blot markers of pro-inflammatory (M1) (IL-1b, Iba-1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) microglia (Iba1, IL-4, IL-10, Arg1, YM-1); and (e) membrane expression of the GABA transporter GAT-3. RESULTS Hyperammonemia induces activation of astrocytes and microglia in the cerebellum as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Hyperammonemia-induced neuroinflammation is associated with increased membrane expression of the GABA transporter GAT-3, mainly in activated astrocytes. This is also associated with increased extracellular GABA in the cerebellum and with motor in-coordination and impaired learning ability in the Y maze. Sulforaphane promotes polarization of microglia from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, reducing IL-1b and increasing IL-4, IL-10, Arg1, and YM-1 in the cerebellum. This is associated with astrocytes deactivation and normalization of GAT-3 membrane expression, extracellular GABA, glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway, and learning and motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation increases GABAergic tone in the cerebellum by increasing GAT-3 membrane expression. This impairs motor coordination and learning in the Y maze. Sulforaphane could be a new therapeutic approach to improve cognitive and motor function in hyperammonemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and other pathologies associated with neuroinflammation by promoting microglia differentiation from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Hernandez-Rabaza
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Lucas Taoro-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Usano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Ana Agusti
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012 Spain
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