Chen Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yang D. Eu
3+ -Directed Supramolecular Metallogels with Reversible Quadruple-Stimuli Response Behaviors.
Small 2024:e2309542. [PMID:
38221683 DOI:
10.1002/smll.202309542]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Smart luminescent materials that have the ability to reversibly adapt to external environmental stimuli and possess a wide range of responses are continually emerging, which place higher demands on the means of regulation and response sites. Here, europium ions (Eu3+ )-directed supramolecular metallogels are constructed by orthogonal self-assembly of Eu3+ based coordination interactions and hydrogen bonding. A new organic ligand (L) is synthesized, consisting of crown ethers and two flexible amide bonds-linked 1,10-phenanthroline moieties to coordinate with Eu3+ . Synergistic intermolecular hydrogen bonding in L and Eu3+ -L coordination bonding enable Eu3+ and L to self-assemble into shape-persistent 3D coordination metallogels in MeOH solution. The key to success is the utilization of crown ethers, playing dual roles of acting both as building blocks to build L with C2 -symmetrical structure, and as the ideal monomer for increasing the energy transfer from L to Eu3+ 's excited state, thus maintaining the excellent luminescence of metallogels. Interestingly, such assemblies show K+ , pH, F- , and mechano-induced reversible gel-sol transitions and tunable luminescence properties. Above findings are useful in the studies of molecular switches, dynamic assemblies, and smart luminescent materials.
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