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Flynn SJ, Livaudais-Toman J, Kaplan CP, Kerlikowske K, Burke NJ, Pathak S, Karliner LS. Primary Care Physicians' Perceived Barriers to Follow-Up of Abnormal Mammogram Results: Opportunities for Systems-Level Interventions. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:1786-1788. [PMID: 36451017 PMCID: PMC10212882 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Flynn
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Livaudais-Toman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero, Box 0320, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celia P Kaplan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero, Box 0320, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy J Burke
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarita Pathak
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero, Box 0320, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leah S Karliner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero, Box 0320, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA.
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Tan KT, Kim H, Carrot-Zhang J, Zhang Y, Kim WJ, Kugener G, Wala JA, Howard TP, Chi YY, Beroukhim R, Li H, Ha G, Alper SL, Perlman EJ, Mullen EA, Hahn WC, Meyerson M, Hong AL. Haplotype-resolved germline and somatic alterations in renal medullary carcinomas. Genome Med 2021; 13:114. [PMID: 34261517 PMCID: PMC8281718 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal medullary carcinomas (RMCs) are rare kidney cancers that occur in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. Although RMC is associated with the sickle cell trait and somatic loss of the tumor suppressor, SMARCB1, the ancestral origins of RMC remain unknown. Further, characterization of structural variants (SVs) involving SMARCB1 in RMC remains limited. METHODS We used linked-read genome sequencing to reconstruct germline and somatic haplotypes in 15 unrelated patients with RMC registered on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) AREN03B2 study between 2006 and 2017 or from our prior study. We performed fine-mapping of the HBB locus and assessed the germline for cancer predisposition genes. Subsequently, we assessed the tumor samples for mutations outside of SMARCB1 and integrated RNA sequencing to interrogate the structural variants at the SMARCB1 locus. RESULTS We find that the haplotype of the sickle cell mutation in patients with RMC originated from three geographical regions in Africa. In addition, fine-mapping of the HBB locus identified the sickle cell mutation as the sole candidate variant. We further identify that the SMARCB1 structural variants are characterized by blunt or 1-bp homology events. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that RMC does not arise from a single founder population and that the HbS allele is a strong candidate germline allele which confers risk for RMC. Furthermore, we find that the SVs that disrupt SMARCB1 function are likely repaired by non-homologous end-joining. These findings highlight how haplotype-based analyses using linked-read genome sequencing can be applied to identify potential risk variants in small and rare disease cohorts and provide nucleotide resolution to structural variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Tong Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas P Howard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yueh-Yun Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heng Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Aflac Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Foley JW, Zhu C, Jolivet P, Zhu SX, Lu P, Meaney MJ, West RB. Gene expression profiling of single cells from archival tissue with laser-capture microdissection and Smart-3SEQ. Genome Res 2019; 29:1816-1825. [PMID: 31519740 PMCID: PMC6836736 DOI: 10.1101/gr.234807.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a sensitive and accurate method for quantifying gene expression. Small samples or those whose RNA is degraded, such as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, remain challenging to study with nonspecialized RNA-seq protocols. Here, we present a new method, Smart-3SEQ, that accurately quantifies transcript abundance even with small amounts of total RNA and effectively characterizes small samples extracted by laser-capture microdissection (LCM) from FFPE tissue. We also obtain distinct biological profiles from FFPE single cells, which have been impossible to study with previous RNA-seq protocols, and we use these data to identify possible new macrophage phenotypes associated with the tumor microenvironment. We propose Smart-3SEQ as a highly cost-effective method to enable large gene expression profiling experiments unconstrained by sample size and tissue availability. In particular, Smart-3SEQ's compatibility with FFPE tissue unlocks an enormous number of archived clinical samples; combined with LCM it allows unprecedented studies of small cell populations and single cells isolated by their in situ context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Foley
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philippe Jolivet
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Shirley X Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peipei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Oketch SY, Kwena Z, Choi Y, Adewumi K, Moghadassi M, Bukusi EA, Huchko MJ. Perspectives of women participating in a cervical cancer screening campaign with community-based HPV self-sampling in rural western Kenya: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 31196175 PMCID: PMC6567898 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite cervical cancer being preventable with effective screening programs, it is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in many countries in Africa. Screening involving pelvic examination may not be feasible or acceptable in limited-resource settings. We sought to evaluate women's perspectives on human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as part of a larger trial on cervical cancer prevention implementation strategies in rural western Kenya. METHODS We invited 120 women participating in a cluster randomized trial of cervical cancer screening implementation strategies in Migori County, Kenya for in-depth interviews. We explored reasons for testing, experience with and ability to complete HPV self-sampling, importance of clinician involvement during screening, factors and people contributing to screening decision-making, and ways to encourage other women to come for screening. We used validated theoretical frameworks to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS Women reported having positive experiences with the HPV self-sampling strategy. The factors facilitating uptake included knowledge and beliefs such as prior awareness of HPV, personal perception of cervical cancer risk, desire for improved health outcomes, and peer and partner encouragement. Logistical and screening facilitators included confidence in the ability to complete HPV self-sampling strategy, proximity to screening sites and feelings of privacy and comfort conducting the HPV self- sampling. The barriers to screening included fear of need for a pelvic exam, fear of disease and death associated with cervical cancer. We classified these findings as capabilities, opportunities and motivations for health behavior using the COM-B framework. CONCLUSIONS Overall, HPV self-sampling was an acceptable cervical cancer screening strategy that seemed to meet the needs of the women in this community. These findings will further inform aspects of implementation, including outreach messaging, health education, screening sites and emphasis on availability and effectiveness of preventative treatment for women who screen positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Y. Oketch
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840 00200, Mbagathi Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zachary Kwena
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840 00200, Mbagathi Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yujung Choi
- Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Konyin Adewumi
- Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Michelle Moghadassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 3749, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Bukusi
- Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840 00200, Mbagathi Road, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 54840 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University, P. O. Box 30270 00100, Third Avenue, Limuru Rd, Nairobi, Kenya
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, P. O. Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Megan J. Huchko
- Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Box 90519, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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