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Coimbra ES, Antinarelli LMR, de A Crispi M, Nogueira TCM, Pinheiro AC, de Souza MVN. Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Mechanism of Action of 2-Pyrazyl and Pyridylhydrazone Derivatives, New Classes of Antileishmanial Agents. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1387-1394. [PMID: 29790287 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the antileishmanial activity of 23 compounds based on 2-pyrazyl and 2-pyridylhydrazone derivatives. The compounds were tested against the promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and L. braziliensis, murine macrophages, and intracellular L. amazonensis amastigotes. The most potent antileishmanial compound was selected for investigation into its mechanism of action. Among the evaluated compounds, five derivatives [(E)-3-((2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol (2 b), (E)-4-((2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol (2 c), (E)-4-nitro-2-((2-(pyrazin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol (2 s), (E)-2-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)pyrazine (2 u), and (E)-2-(2-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)pyrazine (2 v)] exhibited significant activity against L. amazonensis amastigote forms, with IC50 values below 20 μm. The majority of the compounds did not show any toxic effect on murine macrophages. Preliminary studies on the mode of action of members of this hydrazine-derived series indicate that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of parasite mitochondrial function are important for the pharmacological effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Coimbra
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana M R Antinarelli
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana de A Crispi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Thais C M Nogueira
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Alessandra C Pinheiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Marcus V N de Souza
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68563, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21945-970, Brazil
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