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Ballikaya E, Babadag S, San Keskin NO, Çelebi-Saltik B. The Effects of Grape Seed Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin and Nisin on Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Acta Stomatol Croat 2024; 58:2-17. [PMID: 38562220 PMCID: PMC10981911 DOI: 10.15644/asc58/1/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of "proanthocyanidin" (PA), and "nisin" (Ni), on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and LPS-induced DPSCs as well as their antimicrobial effects against S. aureus and E. coli. Materials and methods After characterization of DPSCs, cytotoxicity of PA and Ni on DPSCs were evaluated using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1). The cytokines and chemokines released by DPSCs and the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF alpha were detected with human Cytokine Array C5 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA), respectively. The antibacterial activities of PA and Ni were tested using the drop plate method. Results PA at 75 μg/ml increased cell viability, decreased TNF-α expression of DPSCs, did not show any cytotoxic effects on LPS-induced DPSCs, and also showed a tendency to decrease TNF-α expression. PA at 75 μg/ml exhibited higher expressions of TIMP-2, OPG, IL-7, and IL-8 in LPS-induced DPSCs compared to DPSCs. Ni at 100 μg/ml decreased TNF-α expression in DPSCs with no cytotoxic effects. It provided increased cell viability and a downregulation trend of TNF-α expression in LPS-induced DPSCs. Both Ni and PA provided strong antibacterial effects against S. aureus. Ni at 200μg/ml had strong antibacterial effects against E. coli without affecting negatively the viability of both DPSCs and LPS-induced DPSCs and showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing TNF-α expression. PA provided strong antibacterial effects against E. coli at 200 μg/ml but affected DPSCs viability negatively. Conclusion PA and Ni at specific concentrations exhibited immunomodulatory activity on DPSCs and LPS-induced DPSCs without any cytotoxic effects and strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ballikaya
- Department of Oral and Dental Health Research, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sena Babadag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nalan Oya San Keskin
- Polatlı Science and Literature Faculty, Nanosan Laboratory, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Oral and Dental Health Research, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang T, Wu Z, Ng G, Boyer C. Design of an Oxygen-Tolerant Photo-RAFT System for Protein-Polymer Conjugation Achieving High Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309582. [PMID: 37591792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates have significant potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. To enable their widespread use, robust conjugation techniques are crucial. This study introduces a photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (Photo-RAFT) polymerization system that exhibits excellent oxygen tolerance. This system allows for the synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates with high bioactivity under mild and aerobic conditions. Three photocatalytic systems utilizing Eosin Y (EY) as the photocatalyst with two different cocatalysts (ascorbic acid and triethanolamine) were investigated, each generating distinct reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. The impact of these ROS on three model proteins (lysozyme, albumin, and myoglobin) was evaluated, demonstrating varying bioactivities based on the ROS produced. The EY/TEOA system was identified as the optimal photo-RAFT initiating system, enabling the preparation of protein-polymer conjugates under aerobic conditions while maintaining high protein enzymatic activity. To showcase the potential of this approach, lysozyme-poly(dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) conjugates were successfully prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial property against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and UNSW RNA Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wi YM, Kwon KT, Hwang S, Bae S, Kim Y, Chang HH, Kim SW, Cheong HS, Lee S, Jung DS, Sohn KM, Moon C, Heo ST, Kim B, Lee MS, Hur J, Kim J, Yoon YK. Use of Antibiotics Within the Last 14 Days of Life in Korean Patients: A Nationwide Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e66. [PMID: 36880107 PMCID: PMC9988432 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial prescriptions for serious chronic or acute illness nearing its end stages raise concerns about the potential for futile use, adverse events, increased multidrug-resistant organisms, and significant patient and social cost burdens. This study investigated the nationwide situation of how antibiotics are prescribed to patients during the last 14 days of life to guide future actions. METHODS This nationwide multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at 13 hospitals in South Korea from November 1 to December 31, 2018. All decedents were included in the study. Antibiotic use during the last two weeks of their lives was investigated. RESULTS A total of 1,201 (88.9%) patients received a median of two antimicrobial agents during the last two weeks of their lives. Carbapenems were prescribed to approximately half of the patients (44.4%) in the highest amount (301.2 days of therapy per 1,000 patient-days). Among the patients receiving antimicrobial agents, 63.6% were inappropriate and only 327 patients (27.2%) were referred by infectious disease specialists. The use of carbapenem (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.03; P = 0.006), underlying cancer (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.20-2.01, P = 0.047), underlying cerebrovascular disease (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.23-2.89, P = 0.004), and no microbiological testing (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.15-2.73; P = 0.010) were independent predictors for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSION A considerable number of antimicrobial agents are administered to patients with chronic or acute illnesses nearing their end-of-life, a high proportion of which are prescribed inappropriately. Consultation with an infectious disease specialist, in addition to an antimicrobial stewardship program, may be necessary to induce the optimal use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Wi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Soyoon Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sohyun Bae
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae Suk Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Sik Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chisook Moon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Bongyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shahrami B, Sharif M, Sefidani Forough A, Najmeddin F, Arabzadeh AA, Mojtahedzadeh M. Antibiotic therapy in sepsis: No next time for a second chance! J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:872-876. [PMID: 33710622 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Appropriate antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of sepsis and septic shock management. COMMENT Although the early initiation of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of sepsis is widely acknowledged, the selection and adjustment to optimal dosage can be equally important. Since significant pathophysiological changes in the critically ill patients lead to altered pharmacokinetics of antibiotics, early consideration of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties is necessary for optimal antibiotic dosing in sepsis and should be integrated in practice. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Where possible, an individualized antibiotic dosing approach through the application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service should replace the conventional dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis. Finally, antimicrobial stewardship can help improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Shahrami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharif
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Sefidani Forough
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Farhad Najmeddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Arabzadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nezamabadi V, Akhgar MR, Tahamipour B, Rajaei P. Biosynthesis and Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles by Artemisia aucheri Extract. Iran J Biotechnol 2020; 18:e2426. [PMID: 33542941 PMCID: PMC7856401 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.151379.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Green approach to nanoparticles, including metal oxides Because of an inevitable disadvantage of physical or chemical synthesis routes is attractive nowadays. ZnO nanoparticles play a key role in the medicals and drugs area. Objectives In this study, biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with new approach to enhanced the Antimicrobial properties against gram-negative and gram-positive was performed by use of a new type of plant extract, Artemisia aucheri, in an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, simple procedure way. Materials and Methods By adding Zn(NO3)2 to A. aucheri methanol extract followed by stirring The resulted solution and final heat treatment in 200 °C the ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized. Disc diffusion method was applied to evaluation the Antimicrobial properties of the extract and nanoparticles towards resistance into Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive). Results X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) result showed all of the peaks proportion to ZnO and no other peaks were detected, also demonstrated nanostructure nature with crystallite size about 9 nm. In the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), there is a band in the 550 cm-1 which is corresponded to ZnO. Also 76 nm average particle size obtained by DLS experiments. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed strong peaks for Zn and O, support supposition of ZnO nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images indicated spherical rounded particles with the size of average 30 nm. Antibacterial tests showed effective diameter about 11 and 10 mm for plant extract and also 7 and 5 mm for ZnO nanoparticles against E. coli (gram-negative) and S. aureus (gram-positive) in agar disc diffusion method, respectively. Conclusions Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles could be a good candidate for antibacterial activity, both against E. coli (gram-negative) and S. aureus (gram-positive) especially for versus E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Nezamabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Akhgar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Batool Tahamipour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Peyman Rajaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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Hassan KS, Al-Khadouri G. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia with Worsening Pleural Effusion Despite Treatment with Appropriate Antimicrobials: Case report. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018; 18:e239-e242. [PMID: 30210860 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2018.18.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. As M. pneumoniae pneumonia is usually a mild and self-limiting disease, complications such as pleural effusion occur only rarely. We report a 22-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Medicine Department of the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2017 with an eight-day history of fever associated with coughing, chills and rigors. She was diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia, but subsequently developed pleural effusion which worsened despite treatment with appropriate antimicrobials. The pleural effusion required drainage, which revealed that it was of the more severe exudative type. Following drainage, the patient improved dramatically. She was discharged and advised to continue taking antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowthar S Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ghalib Al-Khadouri
- Medicine Residency Programme, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
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Garcell HG, Arias AV, Fernandez EA, Guerrero YB, Serrano RNA. Antibiotic Consumption During a 4-year Period in a Community Hospital with an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. Oman Med J 2016; 31:352-6. [PMID: 27602189 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the trend of antibiotic consumption in patients admitted to a community hospital in Qatar with an antimicrobial stewardship program. METHODS This observational study was carried out in a 75-bed facility in Western Qatar over a 4-year period (2012-2015). The monitoring of antimicrobial consumption from inpatient wards was performed from the pharmacy records and presented as defined daily dose (DDD) divided by the patient days and expressed as 100 bed-days (DBD). RESULTS The consumption of antimicrobials in 2012 was 171.3 DBD, and increased to 252.7 DBD in 2013, 229.1 DBD in 2014, and 184.7 DBD in 2015. Cephalosporins use reduced from 98.2 DBD in 2013 to 51.5 DBD in 2015 while the consumption of penicillins increased during the beginning of 2014 with a slight decrease in 2015. Carbapenems consumption during 2014-2015 was lower than previous years, and vice-versa for aminoglycosides. Fluoroquinolones had a sustained increase with 37.1% increased consumption in 2015 compared to the two previous years. There was an increase in the use of intravenous (IV) (108.5%) and oral azithromycin (55.1%) and the use of oral (152.8%) and IV moxifloxacin (22.9%). CONCLUSIONS We observed a decrease in antibiotic use in patients admitted to a community hospital with an antimicrobial stewardship program, but the increase in fluoroquinolones consumption is a concern that requires focused strategies.
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Sharafati Chaleshtori R, Rafieian Kopaei M, Salehi E. Bioactivity of Apium petroselinum and Portulaca oleracea Essential Oils as Natural Preservatives. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e20128. [PMID: 25973158 PMCID: PMC4426161 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3615550021, E-mail:
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Elham Salehi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Aliakbarzade K, Farajnia S, Karimi Nik A, Zarei F, Tanomand A. Prevalence of Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e11924. [PMID: 25632323 PMCID: PMC4295313 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.11924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections and is resistant to most available antibiotics. Aminoglycosides remain as drugs of choice for treatment of Acinetobacter infections yet resistance to aminoglycosides has increased in the recent years. Objectives: The present study investigated the prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in A. baumannii strains isolated from patients of Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 103 Acinetobacter isolates were collected from Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz University of medical sciences. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents including cephalosporins, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, colistin and polymyxin, were evaluated by the disc diffusion method. The frequency of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes encoding genes aacC1, aphA6, aadA1 and aadB was analyzed by the PCR method. Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis showed that the highest resistance was towards beta−lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins whereas the highest sensitivity was observed towards colistin (77%) and polymyxin (84%). The resistance rate to aminoglycosides was 81%, 86% and 63% for amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin, respectively. The PCR results showed that among the 103 A. baumannii isolates, 56 (65.11 %) were positive for aacC1, 52 (60.46 %) for aphA6, 24 (27.9 %) for aadA1 and 16 (18.6 %) for aadB resistant genes. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes are prevalent in A. baumannii isolates in the study region, which highlighted the necessity of considering preventive measures to control dissemination of these resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayun Aliakbarzade
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Safar Farajnia, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98−9143018589 Fax: +98-4113363231, E-mail:
| | - Ashraf Karimi Nik
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zarei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Asghar Tanomand
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Bakhshi B, Eftekhari N, Pourshafie MR. Genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance among intestinal bacteria. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e9924. [PMID: 25147720 PMCID: PMC4138638 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.9924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrons are the major reasons of multidrug resistance (MDR) among enteropathogenic bacteria. Occurrence of horizontal gene transfer between integron-carrying microorganisms and other enteric bacteria may increase the rate of emergence of integron-associated antibiotic resistance. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate class 1 integrons among members of enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 enteropathogenic bacterial isolates from diarrhoeal patients were included in this study. Identities of the isolates were investigated by biochemical tests and confirmed by genus or species specific PCRs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Presence of class 1 integron among the isolates was investigated using primers specific for the integrase gene conserved region. Results: The result of this study showed the highest resistance to trimethoprim and cotrimoxazole, especially in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (100%), Shigella sonnei (93.7%) and Vibrio cholerae (95%). The results showed that 16 (57.1%) of the 28 EPEC, 9 (25%) of the 36 Salmonella enterica, 32 of the 13 (40.6%) Sh. sonnei, and only 1 (4.2%) of the 24 V. cholerae isolate harbored class 1 integron. Conclusions: The data obtained in the present study suggested that class 1 integrons are widely distributed among members of Enterobacteriaceae. The resistance patterns of our E. coli, S. sonnei, and S. enterica isolates were nearly identical, suggesting the same genetic elements involved in attainment of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Bita Bakhshi, Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave., Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182884558, Fax: +98-2182884555, E-mail:
| | - Nazanin Eftekhari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Bolhari B, Bahador A, Assadian H, Dehghan S. Residual Antimicrobial Activity of MTAD(®) in Human Dentin After Obturation with Gutta-Percha/AH26 and Resilon/RealSeal SE at Different Time Intervals; An Ex Vivo Study. J Dent (Tehran) 2014; 11:30-7. [PMID: 24910674 PMCID: PMC4037264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To eliminate microorganisms that are responsible for pulpal and periapical infections and to prevent reinfection of the root canal system an effective chemomechanical preparation by irrigants with sustained antimicrobial activity is beneficial. Hereby, we evaluated the residual antibacterial activity of MTAD after canal obturation at different time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 human single-canalled anterior teeth were selected. The root canals were instrumented to a standardized apical size. Among all, 90 teeth received final irrigation with MTAD and were divided into three groups according to their obturation materials; i.e. gutta-percha/AH26, Resilon/RealSeal SE and positive controls. All these groups were divided into three 1-, 3- and 6-week time interval subgroups. Thirty teeth as negative control had no final irrigation with MTAD, but were obturated with gutta-percha/AH26 or Resilon/RealSealSE. Dentin powder was prepared after 1, 3 and 6 weeks. Dentin powder was exposed to Enterococcus faecalis for 24h and then cultured. Colony Forming Unit (CFU) was counted. RESULTS Residual antimicrobial activity of MTAD in the teeth obturated with guttapercha/AH26 was significantly higher than the teeth obturated with Resilon/RealSeal SE (p<0.001). It also showed a time dependent decrease in MTAD antimicrobial activity for all groups. The highest antimicrobial activity of MTAD was found in the 1-week positive control and 1-week gutta-percha/AH26 specimens. The lowest antimicrobial activity of MTAD was found in 6-week Resilon/RealSeal SE samples and then the negative controls. CONCLUSION MTAD had antimicrobial activity even at the sixth week, although it had a time-dependent decrease. Resilon/Epiphany SE significantly decreased antimicrobial activity of MTAD at all time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Bolhari
- Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Research Institute, Department of Endodontics, Dental school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Assadian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Dental school, sShahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Dehghan
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: S. Dehghan, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Jyothi KS, Seshagiri M. In-vitro activity of saponins of bauhinia purpurea, madhuca longifolia, celastrus paniculatus and semecarpus anacardium on selected oral pathogens. J Dent (Tehran) 2012; 9:216-23. [PMID: 23323183 PMCID: PMC3536456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries, periodontitis and other mucosal diseases are caused by a complex community of microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of saponins of four important oil yielding medicinal plant extracts on selected oral pathogens that are involved in such diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saponins were extracted from Bauhinia purpurea, Madhuca longifolia, Celastrus paniculatus and Semecarpus anacardium and purified. Antimicrobial properties of these saponins against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined using well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as the lowest concentration of saponins inhibiting bacterial growth after 14 h of incubation at 37°C. The bactericidal activity was evaluated using the viable cell count method. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Madhuca longifolia saponin on Streptococcus mutans MTCC 890, Streptococcus mitis and Staphylococcus aureus was 18.3 ± 0.15/34.4 ± 0.24 μg/ml, 19.0 ± 0.05/32.2 ± 0.0 μg/ml and 21.2 ± 0.35/39.0 ± 0.30 μg/ml, respectively and Bauhinia purpurea saponin on Streptococcus mutans MTCC 890, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus acidophilus was 26.4 ± 0.20/43.0 ± 0.40 μg/ml, 29.0 ± 0.30/39.6 ± 0.12 μg/ml and 20.2 ± 0.05/36.8 ± 0.23 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION The strong antimicrobial activity of Madhuca longifolia and Bauhinia purpurea may be due to the presence of complex triterpenoid saponins, oleanane type triterpenoid glycosides or atypical pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin. Hence, these extracted saponins may be used in food and oral products to prevent and control oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Jyothi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr HSRSM Dental college, Hingoli, affiliated to Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, India
| | - M. Seshagiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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