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Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Demory Beckler M, Poulin EJ, Walsh AJ, Skala MC, McKinley ET, Manning HC, Hight MR, Schulte ML, Watt KR, Ayers GD, Wolf MM, Andrejeva G, Rathmell JC, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Mutant KRAS Exosomes Alter the Metabolic State of Recipient Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:627-629.e6. [PMID: 29930982 PMCID: PMC6009797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Key Words
- 18F-FSPG, (S)-4-(3-[18F]-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid
- Apc, adenomatous polyposis coli
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DLD-1, Daniel L. Dexter derived 1
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1
- KO, knockout
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- NADH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dennis K. Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily J. Poulin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alex J. Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew R. Hight
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael L. Schulte
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly R. Watt
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - G. Daniel Ayers
- Biostatistics Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M. Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gabriela Andrejeva
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey L. Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Corresponding author:
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Wang L, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Qu X. Heterozygous deletion of ATG5 in Apc(Min/+) mice promotes intestinal adenoma growth and enhances the antitumor efficacy of interferon-gamma. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:383-91. [PMID: 25695667 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2014.1002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy related gene 5 (ATG5) was lost in 23% of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of loss of ATG5 in the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear. Knockdown of ATG5 in cancer cells enhances the antitumor efficacy of lots of chemotherapeutic agents. However, there is still no animal model to validate these in vitro observations in vivo. In this study, we found that heterozygous deletion of ATG5 in Apc(Min/+) mice increased the number and size of adenomas as compared with those in Apc(Min/+)ATG5(+/+) mice. To investigate whether ATG5 deficiency could sensitize tumors to chemotherapies, we compared the antitumor effects of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) between Apc(Min/+)ATG5(+/+) and Apc(Min/+)ATG5(+/-) mice, as IFN-γ is a potential tumor suppressor for CRC and has been used clinically as an efficient adjuvant to chemotherapy of cancer. We revealed that heterozygous deletion of ATG5 significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of IFN-γ. Early treatment of Apc(Min/+)ATG5(+/-) mice with IFN-γ decreased tumor incidence rate to 16.7% and reduced the number of adenomas by 95.5% and late treatment led to regression of tumor. Moreover, IFN-γ treatment did not cause any evident toxic reaction. Mechanistic analysis revealed that heterozygous deletion of ATG5 activated EGFR/ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in adenomas of Apc(Min/+) mice and enhanced the effects of IFN-γ-dependent inhibition of these 2 pathways. Our results demonstrate that ATG5 plays important roles in intestinal tumor growth and combination of IFN-γ and ATG5 deficiency or ATG5-targeted inhibition is a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- ATG5
- ATG5, autophagy related gene 5
- Apc, adenomatous polyposis coli
- ApcMin/+ mouse
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- IFN-γ
- IFN-γ, Interferon-gamma
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- colorectal cancer
- heterozygous deletion
- intestinal adenoma
- siRNAs, small interfering RNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences ; Shandong University ; Jinan , Shandong , China
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Abstract
Epithelial cells are tightly coupled together through specialized intercellular junctions, including adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions. A growing body of evidence suggests epithelial cells also directly exchange information at cell-cell contacts via the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-associated ephrin ligands. Ligand-dependent and -independent signaling via Eph receptors as well as reverse signaling through ephrins impact epithelial tissue homeostasis by organizing stem cell compartments and regulating cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and survival. This review focuses on breast, gut, and skin epithelia as representative examples for how Eph receptors and ephrins modulate diverse epithelial cell responses in a context-dependent manner. Abnormal Eph receptor and ephrin signaling is implicated in a variety of epithelial diseases raising the intriguing possibility that this cell-cell communication pathway can be therapeutically harnessed to normalize epithelial function in pathological settings like cancer or chronic inflammation.
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Key Words
- ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloprotease
- Apc, adenomatous polyposis coli
- Breast
- ER, estrogen receptor
- Eph receptor
- Eph, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular
- Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- KLF, Krüppel-like factor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMTV-LTR, mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat
- MT1-MMP, membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase
- PDZ, postsynaptic density protein 95, discs large 1, and zonula occludens-1
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SH2, Src homology 2
- SHIP2, SH2 inositol phosphatase 2
- SLAP, Src-like adaptor protein
- TCF, T-cell specific transcription factor
- TEB, terminal end bud
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α.
- cell-cell
- ephrin
- epithelial
- intestine
- receptor tyrosine kinase
- skin
- stem cell
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