Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Is Associated with 18F-SMBT-1 PET: Two Putative
Astrocyte Reactivity Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease.
J Alzheimers Dis 2023;
92:615-628. [PMID:
36776057 PMCID:
PMC10041433 DOI:
10.3233/jad-220908]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Astrocyte reactivity is an early event along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), posited to reflect astrocyte reactivity, is elevated across the AD continuum from preclinical to dementia stages. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is also elevated in reactive astrocytes observed using 18F-SMBT-1 PET in AD.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the abovementioned astrocyte reactivity biomarkers.
METHODS
Plasma GFAP and Aβ were measured using the Simoa ® platform in participants who underwent brain 18F-SMBT-1 and Aβ-PET imaging, comprising 54 healthy control (13 Aβ-PET+ and 41 Aβ-PET-), 11 mild cognitively impaired (3 Aβ-PET+ and 8 Aβ-PET-) and 6 probable AD (5 Aβ-PET+ and 1 Aβ-PET-) individuals. Linear regressions were used to assess associations of interest.
RESULTS
Plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in brain regions prone to early Aβ deposition in AD, such as the supramarginal gyrus (SG), posterior cingulate (PC), lateral temporal (LT) and lateral occipital cortex (LO). After adjusting for age, sex, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and soluble Aβ (plasma Aβ 42/40 ratio), plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in the SG, PC, LT, LO, and superior parietal cortex (SP). On adjusting for age, sex, APOE ɛ4 genotype and insoluble Aβ (Aβ-PET), plasma GFAP was associated with 18F-SMBT-1 signal in the SG.
CONCLUSION
There is an association between plasma GFAP and regional 18F-SMBT-1 PET, and this association appears to be dependent on brain Aβ load.
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