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Dullah S, Hazarika DJ, Parveen A, Kakoti M, Borgohain T, Gautom T, Bhattacharyya A, Barooah M, Boro RC. Fungal interactions induce changes in hyphal morphology and enzyme production. Mycology 2021; 12:279-295. [PMID: 34900382 PMCID: PMC8654418 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1932627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, species interacts/competes with one other within their surrounding for food and space and the type of interactions are unique to each species. The interacting partners secrete different metabolites, which may have high importance in human welfare. Fungal-fungal interactions are complex mechanisms that need better understanding. Here, 14 fungal isolates were facilitated in 105 possible combinations to interact on potato dextrose agar. Morphologically, no changes were observed when the same fungal isolates were allowed to interact within them. However, 10 interactions between different fungal isolates showed mutual replacement with each fungus; capturing territory from the other. Contrastingly, 35 interactions resulted into complete replacement as one of the fungi was inhibited by rapid growth of the other fungus. In 46 interactions, formation of barrage was observed leading to deadlock type of interaction wherein both fungi have restricted growth. To study in details about the barrage formation, two fungal interactions were taken (i) T. coccinea vs. L. lactinea and (ii) T. coccinea vs. T. versicolor. Microscopic changes in the hyphal growth during interaction were observed. There was significant increase in the enzymatic activities including cellulase, xylanase and chitinase during in-vitro fungal-fungal interaction, suggesting the importance of such interactions for commercial enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Dullah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Assma Parveen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Merilin Kakoti
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Tanushree Borgohain
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Trishnamoni Gautom
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.,Royal School of Bio-Sciences, Royal Global University, Guwahati, India
| | - Ashok Bhattacharyya
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Madhumita Barooah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Robin Chandra Boro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Ujor VC, Adukwu EC, Okonkwo CC. Fungal wars: The underlying molecular repertoires of combating mycelia. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:191-202. [PMID: 29551193 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-self contact between fungi elicits strong morphological and biochemical reactions in the mycelia of interacting species. Although these reactions appear to be species- and interaction-specific, some responses such as pigmentation, increased secretion of phenol-oxidases, barrage formation and sealing of the mycelia front are common responses in most interactions. Hence, some species recruit similar molecular machineries in response to non-self. Increasing number of fully sequenced and annotated fungal genomes and advances in genome-wide and global proteome analytical tools now allow researchers to use techniques such as RNA sequencing, micro and macroarray analysis, 2-dimensional protein gel profiling, and differential display of mRNA to probe the underlying molecular mechanisms of combative mycelial interactions. This review provides an overview of the genes and proteins found to be differentially expressed in conflicting fungal mycelia by the use of 'omics' tools. Connections between observed gene and protein repertoires of competing mycelia and the attendant morphological and biochemical changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Ujor
- Bioenergy and Biological Waste Management Program, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, 1328 Dover Road, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Emmanuel C Adukwu
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Cold Harbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C Okonkwo
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
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