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Wnuk M, Del Sol-Fernández S, Błoniarz D, Słaby J, Szmatoła T, Żebrowski M, Martínez-Vicente P, Litwinienko G, Moros M, Lewińska A. Design of a Magnetic Nanoplatform Based on CD26 Targeting and HSP90 Inhibition for Apoptosis and Ferroptosis-Mediated Elimination of Senescent Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39631769 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells, a hallmark of aging and age-related diseases, is also considered as a side effect of anticancer therapies, promoting drug resistance and leading to treatment failure. The use of senolytics, selective inducers of cell death in senescent cells, is a promising pharmacological antiaging and anticancer approach. However, more studies are needed to overcome the limitations of first-generation senolytics by the design of targeted senolytics and nanosenolytics and the validation of their usefulness in biological systems. In the present study, we have designed a nanoplatform composed of iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with an antibody against a cell surface marker of senescent cells (CD26), and loaded with the senolytic drug HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG (MNP@CD26@17D). We have documented its action against oxidative stress-induced senescent human fibroblasts, WI-38 and BJ cells, and anticancer drug-induced senescent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells, demonstrating for the first time that CD26 is a valid marker of senescence in cancer cells. A dual response to MNP@CD26@17D stimulation in senescent cells was revealed, namely, apoptosis-based early response (2 h treatment) and ferroptosis-based late response (24 h treatment). MNP@CD26@17D-mediated ferroptosis might be executed by ferritinophagy as judged by elevated levels of the ferritinophagy marker NCOA4 and a decreased pool of ferritin. As 24 h treatment with MNP@CD26@17D did not induce hemolysis in human erythrocytes in vitro, this newly designed nanoplatform could be considered as an optimal multifunctional tool to target and eliminate senescent cells of skin origin, overcoming their apoptosis resistance.
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Suzuki Y, Kawasaki T, Tatsumi K, Okaya T, Sato S, Shimada A, Misawa T, Hatano R, Morimoto C, Kasuya Y, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Suzuki T. Transcriptome Analysis of Fibroblasts in Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Remodeling: Functional Roles of CD26/DPP4. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12599. [PMID: 39684311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary vascular remodeling is characterized by the emergence of activated adventitial fibroblasts, leading to medial smooth muscle hyperplasia. Previous studies have suggested that CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) plays a crucial role in the pathobiological processes in lung diseases. However, its role in pulmonary fibroblasts in hypoxic PH remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the mechanistic role of CD26/DPP4 in lung fibroblasts in hypoxic PH. Dpp4 knockout (Dpp4 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to hypoxia for 4 weeks. The degree of PH severity and medial wall thickness was augmented in Dpp4 KO mice compared with that in WT mice, suggesting that CD26/DPP4 plays a suppressive role in the development of hypoxic PH. Transcriptome analysis of human lung fibroblasts cultured under hypoxic conditions revealed that TGFB2, TGFB3, and TGFA were all upregulated as differentially expressed genes after DPP4 knockdown with small interfering RNA treatment. These results suggest that CD26/DPP4 plays a suppressive role in TGFβ signal-regulated fibroblast activation under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, CD26/DPP4 may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with PH associated with chronic hypoxia.
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Arellano NS, Elf SE. Predicting drug resistance. eLife 2024; 13:e103775. [PMID: 39503728 PMCID: PMC11540300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.103775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A new approach helps examine the proportion of cancerous and healthy stem cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and how this influences treatment outcomes.
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Warfvinge R, Geironson Ulfsson L, Dhapola P, Safi F, Sommarin M, Soneji S, Hjorth-Hansen H, Mustjoki S, Richter J, Thakur RK, Karlsson G. Single-cell multiomics analysis of chronic myeloid leukemia links cellular heterogeneity to therapy response. eLife 2024; 12:RP92074. [PMID: 39503729 PMCID: PMC11540304 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a paradigm in molecularly targeted cancer therapy. Nonetheless, TKI-insensitive leukemia stem cells (LSCs) persist in most patients even after years of treatment and are imperative for disease progression as well as recurrence during treatment-free remission (TFR). Here, we have generated high-resolution single-cell multiomics maps from CML patients at diagnosis, retrospectively stratified by BCR::ABL1IS (%) following 12 months of TKI therapy. Simultaneous measurement of global gene expression profiles together with >40 surface markers from the same cells revealed that each patient harbored a unique composition of stem and progenitor cells at diagnosis. The patients with treatment failure after 12 months of therapy had a markedly higher abundance of molecularly defined primitive cells at diagnosis compared to the optimal responders. The multiomic feature landscape enabled visualization of the primitive fraction as a mixture of molecularly distinct BCR::ABL1+ LSCs and BCR::ABL1-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in variable ratio across patients, and guided their prospective isolation by a combination of CD26 and CD35 cell surface markers. We for the first time show that BCR::ABL1+ LSCs and BCR::ABL1- HSCs can be distinctly separated as CD26+CD35- and CD26-CD35+, respectively. In addition, we found the ratio of LSC/HSC to be higher in patients with prospective treatment failure compared to optimal responders, at diagnosis as well as following 3 months of TKI therapy. Collectively, this data builds a framework for understanding therapy response and adapting treatment by devising strategies to extinguish or suppress TKI-insensitive LSCs.
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Vázquez-Mera S, Martelo-Vidal L, Miguéns-Suárez P, Bravo SB, Saavedra-Nieves P, Arias P, Ferreiro-Posse A, Vázquez-Lago J, Salgado FJ, González-Barcala FJ, Nieto-Fontarigo JJ. Exploring CD26-/lo subpopulations of lymphocytes in asthma phenotype and severity: A novel CD4 + T cell subset expressing archetypical granulocyte proteins. Allergy 2024; 79:3005-3021. [PMID: 39319599 DOI: 10.1111/all.16327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma pathology may induce changes in naïve/memory lymphocyte proportions assessable through the evaluation of surface CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DPP4) levels. Our aim was to investigate the association of asthma phenotype/severity with the relative frequency of CD26-/lo, CD26int and CD26hi subsets within different lymphocyte populations. METHODS The proportion of CD26-/lo, CD26int and CD26hi subsets within CD4+ effector T cells (Teff), total CD4- lymphocytes, γδ-T cells, NK cells and NKT cells was measured in peripheral blood samples from healthy (N = 30) and asthma (N = 119) donors with different phenotypes/severities by flow cytometry. We performed K-means clustering analysis and further characterised the CD4+CD26-/lo Teff cell subset by LC-MS/MS and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Cluster analysis including clinical and flow cytometry data resulted in four groups, two of them with opposite inflammatory profiles (neutrophilic vs. eosinophilic). Neutrophilic asthma presented reduced CD4-CD26hi cells, which negatively correlated with systemic inflammation. Eosinophilic asthma displayed a general expansion of CD26-/lo subsets. Specifically, CD4+CD26-/lo Teff expansion was confirmed in asthma, especially in atopic patients. Proteomic characterisation of this subset with a TEM/TEMRA phenotype revealed upregulated levels of innate (e.g. MPO and RNASE2) and cytoskeleton/extracellular matrix (e.g. MMP9 and ACTN1) proteins. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed the presence of atypical proteins for CD4+ T cells, and an enrichment in 'flower-like' nuclei and MMP9/RNASE2 levels in CD4+CD26-/lo Teff compared to CD4+ T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION There is an association between CD26 levels in different lymphocyte subsets and asthma phenotype/severity. CD4+CD26-/loTEMRA cells expressing innate proteins specific to eosinophils/neutrophils could be determinant in sustaining long-term inflammation in adult allergic asthma.
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Chaudhary N, Rahman K, Gupta P, Gupta R, Sarkar MK, Singh MK, Chandra D, Kumar S, Kashyap R. Peripheral blood quantitation of CD26 positive leukemic stem cells as a predictor of tyrosine kinase inhibitor response in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2024; 46:862-868. [PMID: 38711332 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the transcriptionally low/silent cells which are resistant to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor. These have been found to play a pivotal role in disease relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases. The present study evaluated the correlation of absolute CML-LSC count in the peripheral blood (PB) at diagnosis and achievement of major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months in patients of CML-CP. METHODS This was a prospective, observational, non-interventional single center study including newly diagnosed adult (>18 yrs) CML-CP patients. Absolute CD26 + CML-LSC quantification was done by multiparametric flow cytometry. Patients were treated with Imatinib treatment and subsequently monitored at 3-month intervals for BCR::ABL transcript levels. MMR was defined as a BCR::ABL1 transcript level of less than 0.1% on international scale. RESULTS A total of 89 patients were enrolled in the study out of which 40.5% achieved MMR at 12 months. There was a significant difference in the median absolute CML-LSC count of the patients who achieved MMR at 12 months as compared to those who did not (58.5 vs 368.1 cells/μL; p value <0.001). Using a ROC analysis, a count of <165.69 CML LSC/μL was identified to have a sensitivity of 83.8% and specificity of 72.4%, in predicting the MMR at 12 months. CONCLUSION Absolute CML-LSC count at diagnosis in the PB predicts the MMR achievement at 12 months. An absolute count of less than 165 cells/μL is highly predictive of achieving MMR at 12 months.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Male
- Adult
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/blood
- Prospective Studies
- Aged
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
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Lorusso B, Nogara A, Fioretzaki R, Corradini E, Bove R, Roti G, Gherli A, Montanaro A, Monica G, Cavazzini F, Bonomini S, Graiani G, Silini EM, Gnetti L, Pilato FP, Cerasoli G, Quaini F, Lagrasta CAM. CD26 Is Differentially Expressed throughout the Life Cycle of Infantile Hemangiomas and Characterizes the Proliferative Phase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9760. [PMID: 39337249 PMCID: PMC11432178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are benign vascular neoplasms of childhood (prevalence 5-10%) due to the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells. IHs are characterized by a peculiar natural life cycle enclosing three phases: proliferative (≤12 months), involuting (≥13 months), and involuted (up to 4-7 years). The mechanisms underlying this neoplastic disease still remain uncovered. Twenty-seven IH tissue specimens (15 proliferative and 12 involuting) were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and a panel of diagnostic markers by immunohistochemistry. WT1, nestin, CD133, and CD26 were also analyzed. Moreover, CD31pos/CD26pos proliferative hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) were freshly isolated, exposed to vildagliptin (a DPP-IV/CD26 inhibitor), and tested for cell survival and proliferation by MTT assay, FACS analysis, and Western blot assay. All IHs displayed positive CD31, GLUT1, WT1, and nestin immunostaining but were negative for D2-40. Increased endothelial cell proliferation in IH samples was documented by ki67 labeling. All endothelia of proliferative IHs were positive for CD26 (100%), while only 10 expressed CD133 (66.6%). Surprisingly, seven involuting IH samples (58.3%) exhibited coexisting proliferative and involuting aspects in the same hemangiomatous lesion. Importantly, proliferative areas were characterized by CD26 immunolabeling, at variance from involuting sites that were always CD26 negative. Finally, in vitro DPP-IV pharmacological inhibition by vildagliptin significantly reduced Hem-ECs proliferation through the modulation of ki67 and induced cell cycle arrest associated with the upregulation of p21 protein expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that CD26 might represent a reliable biomarker to detect proliferative sites and unveil non-regressive IHs after a 12-month life cycle.
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Gravenmier C, Song J, Shao H. Implicit Flow Cytometric Diagnosis of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Using CD3 +CD4 +CD26- T-Cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25096. [PMID: 39235202 PMCID: PMC11484709 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometry is not routinely performed in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). METHODS Fourteen cases of CHL and 132 cases of the control group were studied by 10-color flow cytometry, with markers including CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, and CD26, as well as calculated parameters such as the CD4:CD8 ratio, percent CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells of CD3+CD4+ T-cells, percent CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells of total events, CD7 coefficient of variation among CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells, and CD7 median fluorescence intensity of CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells relative to CD3+CD8+ T-cells. RESULTS CHL cases showed a median percent CD3+CD4+CD26- of CD3+CD4+ T-cells of 72.3% with range from 41.1% to 94.4%, median percent CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells of total events of 17.4% with range from 4.6% to 52.5%, CD7 coefficient of variation among CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells less than 100%, and CD7 median fluorescence intensity of CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells relative to CD3+CD8+ T-cells of 1.7 with range from 0.4 to 3.5. In the control group, every entity showed some degree of overlap with CHL in terms of these parameters. A "Hodgkin score" was thus constructed to enhance separation of CHL from other entities. A threshold Hodgkin score of 15.35 achieved a sensitivity of 78.6% and specificity of 96.2% in the diagnosis of CHL. Incorporating the Hodgkin score into a simple algorithm raises the specificity to 100%. CONCLUSION In this study, we used flow cytometry to demonstrate increased CD3+CD4+CD26- T-cells in CHL, and derived a Hodgkin score for the diagnosis of CHL.
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Georvasili V, Markopoulos G, Lampri E, Lianos G, Vartholomatos G, Mitsis M, Bali C. Could Flow Cytometry Provide New Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer? J Clin Med 2024; 13:4753. [PMID: 39200895 PMCID: PMC11355755 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still accompanied by significant mortality, which poses the necessity of novel markers to predict treatment success and patient survival. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic and survival impact of flowytometry (FC) in CRC patients. Methods: In this prospective study, 106 surgically resectable CRC patients were included. Tissue specimens from tumor and normal mucosa were collected and analyzed by FC. DNA and tumor index were calculated. In a subgroup of 46 patients, the CD26 expression on tumor cells was estimated. These parameters were compared with patients' tumor characteristics as stage, histology data, responsiveness to treatment, metastasis/recurrence, and, finally, patients' survival to identify possible new biomarkers. Results: The overall survival and the disease-specific survival in our study group was 76% and 72%, respectively, during the 7-year follow up period. Diploid tumors had better median survival than the aneuploid ones. The DNA index had significant correlation to the tumor index and response to neoadjuvant treatment. Similarly, the tumor index was also significantly related to the response to neoadjuvant treatment. Patients with a higher tumor index had worst survival rates. Surprisingly, CD26 levels were not associated with any of the parameters examined and were negatively related to tumor stage and differentiation. Conclusions: FC is a rapid and reliable method of cell analysis. In CRC, it has been used for prognostic and diagnostic purposes. In this study, we have shown that DNA and tumor index could become predictive biomarkers of tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment and survival of resectable CRC patients.
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Inoue C, Miki Y, Saito-Koyama R, Okada Y, Sasano H, Suzuki T. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance lung adenocarcinoma growth. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155418. [PMID: 38908333 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of fibroblasts with various features in the cancer stroma and have been reported to influence cancer progression through cell-cell interactions in various types of malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a transmembrane protein with serine protease activity and is involved in the progression of tumors, metabolic diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we focused on the role of DPP4-positive CAFs in LUAD. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 38 of 89 LUAD patients showed DPP4 expression in the fibrous stroma, and patients harboring DPP4-positive CAFs were more often male, had a higher Brinkman index, and had a higher Ki-67 labeling index of tumor cells than those with DPP4-negative CAFs. DPP4-positivity was associated with the expression of other CAF markers, α-SMA, periostin, and podoplanin, as well as a cellular senescence marker, p16. In the in vitro study, conditioned media collected from pulmonary fibroblast (OUS-11, HPF, and HPF-C)-induced overexpression of DPP4 significantly promoted the proliferation of LUAD cells (A549 and PC-9) and increased the expression levels of MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, and GCSF in the media compared to those in controls. In addition, OUS-11 overexpression in DPP4 overexpression increased periostin expression. In conclusion, DPP4-positive CAFs could promote lung adenocarcinoma cell growth by producing soluble factors, and DPP4 inhibition may inhibit cancer progression.
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Kunii T, Usui I, Jojima T, Shimizu M, Kase M, Sakurai S, Tomaru T, Iijima T, Aso Y. Impact of inpatient management of hyperglycemia on peripheral T cell markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:414-420. [PMID: 39101157 PMCID: PMC11291842 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-024-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell function is impaired in hyperglycemic patients with diabetes but thought to improve with normalization of blood glucose levels. In this study, we hypothesized that this improvement might involve changes in T cell function. We compared the peripheral T cell markers between the people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) admitted to our hospital for glycemic control, and then in patients with T2D before and after the improvement of hyperglycemia by inpatient treatment. Expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), co-suppressive molecules, CD26 and CD28 on CD4-positive and/or CD8-positive T cells, the Th1/Th2 ratio, and the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) were not significantly different between the people with and without T2D. Although an average of 10.6 days of inpatient treatment with improved hyperglycemia did not affect expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 in T cells, the Th1/Th2 ratio, or Tregs, it significantly reduced expression of CD26 and CD28 on CD4-positive T cells. CD26 and CD28 on CD4-positive T cells may be associated with the altered immune function after rapid improvement of hyperglycemia but that the other T-cell markers investigated here may not be. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-024-00697-7.
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Zhao Z, Li X, Chai Y, Liu Z, Wang Q, Gao GF. Molecular basis for receptor recognition and broad host tropism for merbecovirus MjHKU4r-CoV-1. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3116-3136. [PMID: 38877169 PMCID: PMC11239678 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel pangolin-origin MERS-like coronavirus (CoV), MjHKU4r-CoV-1, was recently identified. It is closely related to bat HKU4-CoV, and is infectious in human organs and transgenic mice. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 uses the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) receptor for virus entry and has a broad host tropism. However, the molecular mechanism of its receptor binding and determinants of host range are not yet clear. Herein, we determine the structure of the MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) complexed with human CD26 (hCD26) to reveal the basis for its receptor binding. Measuring binding capacity toward multiple animal receptors for MjHKU4r-CoV-1, mutagenesis analyses, and homology modeling highlight that residue sites 291, 292, 294, 295, 336, and 344 of CD26 are the crucial host range determinants for MjHKU4r-CoV-1. These results broaden our understanding of this potentially high-risk virus and will help us prepare for possible outbreaks in the future.
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Kotrulev M, Gomez-Touriño I, Cordero OJ. Soluble CD26: From Suggested Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis to Plausible Marker for Dynamic Monitoring of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2427. [PMID: 39001488 PMCID: PMC11240764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD26 (sCD26), a glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) enzymatic activity, can contribute to early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas and has been studied, including for prognostic purposes, across various other types of cancer and disease. The latest research in this field has confirmed that most, though not all, serum/plasma sCD26 is related to inflammation. The shedding and/or secretion of sCD26 from different immune cells are being investigated, and blood DPP4 activity levels do not correlate very strongly with protein titers. Some of the main substrates of this enzyme are key chemokines involved in immune cell migration, and both soluble and cell-surface CD26 can bind adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of immunosuppressor extracellular adenosine. Of note, there are T cells enriched in CD26 expression and, in mice tumor models, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited heightened percentages of CD26+ correlating with tumor regression. We employed sCD26 as a biomarker in the follow-up after curative resection of colorectal cancer for the early detection of tumor recurrence. Changes after treatment with different biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including Ig-CTLA4, were also observed in rheumatoid arthritis. Serum soluble CD26/DPP4 titer variation has recently been proposed as a potential prognostic biomarker after a phase I trial in cancer immunotherapy with a humanized anti-CD26 antibody. We propose that dynamic monitoring of sCD26/DPP4 changes, in addition to well-known inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP already in use as informative for immune checkpoint immunotherapy, may indicate resistance or response during the successive steps of the treatment. As tumor cells expressing CD26 can also produce sCD26, the possibility of sorting immune- from non-immune-system-originated sCD26 is discussed.
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Franzese O, Palermo B, Frisullo G, Panetta M, Campo G, D’Andrea D, Sperduti I, Taje R, Visca P, Nisticò P. ADA/ CD26 axis increases intra-tumor PD-1 +CD28 +CD8 + T-cell fitness and affects NSCLC prognosis and response to ICB. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2371051. [PMID: 38915783 PMCID: PMC11195478 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2371051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy hinges on identifying key T-cell populations critical for tumor control and response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB). We have recently reported that while the co-expression of PD-1 and CD28 is associated with impaired functionality in peripheral blood, it significantly enhances T-cell fitness in the tumor site of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we explored the role of CD26, a key player in T-cell activation through its interaction with adenosine deaminase (ADA), a crucial intra/extracellular enzyme able to neutralize local adenosine (ADO). We found that an autocrine ADA/CD26 axis enhances CD8+PD-1+CD28+ T-cell function, particularly within an immunosuppressive environment marked by CD39 expression. Then, we interrogated the TCGA and OAK datasets to gain insight into the prognostic/predictive potential of our findings. We identified a signature predicting overall survival (OS) in LUAD patients and response to atezolizumab in advanced LUAD cases. These findings suggest promising avenues for therapeutic intervention targeting the ADA/CD26 axis.
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Hu Y, Sarkar A, Song K, Michael S, Hook M, Wang R, Heczey A, Song X. Selective refueling of CAR T cells using ADA1 and CD26 boosts antitumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101530. [PMID: 38688275 PMCID: PMC11148642 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is hindered in solid tumor treatment due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and suboptimal T cell persistence. Current strategies do not address nutrient competition in the microenvironment. Hence, we present a metabolic refueling approach using inosine as an alternative fuel. CAR T cells were engineered to express membrane-bound CD26 and cytoplasmic adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1), converting adenosine to inosine. Autocrine secretion of ADA1 upon CD3/CD26 stimulation activates CAR T cells, improving migration and resistance to transforming growth factor β1 suppression. Fusion of ADA1 with anti-CD3 scFv further boosts inosine production and minimizes tumor cell feeding. In mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, metabolically refueled CAR T cells exhibit superior tumor reduction compared to unmodified CAR T cells. Overall, our study highlights the potential of selective inosine refueling to enhance CAR T therapy efficacy against solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Inosine
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
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16
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Sato S, Kawasaki T, Hatano R, Koyanagi Y, Takahashi Y, Ohnuma K, Morimoto C, Dudek SM, Tatsumi K, Suzuki T. Functional roles of CD26/DPP4 in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L562-L573. [PMID: 38469626 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00392.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by dysregulated inflammation and increased permeability of lung microvascular cells. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a type II membrane protein that is expressed in several cell types and mediates multiple pleiotropic effects. We previously reported that DPP4 inhibition by sitagliptin attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice. The current study characterized the functional role of CD26/DPP4 expression in LPS-induced lung injury in mice, isolated alveolar macrophages, and cultured lung endothelial cells. In LPS-induced lung injury, inflammatory responses [bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil numbers and several proinflammatory cytokine levels] were attenuated in Dpp4 knockout (Dpp4 KO) mice. However, multiple assays of alveolar capillary permeability were similar between the Dpp4 KO and wild-type mice. TNF-α and IL-6 production was suppressed in alveolar macrophages isolated from Dpp4 KO mice. In contrast, in cultured mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (MLMVECs), reduction in CD26/DPP4 expression by siRNA resulted in greater ICAM-1 and IL-6 expression after LPS stimulation. Moreover, the LPS-induced vascular monolayer permeability in vitro was higher in MLMVECs treated with Dpp4 siRNA, suggesting that CD26/DPP4 plays a protective role in endothelial barrier function. In summary, this study demonstrated that genetic deficiency of Dpp4 attenuates inflammatory responses but not permeability in LPS-induced lung injury in mice, potentially through differential functional roles of CD26/DPP4 expression in resident cellular components of the lung. CD26/DPP4 may be a potential therapeutic target for ARDS and warrants further exploration to precisely identify the multiple functional effects of CD26/DPP4 in ARDS pathophysiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We aimed to clarify the functional roles of CD26/DPP4 in ARDS pathophysiology using Dpp4-deficient mice and siRNA reduction techniques in cultured lung cells. Our results suggest that CD26/DPP4 expression plays a proinflammatory role in alveolar macrophages while also playing a protective role in the endothelial barrier. Dpp4 genetic deficiency attenuates inflammatory responses but not permeability in LPS-induced lung injury in mice, potentially through differential roles of CD26/DPP4 expression in the resident cellular components of the lung.
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17
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Failayev H, Ganoth A, Tsfadia Y. Molecular insights on the coronavirus MERS-CoV interaction with the CD26 receptor. Virus Res 2024; 342:199330. [PMID: 38272241 PMCID: PMC10862065 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory disease with high fatality rates, caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus initiates infection by binding to the CD26 receptor (also known as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 or DPP4) via its spike protein. Although the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and the complex between RBD and the extracellular domain of CD26 have been studied using X-ray crystallography, conflicting studies exist regarding the importance of certain amino acids outside the resolved RBD-CD26 complex interaction interface. To gain atomic-level knowledge of the RBD-CD26 complex, we employed computational simulations to study the complex's dynamic behavior as it evolves from its crystal structure to a conformation stable in solution. Our study revealed previously unidentified interaction regions and interacting amino acids within the complex, determined a novel comprehensive RBD-binding domain of CD26, and by that expanded the current understanding of its structure. Additionally, we examined the impact of a single amino acid substitution, E513A, on the complex's stability. We discovered that this substitution disrupts the complex through an allosteric domino-like mechanism that affects other residues. Since MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus, we evaluated its potential risk of human infection via animals, and suggest a low likelihood for possible infection by cats or dogs. The molecular structural information gleaned from our insights into the RBD-CD26 complex pre-dissociative states may be proved useful not only from a mechanistic view but also in assessing inter-species transmission and in developing anti-MERS-CoV antiviral therapeutics.
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18
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Okaya T, Kawasaki T, Sato S, Koyanagi Y, Tatsumi K, Hatano R, Ohnuma K, Morimoto C, Kasuya Y, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Suzuki T. Functional Roles of CD26/DPP4 in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:748. [PMID: 38255821 PMCID: PMC10815066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) often causes intractable conditions. CD26/Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is expressed in lung constituent cells and may be related to the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases. We aimed to clarify the functional roles of CD26/DPP4 in PH-ILD, paying particular attention to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Dpp4 knockout (Dpp4KO) and wild type (WT) mice were administered bleomycin (BLM) intraperitoneally to establish a PH-ILD model. The BLM-induced increase in the right ventricular systolic pressure and the right ventricular hypertrophy observed in WT mice were attenuated in Dpp4KO mice. The BLM-induced vascular muscularization in small pulmonary vessels in Dpp4KO mice was milder than that in WT mice. The viability of TGFβ-stimulated human pulmonary artery SMCs (hPASMCs) was lowered due to the DPP4 knockdown with small interfering RNA. According to the results of the transcriptome analysis, upregulated genes in hPASMCs with TGFβ treatment were related to pulmonary vascular SMC proliferation via the Notch, PI3K-Akt, and NFκB signaling pathways. Additionally, DPP4 knockdown in hPASMCs inhibited the pathways upregulated by TGFβ treatment. These results suggest that genetic deficiency of Dpp4 protects against BLM-induced PH-ILD by alleviating vascular remodeling, potentially through the exertion of an antiproliferative effect via inhibition of the TGFβ-related pathways in PASMCs.
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19
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Ohm B, Moneke I, Jungraithmayr W. Targeting cluster of differentiation 26 / dipeptidyl peptidase 4 ( CD26/DPP4) in organ fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2846-2861. [PMID: 36196001 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26)/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an exopeptidase that is expressed as a transmembrane protein in many organs but also present in a circulating soluble form. Beyond its enzymatic and costimulatory activity, CD26/DPP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases across many organ types, such as liver cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis and lung fibrosis. Organ fibrosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and there are no causative therapies that can effectively attenuate the progress of the disease. Growing evidence suggests that inhibiting CD26/DPP4 can modulate the profibrotic tissue microenvironment and thus reduce fibrotic changes within affected organs. This review summarizes the role of CD26/DPP4 in fibroproliferative disorders and highlights new opportunities for an antifibrotic treatment by CD26/DPP4 inhibition. As a major advantage, CD26/DPP4 inhibitors have been in safe and routine clinical use in type 2 diabetes for many years and thus qualify for repurposing to repurpose as a promising therapeutic against fibrosis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc.
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Kokubu H, Takahashi T, Kabuto M, Kouzaki H, Fujimoto N. Analysis of IL-10 and IL-35 in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-related bullous pemphigoid. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1569-1574. [PMID: 37424368 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The association between immunoregulatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10 or IL-35, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i)-related bullous pemphigoid (BP) has not been evaluated. Serum IL-10 and IL-35 levels were measured in 39 patients with BP (24 males and 15 females; 6 DPP4i-related and 33 DPP4i-unrelated BP patients) and 10 healthy controls. The number of CD26+ cells in the dermis around bulla on sections was counted immunohistochemically for 12 patients (six patients with DPP4i-related BP and six randomly sampled patients with DPP4i-unrelated BP). Patients with DPP4i-related BP had lower levels of serum eosinophils (DPP4i-related vs. DPP4i-unrelated BP: 476.1 ± 234.0 vs. 911.3 ± 948.8/μL; p = 0.537) and a higher rate of infiltrating CD26+ cells (32.9 ± 7.1% vs. 15.7 ± 4.4%; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in serum IL-10 (6.77 ± 0.24 vs. 6.84 ± 0.20 pg/mL), serum IL-35 (2.63 ± 0.17 vs. 2.63 ± 0.21 pg/mL), serum anti-BP180NC16a antibodies (67.31 ± 37.4 vs. 76.18 ± 54.59 U/mL) and Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index before treatment in this study. Serum IL-10 and IL-35 levels do not increase in patients with BP and may not be a candidate for a therapeutic target for BP. An increase in CD26+ cells might be associated with DPP4i-related BP.
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21
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Abruzzese E, Bocchia M, Trawinska MM, Raspadori D, Bondanini F, Sicuranza A, Pacelli P, Re F, Cavalleri A, Farina M, Malagola M, Russo D, De Fabritiis P, Bernardi S. Minimal Residual Disease Detection at RNA and Leukemic Stem Cell (LSC) Levels: Comparison of RT-qPCR, d-PCR and CD26+ Stem Cell Measurements in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Patients in Deep Molecular Response (DMR). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4112. [PMID: 37627140 PMCID: PMC10452239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A Deep Molecular Response (DMR), defined as a BCR::ABL1 transcript at levels ≤ 0.01% by RT-qPCR, is the prerequisite for the successful interruption of treatment among patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). However, approximately 50% of patients in Treatment-Free Remission (TFR) studies had to resume therapy after their BCR::ABL1 transcript levels rose above the 0.1% threshold. To improve transcript detection sensitivity and accuracy, transcript levels can be analyzed using digital PCR (dPCR). dPCR increases BCR::ABL1 transcript detection sensitivity 10-100 fold; however, its ability to better select successful TFR patients remains unclear. Beyond the role of the immune system, relapses may be due to the presence of residual leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are transcriptionally silent. Flow cytometry can be used to identify and quantify circulating bone marrow Ph+ LSCs CD34+/CD38- co-expressing CD26 (dipeptidylpeptidase-IV). To date, the significance of circulating Ph+ LSCs in TFR is unclear. The aim of this work is to compare and examine the values obtained using the three different methods of detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) in CML at RNA (RT-qPCR and dPCR) and LSC (flowcytometry) levels among patients in TFR or exhibiting a DMR. The twenty-seven patients enrolled received treatment with either imatinib (12), dasatinib (6), nilotinib (7), bosutinib (1), or interferon (1). Twelve patients were in TFR, while the rest exhibited a DMR. The TFR patients had stopped therapy for less than 1 year (3), <3 years (2), 6 years (6), and 17 years (1). Blood samples were collected and tested using the three methods at the same time. Both d-PCR and LSCs showed higher sensitivity than RT-qPCR, exhibiting positive results in samples that were undetectable using RT-qPCR (17/27). None of the patients tested negative with d-PCR; however, 23/27 were under the threshold of 0.468 copies/μL, corresponding to a stable DMR. The results were divided into quartiles, and the lowest quartiles defined the lowest MRD. These data were strongly correlated in 15/27 patients, corresponding to almost half of the TFR patients. Indeed, the TFR patients, some lasting up to 17 years, corresponded to the lowest detectable DMR categories. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze and compare DMRs in a CML population using standard (RT-qPCR) and highly sensitive (dPCR and LSCs) methods.
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22
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Kobayashi E, Kamihara Y, Arai M, Wada A, Kikuchi S, Hatano R, Iwao N, Susukida T, Ozawa T, Adachi Y, Kishi H, Dang NH, Yamada T, Hayakawa Y, Morimoto C, Sato T. Development of a Novel CD26-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for CD26-Expressing T-Cell Malignancies. Cells 2023; 12:2059. [PMID: 37626869 PMCID: PMC10453178 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for CD19-expressing B-cell malignancies is already widely adopted in clinical practice. On the other hand, the development of CAR-T-cell therapy for T-cell malignancies is in its nascent stage. One of the potential targets is CD26, to which we have developed and evaluated the efficacy and safety of the humanized monoclonal antibody YS110. We generated second (CD28) and third (CD28/4-1BB) generation CD26-targeted CAR-T-cells (CD26-2G/3G) using YS110 as the single-chain variable fragment. When co-cultured with CD26-overexpressing target cells, CD26-2G/3G strongly expressed the activation marker CD69 and secreted IFNgamma. In vitro studies targeting the T-cell leukemia cell line HSB2 showed that CD26-2G/3G exhibited significant anti-leukemia effects with the secretion of granzymeB, TNFα, and IL-8, with 3G being superior to 2G. CD26-2G/3G was also highly effective against T-cell lymphoma cells derived from patients. In an in vivo mouse model in which a T-cell lymphoma cell line, KARPAS299, was transplanted subcutaneously, CD26-3G inhibited tumor growth, whereas 2G had no effect. Furthermore, in a systemic dissemination model in which HSB2 was administered intravenously, CD26-3G inhibited tumor growth more potently than 2G, resulting in greater survival benefit. The third-generation CD26-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy may be a promising treatment modality for T-cell malignancies.
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23
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Zhou H, Jia B, Annageldiyev C, Minagawa K, Zhao C, Mineishi S, Ehmann WC, Naik SG, Cioccio J, Wirk B, Songdej N, Rakszawski KL, Nickolich MS, Shen J, Zheng H. CD26lowPD-1 + CD8 T cells are terminally exhausted and associated with leukemia progression in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169144. [PMID: 37457737 PMCID: PMC10338956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating blood cancer with poor prognosis. Novel effective treatment is an urgent unmet need. Immunotherapy targeting T cell exhaustion by blocking inhibitory pathways, such as PD-1, is promising in cancer treatment. However, results from clinical studies applying PD-1 blockade to AML patients are largely disappointing. AML is highly heterogeneous. Identification of additional immune regulatory pathways and defining predictive biomarkers for treatment response are crucial to optimize the strategy. CD26 is a marker of T cell activation and involved in multiple immune processes. Here, we performed comprehensive phenotypic and functional analyses on the blood samples collected from AML patients and discovered that CD26lowPD-1+ CD8 T cells were associated with AML progression. Specifically, the percentage of this cell fraction was significantly higher in patients with newly diagnosed AML compared to that in patients achieved completed remission or healthy controls. Our subsequent studies on CD26lowPD-1+ CD8 T cells from AML patients at initial diagnosis demonstrated that this cell population highly expressed inhibitory receptors and displayed impaired cytokine production, indicating an exhaustion status. Importantly, CD26lowPD-1+ CD8 T cells carried features of terminal exhaustion, manifested by higher frequency of TEMRA differentiation, increased expression of transcription factors that are observed in terminally exhausted T cells, and high level of intracellular expression of granzyme B and perforin. Our findings suggest a prognostic and predictive value of CD26 in AML, providing pivotal information to optimize the immunotherapy for this devastating cancer.
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Galati D, Zanotta S, Capone M, Madonna G, Mallardo D, Romanelli M, Simeone E, Festino L, Sparano F, Azzaro R, De Filippi R, Pinto A, Paulos CM, Ascierto PA. Potential clinical implications of CD4 +CD26high T cells for nivolumab treated melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2023; 21:318. [PMID: 37170241 PMCID: PMC10176780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nivolumab is an anti-PD1 antibody that has dramatically improved metastatic melanoma patients' outcomes. Nevertheless, many patients are resistant to PD-1 inhibition, occasionally experiencing severe off-target immune toxicity. In addition, no robust and reproducible biomarkers have yet been validated to identify the correct selection of patients who will benefit from anti-PD-1 treatment avoiding unwanted side effects. However, the strength of CD26 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes permits the characterization of three subtypes with variable degrees of responsiveness to tumors, suggesting that the presence of CD26-expressing T cells in patients might be a marker of responsiveness to PD-1-based therapies. METHODS The frequency distribution of peripheral blood CD26-expressing cells was investigated employing multi-parametric flow cytometry in 69 metastatic melanoma patients along with clinical characteristics and blood count parameters at baseline (W0) and compared to 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Percentages of baseline CD4+CD26high T cells were correlated with the outcome after nivolumab treatment. In addition, the frequency of CD4+CD26high T cells at W0 was compared with those obtained after 12 weeks (W1) of therapy in a sub-cohort of 33 patients. RESULTS Circulating CD4+CD26high T cells were significantly reduced in melanoma patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.001). In addition, a significant association was observed between a low baseline percentage of CD4+CD26high T cells (< 7.3%) and clinical outcomes, measured as overall survival (p = 0.010) and progression-free survival (p = 0.014). Moreover, patients with clinical benefit from nivolumab therapy had significantly higher frequencies of circulating CD4+CD26high T cells than patients with non-clinical benefit (p = 0.004) at 12 months. Also, a higher pre-treatment proportion of circulating CD4+CD26high T cells was correlated with Disease Control Rate (p = 0.014) and best Overall Response Rate (p = 0.009) at 12 months. Interestingly, after 12 weeks (W1) of nivolumab treatment, percentages of CD4+CD26high T cells were significantly higher in comparison with the frequencies measured at W0 (p < 0.0001), aligning the cell counts with the ranges seen in the blood of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly demonstrates that peripheral blood circulating CD4+CD26high T lymphocytes represent potential biomarkers whose perturbations are associated with reduced survival and worse clinical outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Matsumoto A, Hiroi M, Mori K, Yamamoto N, Ohmori Y. Differential Anti-Tumor Effects of IFN-Inducible Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 on a Mouse Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:medsci11020031. [PMID: 37218983 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of cytokines involved in the mobilization of leukocytes, which play a role in host defense and a variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines C-X-C motif ligand 9 (CXCL), CXCL10, and CXCL11 are anti-tumor chemokines; however, the differential anti-tumor effects of IFN-inducible chemokines are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of IFN-inducible chemokines by transferring chemokine expression vectors into a mouse squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCCVII, to generate a cell line stably expressing chemokines and transplanted it into nude mice. The results showed that CXCL9- and CXCL11-expressing cells markedly inhibited tumor growth, whereas CXCL10-expressing cells did not inhibit growth. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of mouse CXCL10 contains a cleavage sequence by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), an enzyme that cleaves the peptide chain of chemokines. IHC staining indicated DPP4 expression in the stromal tissue, suggesting CXCL10 inactivation. These results suggest that the anti-tumor effects of IFN-inducible chemokines are affected by the expression of chemokine-cleaving enzymes in tumor tissues.
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