1
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Yano S, Takehara K, Tazawa H, Kishimoto H, Urata Y, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T, Hoffman RM. Therapeutic Cell-Cycle-Decoy Efficacy of a Telomerase-Dependent Adenovirus in an Orthotopic Model of Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Stomach Carcinomatosis Peritonitis Visualized With FUCCI Imaging. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3635-3642. [PMID: 27171483 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have established an orthotopic nude-mouse model of gastric cancer carcinomatosis peritonitis, a recalcitrant disease in human patients. Human MKN45 poorly-differentiated human gastric cancer cells developed carcinomatosis peritonitis upon orthotopic transplantation in nude mice. The MKN45 cells expressed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) that color codes the phases of the cell cycle. The intra-peritoneal tumors and ascites contained mostly quiescent G1 /Go cancer cells visualized as red by FUCCI imaging. Cisplatinum (CDDP) treatment did not reduce bloody ascites, and larger tumors formed in the peritoneal cavity after CDDP treatment in an early-stage carcinomatosis peritonitis orthotopic mouse model. Paclitaxel-treated mice had reduced ascites, but also had large tumor masses in the peritonium after treatment with cancer cells mostly in G0 /G1 , visualized by FUCCI red. In contrast, OBP-301 telomerase-dependent adenovirus-treated mice had no ascites and only small tumor nodules consisting of cancer cells mostly in S/G2 phases in the early-stage carcinomatosis peritonitis model, visualized by FUCCI green. Furthermore, OBP-301 significantly reduced the size of tumors (P < 0.01) and ascites even in a late-stage carcinomatosis peritonitis model. These results suggest that quiescent peritoneally-disseminated gastric cancer cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy, but OBP-301 significantly reduced the weight of the tumors and increased survival, suggesting clinical potential. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3635-3642, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Takehara
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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2
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Zan PF, Yao J, Wu Z, Yang Y, Hu S, Li GD. Cyclin D1 Gene Silencing Promotes IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:290-299. [PMID: 28548679 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cyclin D1 gene silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. Chondrocytes from healthy sprague-dawley rats were divided into blank, OA model (chondrocytes underwent IL-1β inducement), OA trial (chondrocytes underwent IL-1β inducement with cyclin D1-shRNA treatment), and negative control (NC; chondrocytes underwent IL-1β inducement and control-shRNA treatment) groups. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related factors expression levels. Chondrocyte proliferation increased after 72-96 h after incubation. The OA trial group exhibited reduced cell proliferation at 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. The OA model, OA trial, and NC groups all contained more cells arrested in G1 phase and had higher apoptosis rates than the blank group. Additionally, the OA trial group contained more cells arrested in G1 phase, with increased apoptosis rates compared to the OA model and NC groups. The OA model group had lowest expression of cyclin D1 whereas the blank group contained the highest among the four groups. qRT-PCR also showed that the OA model, OA trial, and NC groups all had increased expression levels of Bax and reduced expression levels of Bcl-2 and P53 compared to the blank group, whereby by the OA group had the most significant change. The combined evidence in our study shows that cyclin D1 gene silencing suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of rat chondrocytes in IL-1β-induced OA. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 290-299, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yao
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Eferl
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Bollard J, Miguela V, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Venkatesh A, Bian CB, Roberto MP, Tovar V, Sia D, Molina-Sánchez P, Nguyen CB, Nakagawa S, Llovet JM, Hoshida Y, Lujambio A. Palbociclib (PD-0332991), a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, restricts tumour growth in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2017; 66:1286-1296. [PMID: 27849562 PMCID: PMC5512174 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Palbociclib, a well-tolerated and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, has shown promising results in the treatment of retinoblastoma (RB1)-positive breast cancer. RB1 is rarely mutated in HCC, suggesting that palbociclib could potentially be used for HCC therapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterisation of the efficacy of palbociclib in multiple preclinical models of HCC. DESIGN The effects of palbociclib on cell proliferation, cellular senescence and cell death were investigated in a panel of human liver cancer cell lines, in ex vivo human HCC samples, in a genetically engineered mouse model of liver cancer, and in human HCC xenografts in vivo. The mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to palbociclib were assessed in human liver cancer cell lines and human HCC samples by protein and gene expression analyses. RESULTS Palbociclib suppressed cell proliferation in human liver cancer cell lines by promoting a reversible cell cycle arrest. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to palbociclib was determined by loss of RB1. A signature of 'RB1 loss of function' was found in <30% of HCC samples. Palbociclib, alone or combined with sorafenib, the standard of care for HCC, impaired tumour growth in vivo and significantly increased survival. CONCLUSIONS Palbociclib shows encouraging results in preclinical models of HCC and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment, alone or particularly in combination with sorafenib. Palbociclib could potentially benefit patients with RB1-proficient tumours, which account for 70% of all patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bollard
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Verónica Miguela
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Marina Ruiz de Galarreta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Anu Venkatesh
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - C Billie Bian
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Mark P Roberto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Victoria Tovar
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Sia
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Pedro Molina-Sánchez
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christie B Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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5
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Wang CY, Hong YH, Syu JS, Tsai YC, Liu XY, Chen TY, Su YM, Kuo PL, Lin YM, Teng YN. LRWD1 Regulates Microtubule Nucleation and Proper Cell Cycle Progression in the Human Testicular Embryonic Carcinoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:314-326. [PMID: 28569402 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing protein 1 (LRWD1) is a testis-specific protein that mainly expressed in the sperm neck where centrosome is located. By using microarray analysis, LRWD1 is identified as a putative gene that involved in spermatogenesis. However, its role in human male germ cell development has not been extensively studied. When checking in the semen of patients with asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and asthenoteratozoospermia, the level of LRWD1 in the sperm neck was significantly reduced with a defective neck or tail. When checking the sub-cellular localization of LRWD1 in the cells, we found that LRWD1 resided in the centrosome and its centrosomal residency was independent of microtubule transportation in NT2/D1, the human testicular embryonic carcinoma, cell line. Depletion of LRWD1 did not induce centrosome re-duplication but inhibited microtubule nucleation. In addition, the G1 arrest were observed in LRWD1 deficient NT2/D1 cells. Upon LRWD1 depletion, the levels of cyclin E, A, and phosphorylated CDK2, were reduced. Overexpression of LRWD1 promoted cell proliferation in NT2/D1, HeLa, and 239T cell lines. In addition, we also observed that autophagy was activated in LRWD1 deficient cells and inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 promoted cell death when LRWD1 was depleted. Thus, we found a novel function of LRWD1 in controlling microtubule nucleation and cell cycle progression in the human testicular embryonic carcinoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 314-326, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Siang Syu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Mei Su
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Lin
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
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6
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Lin SR, Yeh HC, Wang WJ, Ke HL, Lin HH, Hsu WC, Chao SY, Hour TC, Wu WJ, Pu YS, Huang AM. MiR-193b Mediates CEBPD-Induced Cisplatin Sensitization Through Targeting ETS1 and Cyclin D1 in Human Urothelial Carcinoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1563-1573. [PMID: 27918099 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) plays multiple roles in tumor progression. Studies have demonstrated that cisplatin (CDDP) induced CEBPD expression and had led to chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CDDP-regulated CEBPD expression and its relevant roles in CDDP responses remain elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Abnormal miRNAs expression is associated with tumor progression. In current study, a large-scale PCR-based miRNA screening was performed to identify CEBPD-associated miRNAs in urothelial carcinoma cell line NTUB1. Eleven miRNAs were selected with more than twofold changes. MiR-193b-3p, a known tumor suppressor, down-regulated proto-oncogenes Cyclin D1, and ETS1 expression and led to cell cycle arrest, cell invasion, and migration inhibition. The expression of miR-193b-3p was associated with the DNA binding ability of CEBPD in CDDP response. CEBPD knocking-down approach provided a strong evidence of the positive correlation between CEBPD and miR-193b-3p. CDDP-induced CEBPD trans-activated miR-193b-3p expression and it directly targeted the 3'-UTR of Cyclin D1 and ETS1 mRNA, and silenced the protein expression. In addition, miR-193b-3p also inhibited cell migration activity, arrested cell at G1 phase, and sensitized NTUB1 to CDDP treatment. In conclusion, this study indicates that CEBPD exhibits an anti-tumorigenic function through transcriptionally activating miR-193b-3p expression upon CDDP treatment. This study provides a new direction for managing human urothelial carcinoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1563-1573, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Ren Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hui Lin
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Chao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A-Mei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Ph. D. Program in Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Węsierska-Gądek J, Mauritz M, Mitulovic G, Cupo M. Differential Potential of Pharmacological PARP Inhibitors for Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Inducing Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2824-39. [PMID: 25981734 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1/2-mutant cells are hypersensitive to inactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). We recently showed that inhibition of PARP-1 by NU1025 is strongly cytotoxic for BRCA1-positive BT-20 cells, but not BRCA1-deficient SKBr-3 cells. These results raised the possibility that other PARP-1 inhibitors, particularly those tested in clinical trials, may be more efficacious against BRCA1-deficient SKBr-3 breast cancer cells than NU1025. Thus, in the presented study the cytotoxicity of four PARP inhibitors under clinical evaluation (olaparib, rucaparib, iniparib and AZD2461) was examined and compared to that of NU1025. The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the PARP-1 inhibition strongly varied. Remarkably, BRCA-1-deficient SKBr-3 cells were almost completely insensitive to NU1025, olaparib and rucaparib, whereas BRCA1-expressing BT-20 cells were strongly affected by NU1025 even at low doses. In contrast, iniparib and AZD2461 were cytotoxic for both BT-20 and SKBr-3 cells. Of the four tested PARP-1 inhibitors only AZD2461 strongly affected cell cycle progression. Interestingly, the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic potential of the tested PARP-1 inhibitors clearly correlated with their capacity to damage DNA. Further analyses revealed that proteomic signatures of the two studied breast cancer cell lines strongly differ, and a set of 197 proteins was differentially expressed in NU1025-treated BT-20 cancer cells. These results indicate that BT-20 cells may harbor an unknown defect in DNA repair pathway(s) rendering them sensitive to PARP-1 inhibition. They also imply that therapeutic applicability of PARP-1 inhibitors is not limited to BRCA mutation carriers but can be extended to patients harboring deficiencies in other components of the pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Józefa Węsierska-Gądek
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mauritz
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Goran Mitulovic
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Maria Cupo
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cell Cycle Regulation Group, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Doucette CD, Rodgers G, Liwski RS, Hoskin DW. Piperine from black pepper inhibits activation-induced proliferation and effector function of T lymphocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2577-88. [PMID: 25900378 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Piperine is a major alkaloid component of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn), which is a widely consumed spice. Here, we investigated the effect of piperine on mouse T lymphocyte activation. Piperine inhibited polyclonal and antigen-specific T lymphocyte proliferation without affecting cell viability. Piperine also suppressed T lymphocyte entry into the S and G2 /M phases of the cell cycle, and decreased expression of G1 -associated cyclin D3, CDK4, and CDK6. In addition, piperine inhibited CD25 expression, synthesis of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-17A, and the generation of cytotoxic effector cells. The inhibitory effect of piperine on T lymphocytes was associated with hypophosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and inhibitor of κBα, but not ZAP-70. The ability of piperine to inhibit several key signaling pathways involved in T lymphocyte activation and the acquisition of effector function suggests that piperine might be useful in the management of T lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Doucette
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Gemma Rodgers
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Robert S Liwski
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - David W Hoskin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
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9
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Luzhin AV, Velichko AK, Razin SV, Kantidze OL. Automated Analysis of Cell Cycle Phase-Specific DNA Damage Reveals Phase-Specific Differences in Cell Sensitivity to Etoposide. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2209-14. [PMID: 27240930 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is one of the most widely used approaches for detecting DNA damage; generally, it provides information on the cell population-averaged level of DNA damage. Here, we present an automatic technique for easy measurement of standard comet characteristics and an annotation of the cell cycle phase of each comet. The approach includes the modified neutral comet assay and a pipeline for CellProfiler software designed to analyze DNA damage-related characteristics and annotate the cell cycle phase of each comet. Using this technique we have performed cell cycle phase-specific analysis of DNA damage induced by the topoisomerase II poison etoposide and have shown that the sensitivity of cells to this drug dramatically differed according to their cell cycle phase. It became evident from our results that the proposed protocol provides important additional information that often remains hidden in a standard comet analysis of an asynchronous cell population. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2209-2214, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Luzhin
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Artem K Velichko
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Sergey V Razin
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - Omar L Kantidze
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France
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10
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Abstract
The role of vitamin D as a treatment option for neoplastic diseases, once considered to have a bright future, remains controversial. The preclinical studies discussed herein show compelling evidence that Vitamin D Derivatives (VDDs) can convert some cancer and leukemia cells to a benign phenotype, by differentiation/maturation, cell cycle arrest, or induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, there is considerable, though still evolving, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. However, the attempts to clearly document that the treatment outcomes of human neoplastic diseases can be positively influenced by VDDs have been, so far, disappointing. The clinical trials to date of VDDs, alone or combined with other agents, have not shown consistent results. It is our contention, shared by others, that there were limitations in the design or execution of these trials which have not yet been fully addressed. Based on the connection between upregulation of JNK by VDDs and DNA repair, we propose a new avenue of attack on cancer cells by increasing the toxicity of the current, only partially effective, cancer chemotherapeutic drugs by combining them with VDDs. This can impair DNA repair and thus kill the malignant cells, warranting a comprehensive study of this novel concept. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1733-1744, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Gocek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Proteins Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14A Street, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, 07103, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Chen M, Ni Y, Liu Y, Xia X, Cao J, Wang C, Mao X, Zhang W, Chen C, Chen X, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal Expression of EAPP Modulates Neuronal Apoptosis and Reactive Astrogliosis After Spinal Cord Injury. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1381-90. [PMID: 25704466 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
E2F-associated phosphoprotein (EAPP) is a novel E2F binding protein that interacts with the activating members of the E2F transcription factors family and involved in various biological processes. However, the expression and function of EAPP in central nervous system (CNS) are still unknown. In this study, we performed an acute spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats, we found that EAPP protein levels were significantly increased and reached a peak at day 3, and then gradually returned to normal level at day 14 after spinal cord injury and we observed that the expression of EAPP is enhanced in the gray and white matter. Spatially, increased levels of EAPP were striking in neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, colocalization of EAPP/active caspase-3 was detected in neurons, and colocalization of EAPP/proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected in astrocytes after spinal cord injury. These results indicated that EAPP might play an important role in neuronal apoptosis and reactive astrogliosis. Furthermore in vitro, EAPP depletion by siRNA inhibited astrocyte proliferation, migration and CDK4/cyclinD1 expression. Meanwhile, EAPP knockdown also reduce neuronal apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins. Which indicated that EAPP might integrate cell cycle progression and play a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Taken together, we speculated that EAPP was involved in biochemical and physiological responses after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingjie Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xishan People' Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianhua Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingxing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinlei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
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12
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Li L, He L, Zhao JL, Xiao J, Liu M, Li X, Tang H. MiR-17-5p up-regulates YES1 to modulate the cell cycle progression and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1050-9. [PMID: 25561420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression. Although many studies have demonstrated the involvement of miR-17-5p in different cancers, little is known to its function in ovarian cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-17-5p was able to enhance cell proliferation by promoting G1/S transition of the cell cycle and suppressing apoptosis in ES-2 and OVCAR3 cell lines, whereas inhibition of miR-17-5p yielded the reverse phenotype. YES1 was identified as a novel target gene of miR-17-5p. Moreover, miR-17-5p was found to directly bind to the 3'UTR of YES1 mRNA and up-regulated its expression. Furthermore, knockdown of YES1 led to the suppression of proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in ES-2 and OVCAR3 cells. Ectopic expression of YES1 was able to reverse the effects of miR-17-5p inhibition. Collectively, our results indicated that miR-17-5p might play a role in human ovarian cancer by up-regulating YES1 expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1050-1059, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Anyang City, Henan Province, 455000, China
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13
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Zhang D, Chen HP, Duan HF, Gao LH, Shao Y, Chen KY, Wang YL, Lan FH, Hu XW. Aggregation of Ribosomal Protein S6 at Nucleolus Is Cell Cycle-Controlled and Its Function in Pre-rRNA Processing Is Phosphorylation Dependent. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1649-57. [PMID: 26639987 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) has long been regarded as one of the primary r-proteins that functions in the early stage of 40S subunit assembly, but its actual role is still obscure. The correct forming of 18S rRNA is a key step in the nuclear synthesis of 40S subunit. In this study, we demonstrate that rpS6 participates in the processing of 30S pre-rRNA to 18S rRNA only when its C-terminal five serines are phosphorylated, however, the process of entering the nucleus and then targeting the nucleolus does not dependent its phosphorylation. Remarkably, we also find that the aggregation of rpS6 at the nucleolus correlates to the phasing of cell cycle, beginning to concentrate in the nucleolus at later S phase and disaggregate at M phase. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1649-1657, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Duan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Shao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - You-Liang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hua Lan
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University School of Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Hu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
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14
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Zhong D, Gu C, Shi L, Xun T, Li X, Liu S, Yu L. Obatoclax induces G1/G0-phase arrest via p38/p21(waf1/Cip1) signaling pathway in human esophageal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1624-35. [PMID: 24788582 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pan-Bcl-2 family inhibitor obatoclax has been demonstrated to be effective against various cancers, of which the mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that obatoclax suppressed esophageal cancer cell viability with concomitant G1/G0-phase cell cycle arrest. At the tested concentrations (1/2 IC50 and IC50), obatoclax neither induced PARP cleavage nor increased the Annexin V-positive population, suggesting G1/G0-phase arrest rather than apoptosis accounts for most of the reduction of cell viability produced by obatoclax. Double knockdown of Bak and Bax by small interference RNA failed to block obatoclax-induced G1/G0-phase arrest, implying its role in cell cycle progression is Bak/Bax-independent. The cell cycle arresting effect of obatoclax was associated with up-regulation of p21(waf1/Cip1). Knockdown of p21(waf1/Cip1) significantly attenuated obatoclax-induced G1/G0-phase arrest. Although obatoclax stimulated phosphorylation of Erk, p38, and JNK, pharmacological inhibition of p38 but not Erk or JNK blocked obatoclax-induced G1/G0-phase arrest. Moreover, knockdown of p38 abolished the cell cycle arresting effect of obatoclax. In consistent with this finding, inhibition of p38 blocked obatoclax-induced p21(waf1/Cip1) expression while inhibition of Erk or JNK failed to exert similar effect. To conclude, these findings suggest that obatoclax induced cell cycle arrest via p38/p21(waf1/Cip1) signaling pathway. This study may shed a new light on the anti-cancer activity of obatoclax in relation to cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Yu J, Wilson J, Taylor L, Polgar P. DNA microarray and signal transduction analysis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from heritable and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension subjects. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:386-97. [PMID: 25290246 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular smooth muscle contraction and proliferation. Here, we analyze genome-wide mRNA expression in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) isolated from three control, three hereditary (HPAH), and three idiopathic PAH (IPAH) subjects using the Affymetrix Human Gene ST 1.0 chip. The microarray analysis reveals the expression of 537 genes in HPAH and 1024 genes in IPAH changed compared with control HPASMC. Among those genes, 227 genes show similar directionality of expression in both HPAH and IPAH HPASMC. Ingenuity™ Pathway Analysis (IPA) suggests that many of those genes are involved in cellular growth/proliferation and cell cycle regulation and that signaling pathways such as the mitotic activators, polo-like kinases, ATM signaling are activated under PAH conditions. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates downregulated mRNA expression of certain vasoactive receptors such as bradykinin receptor B2 (BKB2R). Using real time PCR, we verified the downregulated BKB2R expression in the PAH cells. Bradykinin-stimulated calcium influx is also decreased in PAH PASMC. IPA also identified transcriptional factors such p53 and Rb as downregulated, and FoxM1 and Myc as upregulated in both HPAH and IPAH HPASMC. The decreased level of phospho-p53 in PAH cells was confirmed with a phospho-protein array; and we experimentally show a dysregulated proliferation of both HPAH and IPAH PASMC. Together, the microarray experiments and bioinformatics analysis highlight an aberrant proliferation and cell cycle regulation in HPASMC from PAH subjects. These newly identified pathways may provide new targets for the treatment of both hereditary and idiopathic PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118
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16
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De Leonardis F, Monti L, Gualeni B, Tenni R, Forlino A, Rossi A. Altered signaling in the G1 phase deregulates chondrocyte growth in a mouse model with proteoglycan undersulfation. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1779-86. [PMID: 24820054 PMCID: PMC4262066 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In several skeletal dysplasias defects in extracellular matrix molecules affect not only the structural and mechanical properties of cartilage, but also the complex network of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Sulfated proteoglycans, besides playing an important structural role in cartilage, are crucial in modulating the transport, diffusion, and interactions of growth factors with their specific targets, taking part in the regulation of signaling pathways involved in skeletal development and growth. In this work, we investigated by real time PCR and Western blots of the microdissected growth plate and by immunohistochemistry the molecular basis of reduced chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate of the dtd mouse, a chondrodysplastic model with defective chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan sulfation of articular and growth plate cartilage. We detected activation of the Wnt pathway, leading to an increase in the non-phosphorylated form of nuclear β-catenin and subsequent up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. β-Catenin was further stabilized by up-regulation of Smad3 expression through TGF-β pathway synergistic activation. We demonstrate that notwithstanding cyclin D1 expression increase, cell cycle progression is compromised in the G1 phase due to reduced phosphorylation of the pocket protein p130 leading to inhibition of transcription factors of the E2F family which are crucial for cell cycle progression and DNA replication. These data, together with altered Indian hedgehox signaling detected previously, explain at the molecular level the reduced chondrocyte proliferation rate of the dtd growth plate leading to reduced skeletal growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1779–1786, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Leonardis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Dudakovic A, Camilleri E, Riester SM, Lewallen EA, Kvasha S, Chen X, Radel DJ, Anderson JM, Nair AA, Evans JM, Krych AJ, Smith J, Deyle DR, Stein JL, Stein GS, Im HJ, Cool SM, Westendorf JJ, Kakar S, Dietz AB, van Wijnen AJ. High-resolution molecular validation of self-renewal and spontaneous differentiation in clinical-grade adipose-tissue derived human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1816-28. [PMID: 24905804 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of adipose-tissue derived human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs) for skeletal therapies requires a detailed characterization of mechanisms supporting cell proliferation and multi-potency. We investigated the molecular phenotype of AMSCs that were either actively proliferating in platelet lysate or in a basal non-proliferative state. Flow cytometry combined with high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNASeq) and RT-qPCR analyses validate that AMSCs express classic mesenchymal cell surface markers (e.g., CD44, CD73/NT5E, CD90/THY1, and CD105/ENG). Expression of CD90 is selectively elevated at confluence. Self-renewing AMSCs express a standard cell cycle program that successively mediates DNA replication, chromatin packaging, cyto-architectural enlargement, and mitotic division. Confluent AMSCs preferentially express genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and cellular communication. For example, cell cycle-related biomarkers (e.g., cyclins E2 and B2, transcription factor E2F1) and histone-related genes (e.g., H4, HINFP, NPAT) are elevated in proliferating AMSCs, while ECM genes are strongly upregulated (>10-fold) in quiescent AMSCs. AMSCs also express pluripotency genes (e.g., POU5F1, NANOG, KLF4) and early mesenchymal markers (e.g., NES, ACTA2) consistent with their multipotent phenotype. Strikingly, AMSCs modulate expression of WNT signaling components and switch production of WNT ligands (from WNT5A/WNT5B/WNT7B to WNT2/WNT2B), while upregulating WNT-related genes (WISP2, SFRP2, and SFRP4). Furthermore, post-proliferative AMSCs spontaneously express fibroblastic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic biomarkers when maintained in confluent cultures. Our findings validate the biological properties of self-renewing and multi-potent AMSCs by providing high-resolution quality control data that support their clinical versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Kim MH, Ham O, Lee SY, Choi E, Lee CY, Park JH, Lee J, Seo HH, Seung M, Choi E, Min PK, Hwang KC. MicroRNA-365 inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting cyclin D1. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1752-61. [PMID: 24819721 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common feature of disease progression in atherosclerosis. Cell proliferation is regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. MicroRNAs (miR) have been reported to act as important gene regulators and play essential roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a cardiovascular disease. However, the roles and mechanisms of miRs in VSMCs and neointimal formation are far from being fully understood. In this study, cell cycle-specific cyclin D1 was found to be a potential target of miR-365 by direct binding. Through an in vitro experiment, we showed that exogenous miR-365 overexpression reduced VSMC proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, while miR-365 was observed to block G1/S transition in platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb)-induced VSMCs. In addition, the proliferation of VSMCs by various stimuli, including PDGF-bb, angiotensin II (Ang II), and serum, led to the downregulation of miR-365 expression levels. The expression of miR-365 was confirmed in balloon-injured carotid arteries. Taken together, our results suggest an anti-proliferative role for miR-365 in VSMC proliferation, at least partly via modulating the expression of cyclin D1. Therefore, miR-365 may influence neointimal formation in atherosclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hyun Kim
- Cardiology Division, Heart Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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19
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Chu Y, Ouyang Y, Wang F, Zheng A, Bai L, Han L, Chen Y, Wang H. MicroRNA-590 promotes cervical cancer cell growth and invasion by targeting CHL1. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:847-53. [PMID: 24288179 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we identified that miR-590-5p was up-regulated in human cervical cancer. Over-expression of miR-590-5p promoted cervical cancer cell growth, cell cycle and invasion via Growth curve, Colony formation, FACS and Transwell assays in HeLa and C33A cell lines. Subsequently, CHL1 was identified as a potential miR-590-5p target by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, we showed that CHL1 was negatively regulated by miR-590-5p at the posttranscriptional level, via a specific target site within the 3'UTR by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of CHL1 in cervical cancer cells were downregulated by miR-590-5p. And we identified the cell phenotype altered by miR-590-5p can be rescued by over-expression of CHL1. Therefore, our findings suggest that miR-590-5p acts as an oncogene by targeting the CHL1 gene and promotes cervical cancer proliferation. The findings of this study contribute to current understanding of the functions of miR-590-5p in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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20
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Peng D, Hu T, Soutto M, Belkhiri A, Zaika A, El-Rifai W. Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 2014; 63:540-51. [PMID: 23580780 PMCID: PMC3825783 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential tumour suppressor functions of glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7) and examine the interplay between epigenetic and genetic events in regulating its expression in oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OAC). DESIGN In vitro and in vivo cell models were developed to investigate the biological and molecular functions of GPX7 in OAC. RESULTS Reconstitution of GPX7 in OAC cell lines, OE33 and FLO-1, significantly suppressed growth as shown by the growth curve, colony formation and EdU proliferation assays. Meanwhile, GPX7-expressing cells displayed significant impairment in G1/S progression and an increase in cell senescence. Concordant with the above functions, Western blot analysis displayed higher levels of p73, p27, p21 and p16 with a decrease in phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (RB), indicating its increased tumour suppressor activities. On the contrary, knockdown of GPX7 in HET1A cells (an immortalised normal oesophageal cell line) rendered the cells growth advantage as indicated with a higher EdU rate, lower levels of p73, p27, p21 and p16 and an increase in phosphorylated RB. We confirmed the tumour suppressor function in vivo using GPX7-expressing OE33 cells in a mouse xenograft model. Pyrosequencing of the GPX7 promoter region (-162 to +138) demonstrated location-specific hypermethylation between +13 and +64 in OAC (69%, 54/78). This was significantly associated with the downregulation of GPX7 (p<0.01). Neither mutations in the coding exons of GPX7 nor DNA copy number losses were frequently present in the OAC examined (<5%). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GPX7 possesses tumour suppressor functions in OAC and is silenced by location-specific promoter DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- DunFa Peng
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - TianLing Hu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN 37232
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21
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Rosenberg M, Fan AX, Lin IJ, Liang SY, Bungert J. Cell-cycle specific association of transcription factors and RNA polymerase ii with the human β-globin gene locus. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1997-2006. [PMID: 23519692 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human β-globin genes are regulated by a locus control region (LCR) and are expressed at extremely high levels in erythroid cells. How transcriptional fidelity of highly expressed genes is regulated and maintained during the cell cycle is not completely understood. Here, we analyzed the association of transcription factor USF, the co-activator CBP, topoisomerase I (Topo I), basal transcription factor TFIIB, and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with the β-globin gene locus at specific cell-cycle stages. The data demonstrate that while association of Pol II with globin locus associated chromatin decreased in mitotically arrested cells, it remained bound at lower levels at the γ-globin gene promoter. During early S-phase, association of CBP, USF, and Pol II with the globin gene locus decreased. The re-association of CBP and USF2 with the LCR preceded re-association of Pol II, suggesting that these proteins together mediate recruitment of Pol II to the β-globin gene locus during S-phase. Finally, we analyzed the association of Topo I with the globin gene locus during late S-phase. In general, Topo I association correlated with the binding of Pol II. Inhibition of Topo I activity reduced Pol II binding at the LCR and intergenic regions but not at the γ-globin gene promoter. The data demonstrate dynamic associations of transcription factors with the globin gene locus during the cell cycle and support previous results showing that specific components of transcription complexes remain associated with highly transcribed genes during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Alex Xiucheng Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - I-Ju Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Shermi Y Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Jörg Bungert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Epigenetics, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
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