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Abbasi MH, Patel SD, Ashour RR, Miley JT, Paydarfar D, Warach S, Saber H. National trends in the endovascular and surgical treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107637. [PMID: 38360251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pattern of surgical treatments for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) in the United States is not well-studied, specifically the trend of utilizing endovascular venous stenting (EVS) as an emerging technique. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the national trend of utilizing different procedures for the treatment of IIH including EVS, Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration (ONSF), and CSF Shunting, with a focus on novel endovascular procedures. Moreover, we explored rates of 90-day readmission and length of hospital stay following different procedures, besides the effects of sociodemographic and clinical parameters on procedure choice. RESULTS 36,437 IIH patients were identified from records between 2010 and 2018. Those in the EVS group were 29 years old on average, and 93.4 % were female. Large academic hospital setting was independently associated with higher EVS utilization, while other factors were not predictive of procedure choice. The proportion of EVS use in IIH hospitalizations increased significantly from 2010 to 2018 (P < 0.001), while there was a relative decline in the frequency of shunting procedures (P = 0.001), with ONSF utilization remaining stable (P = 0.39). The rate of 90-day readmission and length of hospital stay were considerably lower following EVS compared to other procedures (Ps < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study presents novel population-level data on national trends in the frequency and outcome of EVS for IIH therapy. EVS was associated with shorter length of hospital stays and fewer readmission rates. In addition, a continuous increase in venous stenting compared to other procedures suggests an increasing role for endovascular therapies in IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Abbasi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity street, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Smit D Patel
- Department of Neurology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Ramsey R Ashour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jefferson T Miley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity street, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David Paydarfar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity street, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Steven Warach
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity street, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hamidreza Saber
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity street, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Wong GW, Wong BW, Wisecarver SK, Tang AR, Thompson RC, Englot DJ, Conwell TL. Techniques to Reduce the Rate of Infection in Surgeries for Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting in Adults. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e549-e555. [PMID: 38171479 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement is associated with high rates of infection. Multiple standardized protocols, particularly in pediatric populations, have been proposed to mitigate this infection rate. We sought to determine the effectiveness of a standardized shunt infection protocol in a large adult population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of adults presenting for primary cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement from 2012 to 2022. The primary outcome of interest was shunt infection. The primary exposure of interest was implementation of the shunt protocol (began October 2015). Secondary exposures of interest included use and type of perioperative antibiotics and total operating room time. RESULTS In total, 820 patients were included, 140 before protocol implementation and 680 after protocol implementation. The overall number of infections over the study period was 15 (1.8% infection rate), with 8 infections preprotocol (5.7%) and 7 infections during the protocol period (1.0%). The infection protocol was associated with a decreased infection rate (odds rato [OR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05-0.58, P = 0.002). Total operating room time (OR 1.38 per 30-minute increase, 95% CI 1.05-1.81, P = 0.021) was associated with increased infection rate. Patients who received antibiotics with primarily gram-positive coverage (cefazolin or equivalent) did not have significantly different odds of shunt infection as patients who received broad-spectrum coverage (OR 2.10, 95% CI 0.56-7.88, P = 0.274). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of an evidence-based perioperative shunt infection protocol is an effective method to decrease shunt infections. Broad-spectrum perioperative antibiotics may not have greater efficacy than gram-positive only coverage, but more research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther W Wong
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin W Wong
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Alan R Tang
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dario J Englot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Trisha L Conwell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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3
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Dhaliwal J, Ruiz-Perez M, Mihaela-Vasilica A, Chari A, Hill CS, Thorne L. Survival and quality of life after CSF diversion in adult patients with leptomeningeal metastasis-associated hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Focus 2023; 55:E16. [PMID: 37527677 DOI: 10.3171/2023.5.focus23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is associated with altered CSF flow dynamics in 50%-70% of patients. Approximately 1%-5% of patients develop symptomatic LM-associated hydrocephalus (LM-H), which adversely impacts quality of life (QOL), functional status, and overall survival (OS). There is equipoise for CSF diversion procedures in LM-H. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of CSF diversion on OS and QOL in this context. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for articles that evaluated the role of CSF diversion for LM-H due to systemic cancer in adult patients. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models, with mean differences and 95% CIs reported. Bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. RESULTS Ten eligible studies with a total of 494 patients were included. Two studies reported multivariate HRs for median OS, suggesting no significant effect of shunting on OS (pooled HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.09-1.94, p = 0.27). A difference between preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status of mean 17.6 points (95% CI 10.44-24.68, p < 0.0001) was calculated from 4 studies. Across all studies, a symptomatic improvement rate of 67%-100% was observed, with high rates of improvement for headaches and nausea and lower rates for cranial nerve palsies. Complication rates across 9 studies ranged from 0% to 21.1%. CONCLUSIONS Based on the present findings, shunting does not improve OS but does relieve symptoms, suggesting that individuals who exhibit certain symptoms should be considered for CSF diversion. The present findings prompt the generation of a standardized decision-making tool and a critical analysis of the individual patient risk-benefit ratio. Implementation of these will optimize surgical management of LM-H patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Dhaliwal
- 1UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Ruiz-Perez
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Research and Training in Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Aswin Chari
- 3Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- 5Developmental Neuroscience, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ciaran Scott Hill
- 3Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- 6UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Thorne
- 3Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Pedersen SH, Prein TH, Ammar A, Grotenhuis A, Hamilton MG, Hansen TS, Kehler U, Rekate H, Thomale UW, Juhler M. How to define CSF overdrainage: a systematic literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:429-441. [PMID: 36639536 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overdrainage (OD) is one of the most frequent complications related to drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is mostly associated with valve-bearing shunt systems but should probably be considered as a risk factor in any type of CSF diversion procedure. There is extreme variation in the reported incidence of OD due to the lack of consensus on defining criteria and an unclear perception of the pathophysiology. Hence, OD is probably underreported and underestimated. The objective of this paper was to establish a definition of OD, based on a systematic review of the literature. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in MEDLNE and EMBASE. Studies providing a definition or a description of diagnostic findings related to OD in ventriculoperitoneal shunt treated hydrocephalus were included. Non-English titles, abstracts and manuscripts were excluded. Extracted descriptions were graded into five groups (class I-V studies) based on how precise the terminology used to describe OD was. Class I studies were included for further analysis and characteristics of OD were extracted. The quality of included descriptions was assessed by a clinical expert panel. RESULTS A total of 1309 studies were screened, 190 were graded into groups, and 22, which provided specific definitions or descriptions of OD, were graded as class I studies. We extracted 32 different characteristics consistent with OD (e.g., clinical symptoms, radiological signs, and syndromes). CONCLUSION There was an overall agreement that CSF overdrainage following implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a mixed pediatric and adult population is characterized as a persistent condition with clinically manifestations as postural dependent headache, nausea, and vomiting and/or radiological signs of slim ventricles and/or subdural collections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Hannibal Prein
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research and Innovation, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Ammar
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahd University Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mark G Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Uwe Kehler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harold Rekate
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | | | - Marianne Juhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Palmisciano P, Ogasawara C, Nwagwu CD, Bin Alamer O, Gupta AD, Giantini-Larsen AM, Scalia G, Yu K, Umana GE, Cohen-Gadol AA, El Ahmadieh TY, Haider AS. Metastases in the Pineal Region: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features, Management Strategies, and Survival Outcomes. World Neurosurg 2022; 159:156-167.e2. [PMID: 34999267 PMCID: PMC10642482 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineal region metastases are rare but often cause severe neurologic deficits. Surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy can provide therapeutic benefit. We investigated the literature to analyze clinical characteristics, management strategies, and survival of adult patients with pineal region metastases. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched following the PRISMA guidelines, including studies reporting clinical outcomes of patients with pineal region metastases. Clinical presentation, management, and survival were reviewed. RESULTS We included 31 studies comprising 47 patients. Lung cancer (29.8%) and carcinomas of unknown origin (14.9%) were the most frequent primary tumors. In 48.9% of patients, symptomatic pineal metastases preceded primary tumor diagnosis. Headache (67.4%) and confusion (46.5%) were the most common symptoms. Parinaud syndrome (46.5%) and hydrocephalus (87.2%) were noted. Biopsy (65.9%) was preferred over resection (34.1%), and shunting strategies used were endoscopic third ventriculostomy (43.9%) and ventriculoperitoneal (26.8%). Eleven patients (32.3%) received adjuvant chemotherapy and 32 (68%) received radiotherapy. Posttreatment improvement in symptoms (56.6%) and hydrocephalus (80.5%) were noted. In patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy, significant improvement in posttreatment performance status occurred with both biopsy (P < 0.001) and resection (P = 0.007). No survival differences were reported between surgery and biopsy (P = 0.912) or between complete and partial resection (P = 0.220). Overall survival was neither influenced by surgical approach (P = 0.157) nor by shunting strategy (P = 0.822). Mean follow-up was 8 months and median overall survival 3 months. Only 2 cases (4.8%) of pineal metastasis showed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Pineal region metastases carry significant morbidity. Biopsy or surgical resection, combined with adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy and/or shunting, may significantly improve performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy.
| | - Christian Ogasawara
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Othman Bin Alamer
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya D Gupta
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra M Giantini-Larsen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastases Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gianluca Scalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital of National Importance "Garibaldi" Catania, Italy
| | - Kenny Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastases Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giuseppe E Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Aaron A Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tarek Y El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Metastases Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ali S Haider
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Nikaido Y, Urakami H, Akisue T, Okada Y, Kawami Y, Ishida N, Kuroda K, Ohno H, Kajimoto Y, Saura R. Perceived and actual changes in gait balance after CSF shunting in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 144:21-28. [PMID: 33754339 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the perceived and actual changes in gait and balance function immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), including those with mild cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine iNPH patients were assessed using the timed Up and Go (TUG) and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) before and 1-week after CSF shunting and their perceived changes were assessed on a Global Rate of Change (GRC) scale. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method using GRC scores. RESULTS In all patients (n = 99), the TUG value postoperatively was significantly faster than the preoperative value (difference; 3.1 ± 4.6 s, p < 0.001), and the postoperative FGA score was significantly better than the preoperative score (difference; 3.8 ± 3.3 points, p < 0.001). In the TUG <15 s group (n = 51), the postoperative FGA score was significantly improved (difference; 3.3 ± 2.9 points, p < 0.001), whereas the TUG value was only slightly improved (difference; 0.6 ± 1.6 s, p = 0.008). The ROC curve MCIDs of GRC ≥2 points, which is the recommended level of improvement, were 1.7 s (16.5%) for the TUG and 4 points (20.0%) for the FGA in all patients (n = 99) and the TUG <15 s group (n = 51). CONCLUSIONS FGA can be used to confirm treatment effects, including perceived and actual changes after CSF shunting, in patients with mild iNPH. Our results can help clinicians to determine the clinical significance of improvements in gait and balance function immediately after CSF shunting in individual patients with iNPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Nikaido
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Medical College Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Hideyuki Urakami
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Medical College Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences Kio University Nara Japan
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center of Kio University Nara Japan
| | - Yuki Kawami
- Department of Rehabilitation Science Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University Kobe Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Rehabilitation Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital at Nishi‐Harima Hyogo Japan
| | - Naoya Ishida
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Medical College Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Medical College Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Osaka Medical College Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Kajimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery Division of Surgery Osaka Medical College Osaka Japan
| | - Ryuichi Saura
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Division of Comprehensive Medicine Osaka Medical College Osaka Japan
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7
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White I, Tuohy M, Turner M, Lee A. Prepontine Shunting for Pseudotumor Cerebri in Previously Failed Shunt Patients: A 5-Year Analysis. Neurosurgery 2021; 88:306-312. [PMID: 33037814 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shunting procedures have a high failure rate when used to treat pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) patients who have failed medical therapy. This failure is believed to be attributable to the collapsibility of the ventricular system when exposed to increased differential pressure gradients in the cerebral spinal fluid compartments caused by ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether prepontine/interpeduncular cistern shunting may be a reasonable alternative to VPS intervention in PTC patients with history of shunt failure. There have been no large series of cisternal-peritoneal shunt (CPS) patients in the PTC population. METHODS A retrospective review of 49 patients with placement of CPS for PTC with 2 failed prior shunting procedures was performed. Shunt survivability was based on shunt patency and resolution of ophthalmologic symptoms and cranial nerve deficits. All patients were followed for a minimum of 3 yr with serial ophthalmologic and neurosurgical evaluations. RESULTS At 3 yr, 44 of the 49 (88.9%) patients had working CPS. Three patients in this group had infections requiring complete shunt removal. Excluding infections, 44 of 46 (95.5%) shunts were functional at 3 yr. There were 3 small, asymptomatic hemorrhages that did not increase patient length of stay, and there were no catastrophic hemorrhages or strokes. There were also no abdominal complications related to shunt placement. CONCLUSION CPS is a viable alternative to VPS in PTC patients who have failed traditional shunting methods to give these patients a persistent benefit of a working shunt. The procedure provides this solution with low operative and perioperative morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian White
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Megan Tuohy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure of unknown cause that most often occurs in women of childbearing age. Most patients are overweight or obese with a history of recent weight gain. Following a brief review of the symptoms and signs, we discuss the approach to assessment and monitoring of this condition. We then present a practical approach to treatment. Because patients frequently struggle with weight loss and can also have refractory headaches and coexisting psychosocial issues, we emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of this common condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Thurtell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aki Kawasaki
- University of Lausanne, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, Avenue de France 15, Lausanne 1004, Switzerland.
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9
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Tucker A, Kajimoto Y, Ohmura T, Ikeda N, Furuse M, Nonoguchi N, Kawabata S, Kuroiwa T. Fluoroscopic-Guided Paramedian Approach for Lumbar Catheter Placement in Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting: Assessment of Safety and Accuracy. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020; 16:471-477. [PMID: 30011016 PMCID: PMC6417911 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal catheter insertion in lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is frequently associated with technical difficulties especially in patients with obesity and elderly patients with vertebral deformities. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the accuracy and safety of image-guided spinal catheter placement using a paramedian approach (PMA). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 39 consecutive iNPH patients treated by LP shunting with spinal catheter insertion via the PMA. The success rate of catheter placement and the number of changes in puncture location were evaluated. Accuracy of catheter insertion was assessed by measuring both vertical and horizontal deviations in the point of catheter dural penetration from the center of the interlaminar space. RESULTS The success rate of catheter placement was 100% (39/39). The difficulty rate for catheter insertion, measured by the number of changes in puncture location, was 2.6% (1/39). No bloody punctures or surgical infections were observed. Accuracy of catheter insertion, measured as the degree of deviation, was 0.5 ± 1.9 mm horizontally and 0.0 ± 2.4 mm vertically. The rates of minor complications, including caudal catheter insertion, transient low-pressure headache, and root pain, were 5.1% (2/39), 10.4% (4/39), and 0% (0/43), respectively. Subdural hematoma requiring surgical intervention occurred in 1 case (2.6%). During the mean follow-up period of 36 mo, spinal catheter rupture at the level of the spinous processes was not observed. CONCLUSION Fluoroscopic-guided spinal catheter placement via the PMA was safe, accurate, and reliable, even for use in geriatric and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tucker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tomohisa Ohmura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naokado Ikeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomasa Furuse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Collage, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Fernández-Méndez R, Richards HK, Seeley HM, Pickard JD, Joannides AJ. Current epidemiology of cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery in the UK and Ireland (2004-2013). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:747-754. [PMID: 30910858 PMCID: PMC6585267 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine current epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery, including revisions. METHODS A retrospective, multicentre, registry-based study was conducted based on 10 years' data from the UK Shunt Registry, including primary and revision shunting procedures reported between 2004 and 2013. Incidence rates of primary shunts, descriptive statistics and shunt revision rates were calculated stratified by age group, geographical region and year of operation. RESULTS 41 036 procedures in 26 545 patients were submitted during the study period, including 3002 infants, 4389 children and 18 668 adults. Procedures included 20 947 (51.0%) primary shunt insertions in 20 947 patients, and 20 089 (49.0%) revision procedures. Incidence rates of primary shunt insertions for infants, children and adults were 39.5, 2.4 and 3.5 shunts per 100 000 person-years, respectively. These varied by geographical subregion and year of operation. The most common underlying diagnoses were perinatal intraventricular haemorrhage (35.3%) and malformations (33.9%) in infants, tumours (40.5%) and malformations (16.3%) in children, and tumours (24.6%), post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (16.2%) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (14.2%) in adults. Ninety-day revision rates were 21.9%, 18.6% and 12.8% among infants, children and adults, respectively, while first-year revision rates were 31.0%, 25.2% and 17.4%. The main reasons for revision were underdrainage and infection, but overdrainage and mechanical failure continue to pose problems. CONCLUSIONS Our report informs patients, carers, clinicians, providers and commissioners of healthcare, researchers and industry of the current epidemiology of shunting for CSF disorders, including the potential risks of complications and frequency of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Fernández-Méndez
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK .,United Kingdom Shunt Registry, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugh K Richards
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,United Kingdom Shunt Registry, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen M Seeley
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,United Kingdom Shunt Registry, Cambridge, UK
| | - John D Pickard
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,United Kingdom Shunt Registry, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR Brain Injury MedTech Co-operative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexis J Joannides
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,United Kingdom Shunt Registry, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR Brain Injury MedTech Co-operative, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Zivkovic B, Micovic M, Bascarevic V, Savic A, Rasulic L. Simultaneous bone remodeling and surgical decompression of large Sylvian arachnoid cyst. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 41:683-8. [PMID: 29464388 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-0954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The most common location for intracranial arachnoid cysts is the region of the Sylvian fissure, where they can be found in 49% of cases. Management of these cysts is still quite controversial. We present our surgical technique for the treatment of large Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts which involves cyst decompression and simultaneous calvarial remodeling. After decreasing cyst size, remodeling of the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones follows. The cyst itself is treated with a cystoperitoneal shunt. In immediate postoperative period, correction of the deformity is observed. The cyst volume is reduced immediately after surgery, and adequate adaptation of the bone is achieved. Our surgical procedure for simultaneous bone remodeling and cyst decompression is a fast, simple, and effective treatment option for patients with large Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts associated with significant cranial disfigurement. We consider cranial remodeling in case of large arachnoid cyst important not just because of the cosmetic result but also for reducing remaining intracranial space filled with cerebrospinal fluid. It may be an important factor to reduce the risk of intracystic and subdural hemorrhage. It is a widely applicable procedure that does not require special tools and expensive equipment, and yet it can help avoid multiple surgeries and complications tied to them.
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Nikaido Y, Kajimoto Y, Tucker A, Kuroda K, Ohno H, Akisue T, Saura R, Kuroiwa T. Intermittent gait disturbance in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:238-244. [PMID: 29023635 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We identified intermittent gait disturbance (IGD) observed in the mild stage of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The first purpose of this study was to clarify the temporal gait profile of IGD during long-distance gait. The second purpose was to confirm the difference in treatment effect after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting in patients with and without IGD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen consecutive iNPH patients with mild gait disturbance with a timed up-and-go (TUG) of <20 seconds were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients were asked "Do you experience gait difficulty after over five minutes of walking?" Seven "yes" patients formed the IGD group, and seven "no" patients formed the persistent gait disturbance (PGD) group. One day before and 7 days after CSF shunting, gait function was evaluated by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and TUG. RESULTS Preoperatively, all patients in the IGD group demonstrated features of IGD during the 6MWT, characterized by a progressive pattern of decreased gait speed and step length with increased cadence and absence of leg pain. Post-operatively, these features of IGD improved in all patients. In the PGD group, preoperative walking did not significantly worsen during the 6MWT and did not significantly change 7 days after treatment. Improvement of gait symptoms 1 week after CSF shunting could be detected with 6MWT instead of TUG. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent gait disturbance is not a rare symptom in mild stage of iNPH and may serve as an important clinical diagnostic marker for identifying mild iNPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Nikaido
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki Osaka Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | | | - Adam Tucker
- Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical Collage Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Ryuichi Saura
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Division of Comprehensive Medicine Osaka Medical Collage Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuroiwa
- Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical Collage Takatsuki Osaka Japan
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Santos MV, Garcia CA, Jardini EO, Romeiro TH, da Silva Lopes L, Machado HR, de Oliveira RS. Ventricular-subcutaneous shunt for the treatment of experimental hydrocephalus in young rats: technical note. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:1507-11. [PMID: 26906479 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrocephalus is a complex disease that affects cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and is very common in children. To this date, CSF shunting is still the standard treatment for childhood hydrocephalus, but, nevertheless, the effects of such an operation on the developing brain are widely unknown. To help overcome this, experimental models of CSF shunts are surely very useful tools. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe a feasible and reliable technique of an adapted ventricular-subcutaneous shunt for the treatment of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in young rats. METHODS We developed a ventricular-subcutaneous shunt (VSCS) technique which was used in 31 Wistar young rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was induced at 7 days of age, and shunt implantation was performed 7 days later. Our technique used a 0.7-mm gauge polypropylene catheter tunneled to a subcutaneous pocket created over the animal's back and inserted into the right lateral ventricle. All animals were sacrificed 14 days after shunt insertion. RESULTS Twenty-four rats survived and remained well until the study was ended. No major complications were seen. Their weight gain went back to normal. They all underwent ambulatory behavioral testing prior and after VSCS, which showed improvement in their motor skills. We have also obtained magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 16 pups confirming reduction of ventricular size after shunting and indicating effective treatment. Histopathological analysis of brain samples before and after shunting showed reversion of ependymal and corpus callosum disruption, as well as fewer reactive astrocytes in shunted animals. CONCLUSIONS An experimental CSF shunt technique was devised. Excessive CSF of hydrocephalic rats is diverted into the subcutaneous space where it can be resorbed. This technique has a low complication rate and is effective. It might be applied to various types of experimental studies involving induction and treatment of hydrocephalus.
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