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Pagano F, Picchio V, Bordin A, Cavarretta E, Nocella C, Cozzolino C, Floris E, Angelini F, Sordano A, Peruzzi M, Miraldi F, Biondi-Zoccai G, De Falco E, Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Chimenti I. Progressive stages of dysmetabolism are associated with impaired biological features of human cardiac stromal cells mediated by the oxidative state and autophagy. J Pathol 2022; 258:136-148. [PMID: 35751644 PMCID: PMC9542980 DOI: 10.1002/path.5985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) are the main players in fibrosis. Dysmetabolic conditions (metabolic syndrome—MetS, and type 2 diabetes mellitus—DM2) are strong pathogenetic contributors to cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, modulation of the oxidative state (OxSt) and autophagy is a fundamental function affecting the fibrotic commitment of CSCs, that are adversely modulated in MetS/DM2. We aimed to characterize CSCs from dysmetabolic patients, and to obtain a beneficial phenotypic setback from such fibrotic commitment by modulation of OxSt and autophagy. CSCs were isolated from 38 patients, stratified as MetS, DM2, or controls. Pharmacological modulation of OxSt and autophagy was obtained by treatment with trehalose and NOX4/NOX5 inhibitors (TREiNOX). Flow‐cytometry and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses showed significantly increased expression of myofibroblasts markers in MetS‐CSCs at baseline (GATA4, ACTA2, THY1/CD90) and after starvation (COL1A1, COL3A1). MetS‐ and DM2‐CSCs displayed a paracrine profile distinct from control cells, as evidenced by screening of 30 secreted cytokines, with a significant reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). DM2‐CSCs showed significantly reduced support for endothelial cells in angiogenic assays, and significantly increased H2O2 release and NOX4/5 expression levels. Autophagy impairment after starvation (reduced ATG7 and LC3‐II proteins) was also detectable in DM2‐CSCs. TREiNOX treatment significantly reduced ACTA2, COL1A1, COL3A1, and NOX4 expression in both DM2‐ and MetS‐CSCs, as well as GATA4 and THY1/CD90 in DM2, all versus control cells. Moreover, TREiNOX significantly increased VEGF release by DM2‐CSCs, and VEGF and endoglin release by both MetS‐ and DM2‐CSCs, also recovering the angiogenic support to endothelial cells by DM2‐CSCs. In conclusion, DM2 and MetS worsen microenvironmental conditioning by CSCs. Appropriate modulation of autophagy and OxSt in human CSCs appears to restore these features, mostly in DM2‐CSCs, suggesting a novel strategy against cardiac fibrosis in dysmetabolic patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Sordano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
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Amendola A, Garoffolo G, Songia P, Nardacci R, Ferrari S, Bernava G, Canzano P, Myasoedova V, Colavita F, Castilletti C, Sberna G, Capobianchi MR, Piacentini M, Agrifoglio M, Colombo GI, Poggio P, Pesce M. Human cardiosphere-derived stromal cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2 evolve into hyper-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotype and produce infective viral particles depending on the levels of ACE2 receptor expression. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1557-1566. [PMID: 33705542 PMCID: PMC7989620 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with severe respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 undergo cardiac complications due to hyper-inflammatory conditions. Although the presence of the virus has been detected in the myocardium of infected patients, and infection of induced pluripotent cells-derived cardiomyocytes has been demonstrated, the reported expression of ACE2 in cardiac stromal cells suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may determine cardiac injury by sustaining productive infection and increasing inflammation. Methods and Results We analyzed expression of ACE2 receptor in primary human cardiac stromal cells derived from cardiospheres, using proteomics and transcriptomics before exposing them to SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Using conventional and high sensitivity PCR methods, we measured virus release in the cellular supernatants and monitored the intracellular viral bioprocessing. We performed high-resolution imaging to show the sites of intracellular viral production and demonstrated the presence of viral particles in the cells with electron microscopy. We finally used RT-qPCR assays to detect genes linked to innate immunity and fibrotic pathways coherently regulated in cells after exposure to the virus. Conclusions Our findings indicate that cardiac stromal cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and produce variable viral yields depending on the extent of cellular ACE2 receptor expression. Interestingly, these cells also evolved toward hyper-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes independently of ACE2 levels. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection of myocardial stromal cells could be involved in cardiac injury, and explain the high number of complications observed in severe cases of COVID-19. Translational Perspective In the present investigation, we provide evidence that human cardiac stromal cells, a major component of the non-contractile cellular fraction in the heart can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, in direct relationship to the extent of ACE2 receptor expression. Our work also suggests that these cells, when exposed to the virus, can evolve toward inflammatory and fibrotic phenotypes independently of ACE2. In addition to describing a novel cellular target of SARS-CoV-2 in the human heart, our study generates new hypothesis on potential mechanisms underlying cardiac complications observed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amendola
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Garoffolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy.,DIMET Ph.D. program, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Paola Songia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy.,Ph.D. program in Translational Medicine, Università degli studi di Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bernava
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Canzano
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Colavita
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy.,Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via C. Parea, 4, Milan, Italy
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Rainer J, Meraviglia V, Blankenburg H, Piubelli C, Pramstaller PP, Paolin A, Cogliati E, Pompilio G, Sommariva E, Domingues FS, Rossini A. The arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-specific coding and non-coding transcriptome in human cardiac stromal cells. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:491. [PMID: 29940860 PMCID: PMC6019788 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic autosomal disease characterized by abnormal cell-cell adhesion, cardiomyocyte death, progressive fibro-adipose replacement of the myocardium, arrhythmias and sudden death. Several different cell types contribute to the pathogenesis of ACM, including, as recently described, cardiac stromal cells (CStCs). In the present study, we aim to identify ACM-specific expression profiles of human CStCs derived from endomyocardial biopsies of ACM patients and healthy individuals employing TaqMan Low Density Arrays for miRNA expression profiling, and high throughput sequencing for gene expression quantification. Results We identified 3 miRNAs and 272 genes as significantly differentially expressed at a 5% false discovery rate. Both the differentially expressed genes as well as the target genes of the ACM-specific miRNAs were found to be enriched in cell adhesion-related biological processes. Functional similarity and protein interaction-based network analyses performed on the identified deregulated genes, miRNA targets and known ACM-causative genes revealed clusters of highly related genes involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, lipid transport and ephrin receptor signaling. Conclusions We determined for the first time the coding and non-coding transcriptome characteristic of ACM cardiac stromal cells, finding evidence for a potential contribution of miRNAs, specifically miR-29b-3p, to ACM pathogenesis or phenotype maintenance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4876-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rainer
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Hagen Blankenburg
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Adolfo Paolin
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Piazzalo Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Elisa Cogliati
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Piazzalo Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco S Domingues
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Marini M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Manetti M. Cardiac Telocyte-Derived Exosomes and Their Possible Implications in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018; 998:237-254. [PMID: 28936744 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among cardiac interstitial cells, the recently described telocytes (TCs) display the unique ability to build a supportive three-dimensional network formed by their very long and thin prolongations named telopodes. Cardiac TCs are increasingly regarded as pivotal regulators in intercellular signaling with multiple cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, stem/progenitor cells, microvessels, nerve endings, fibroblasts and immune cells, thus converting the cardiac stromal compartment into an integrated system that may drive either heart development or maintenance of cardiac homeostasis in post-natal life. Besides direct intercellular communications between TCs and neighboring cells, different types of TC-released extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes, ectosomes and multivesicular cargos, may act as shuttles for paracrine molecular signal exchange between cardiac TCs and cardiomyocytes or putative cardiomyocyte progenitors. In this review, we summarize the recent research findings on cardiac TCs and their EVs. We first provide an overview of the general features of TCs, including their peculiar morphological traits and immunophenotypes, intercellular signaling mechanisms and possible functional roles. Thereafter, we describe the distribution of TCs in normal and diseased hearts, as well as their role as intercellular communicators via the release of exosomes and other types of EVs. Finally, the involvement of cardiac TCs in cardiovascular diseases and the potential utility of TC transplantation and TC-derived exosomes in cardiac regeneration and repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirca Marini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy.
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