The Necessity of Upper Extremity Neurologic Examination while Evaluating Breast Pain

Introduction

Breast pain is one of the most frequent complaints and occurs in 45-69% of all women. Cervical disc herniation is a common cause of cervical radiculopathy with an incidence rate of 18.6 per 100,000, and it should be considered as a cause of breast pain.

Objective

To identify the extent to which upper extremity neurologic findings and cervical root disorders accompany breast pain.

Methods

We prospectively collected clinical features of patients with breast pain. An upper extremity neurologic examination was performed in patients and controls. Patients who had neurologic findings underwent cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify cervical root disorders.

Results

Out of the 554 participants, 233 had breast pain, and 321 were controls. Women with breast pain had more numbness (116 [49.8%] vs. 104 [32.4%], p < 0.001) and more dysesthesia (36 [15.5%] vs. 17 [5.3%], p < 0.001) than the controls, but they had similar upper extremity weakness (10 [4.3%] vs. 14 [4.4%], p > 0.05). The number of women with one neurologic finding was significantly greater in the group with breast pain (119 [51.1%] vs. 111 [34.6%], p < 0.001). Ninety (16.2%) patients underwent a cervical vertebra MRI, which showed that 86 (95.6%) patients had cervical root disorders including 21 (23.3%) cases of bulging, 9 (10%) of annular tear, and 56 (62.2%) of central disc protrusion; 4 (4.4%) patients had normal findings. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the only significant predictor of neurologic findings in patients with breast pain (p < 0.05, OR: 1.02, CI: 1.002-1.053).

Conclusions

Cervical root disorders should be considered as a cause of extramammary breast pain.