Energetic, bio-oil, biochar, and ash performances of co-pyrolysis-gasification of textile dyeing sludge and Chinese medicine residues in response to K2CO3, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature

Hazardous waste stream needs to be managed so as not to exceed stock- and rate-limited properties of its recipient ecosystems. The co-pyrolysis of Chinese medicine residue (CMR) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and its bio-oil, biochar, and ash quality and quantity were characterized as a function of the immersion of K2CO3, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature. Compared to the mono-pyrolysis of TDS, its co-pyrolysis performance with CMR (the comprehensive performance index (CPI)) significantly improved by 33.9% in the N2 atmosphere and 33.2% in the CO2 atmosphere. The impregnation catalyzed the co-pyrolysis at 370°C, reduced its activation energy by 77.3 kJ/mol in the N2 atmosphere and 134.6 kJ/mol in the CO2 atmosphere, and enriched the degree of coke gasification by 44.25% in the CO2 atmosphere. The impregnation increased the decomposition rate of the co-pyrolysis by weakening the bond energy of fatty side chains and bridge bonds, its catalytic and secondary products, and its bio-oil yield by 66.19%. Its bio-oils mainly contained olefins, aromatic structural substances, and alcohols. The immersion of K2CO3 improved the aromaticity of the co-pyrolytic biochars and reduced the contact between K and Si which made it convenient for Mg to react with SiO2 to form magnesium-silicate. The co-pyrolytic biochar surfaces mainly included -OH, -CH2, C=C, and Si-O-Si. The main phases in the co-pyrolytic ash included Ca5(PO4)3(OH), Al2O3, and magnesium-silicate.

Effects of metals and persistent organic pollutants on the fitness and health of juveniles of the endangered european sturgeon Acipenser sturio Exposed to W1ater and sediments of the garonne and dordogne rivers

The last remaining population of European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) lives in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne (France) catchment (GGD). Captive young individuals are released into the GGD hydrosystem each year, as part of a restocking programme. This study aims to assess the health status of juveniles A. sturio to current conditions in the GGD hydrosystem, to evaluate their capacity to survive and grow in a moderately anthropized ecosystems. 3-month-old farmed sturgeons were exposed for one month in experimental conditions that mimic the environmental conditions in the Garonne and Dordogne rivers, followed by five months of depuration. After one month of exposure, fish exposed to Dordogne and Garonne waters bioaccumulated higher levels of metals and persistent organic pollutants, displayed a reduced hepato-somatic index, and had depleted levels of lipids and glycogen content in their liver, when compared with the Reference group. However, metabolic and swimming performance, as well as the costs of swimming were not impaired. After the 5 months depuration, a significant decrease of K was observed for all exposure conditions. HSI also decreased with time. The overall health status and adaptive capacity of juvenile A. sturio appeared to be maintained over the experimental 6 months' period. Juveniles of A. sturio seem to have the adaptive capacity to survive and grow in the GGD hydrosystem, after being released as part of a restocking programme.