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Qing S, Hao F, Liang L, Zunhao H, Hongkui Z, Wenbao J, Yongsheng L, Daqian H. Study on the intrinsic detection efficiency of scintillator/ Cherenkov detector for monitoring 14MeV neutrons by using foil activation method. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109761. [PMID: 33971549 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A neutron detector, based on scintillator and Cherenkov detector, was designed to monitor the D-T neutron generator in a PGNAA online measurement system in our previous study. In this paper, the foil activation method was used to study the intrinsic detection efficiency of the detector to the D-T neutron generator. The Fe foil with 99.99% purity was selected as the activation foil. The experiments and the GEANT4 simulations were carried out to study the intrinsic detection efficiency of the monitor. The results show that the intrinsic detection efficiency of the monitor is 20.42% ± 0.76%. Then, the calibrated detector and Fe foils were simultaneously used to measure the neutron flux of D-T neutron generator. The relative deviation between the results of the two methods is 5.64%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qing
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Hu Zunhao
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Zhu Hongkui
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Jia Wenbao
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China.
| | - Ling Yongsheng
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technolgy, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China; Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
| | - Hei Daqian
- Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211106, China
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Margiotta A. Searches for exotica and dark matter with neutrino telescopes. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20190084. [PMID: 31707966 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neutrino telescopes are designed to search for neutrino sources in the Universe, exploiting the Cherenkov light emitted along the path of the charged particles produced in interactions occurring close to the detector volume. Their huge size and the shield offered by large water or ice overburden make them excellent tools to search for exotic and rare particles in the cosmic radiation. In particular, they are sensitive to particles not predicted by the Standard Model that could be messenger of new physics. An overview of the experimental scenario and the relevant results obtained looking for magnetic monopoles, dark matter candidates and other exotic relic particles with neutrino telescopes is given, together with the description of possible new perspectives. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Topological avatars of new physics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna and INFN - Sezione di Bologna, viale C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) has been widely used as a radiator gas in pressure threshold Cherenkov detectors for high-energy particle physics. However, that compound is becoming unavailable due to the Montreal Protocol. To find a replacement with suitably high refractive index, we use a combination of theory and experiment to examine the polarizability and refractivity of several non-ozone-depleting compounds. Our measurements show that the fourth-generation refrigerants R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) and R-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) have sufficient refractivity to replace R-12 in this application. If the slight flammability of these compounds is a problem, two nonflammable alternatives are R-218 (octafluoropropane), which has a high Global Warming Potential, and R-13I1 (trifluoroiodomethane), which has low Ozone Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential but may not be sufficiently inert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Harvey
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Eugene Paulechka
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Patrick F. Egan
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Shan Q, Chu S, Ling Y, Cai P, Jia W. Designing a new type of neutron detector for neutron and gamma-ray discrimination via GEANT4. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 110:200-4. [PMID: 26844541 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design of a new type of neutron detector, consisting of a fast neutron converter, plastic scintillator, and Cherenkov detector, to discriminate 14-MeV fast neutrons and gamma rays in a pulsed n-γ mixed field and monitor their neutron fluxes is reported in this study. Both neutrons and gamma rays can produce fluorescence in the scintillator when they are incident on the detector. However, only the secondary charged particles of the gamma rays can produce Cherenkov light in the Cherenkov detector. The neutron and gamma-ray fluxes can be calculated by measuring the fluorescence and Cherenkov light. The GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit is used to simulate the whole process occurring in the detector, whose optimum parameters are known. Analysis of the simulation results leads to a calculation method of neutron flux. This method is verified by calculating the neutron fluxes using pulsed n-γ mixed fields with different n/γ ratios, and the results show that the relative errors of all calculations are <5%.
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