1
|
Zhang LQ, Li QZ. Estimating the effects of transcription factors binding and histone modifications on gene expression levels in human cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40090-40103. [PMID: 28454114 PMCID: PMC5522221 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors and histone modifications are vital for the regulation of gene expression. Hence, to estimate the effects of transcription factors binding and histone modifications on gene expression, we construct a statistical model for the genome-wide 15 transcription factors binding data, 10 histone modifications profiles and DNase-I hypersensitivity data in three mammalian. Remarkably, our results show POLR2A and H3K36me3 can highly and consistently predict gene expression in three cell lines. And H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K9ac are more reliable predictors than other histone modifications in human embryonic stem cells. Moreover, genome-wide statistical redundancies exist within and between transcription factors and histone modifications, and these phenomena may be caused by the regulation mechanism. In further study, we find that even though transcription factors and histone modifications offer similar effects on expression levels of genome-wide genes, the effects of transcription factors and histone modifications on predictive abilities are different for genes in independent biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qian-Zhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pichugin A, Iarovaia OV, Gavrilov A, Sklyar I, Barinova N, Barinov A, Ivashkin E, Caron G, Aoufouchi S, Razin SV, Fest T, Lipinski M, Vassetzky YS. The IGH locus relocalizes to a "recombination compartment" in the perinucleolar region of differentiating B-lymphocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40079-40089. [PMID: 28445143 PMCID: PMC5522243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene loci are subject to specific recombination events during B-cell differentiation including somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination which mark the end of immunoglobulin gene maturation in germinal centers of secondary lymph nodes. These two events rely on the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) which requires DNA double strand breaks be created, a potential danger to the cell. Applying 3D-fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with immunofluorescence staining to a previously described experimental system recapitulating normal B-cell differentiation ex vivo, we have kinetically analyzed the radial positioning of the two IGH gene loci as well as their proximity with the nucleolus, heterochromatin and γH2AX foci. Our observations are consistent with the proposal that these IGH gene rearrangements take place in a specific perinucleolar “recombination compartment” where AID could be sequestered thus limiting the extent of its potentially deleterious off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Pichugin
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Iarovaia
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexey Gavrilov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Ilya Sklyar
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Natalja Barinova
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Aleksandr Barinov
- LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Evgeny Ivashkin
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France.,Department of Experimental Neurocytology, Research Center of Neurology, Branch of Brain Research, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gersende Caron
- INSERM U1236, CHU de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- UMR8200 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sergey V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thierry Fest
- INSERM U1236, CHU de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Lipinski
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris Sud Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie, Villejuif, France.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrestha RL, Ahn GS, Staples MI, Sathyan KM, Karpova TS, Foltz DR, Basrai MA. Mislocalization of centromeric histone H3 variant CENP-A contributes to chromosomal instability (CIN) in human cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46781-46800. [PMID: 28596481 PMCID: PMC5564523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of many cancers and a major contributor to tumorigenesis. Centromere and kinetochore associated proteins such as the evolutionarily conserved centromeric histone H3 variant CENP-A, associate with centromeric DNA for centromere function and chromosomal stability. Stringent regulation of cellular CENP-A levels prevents its mislocalization in yeast and flies to maintain genome stability. CENP-A overexpression and mislocalization are observed in several cancers and reported to be associated with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis. We examined whether there is a direct relationship between mislocalization of overexpressed CENP-A and CIN using HeLa and chromosomally stable diploid RPE1 cell lines as model systems. Our results show that mislocalization of overexpressed CENP-A to chromosome arms leads to chromosome congression defects, lagging chromosomes, micronuclei formation and a delay in mitotic exit. CENP-A overexpressing cells showed altered localization of centromere and kinetochore associated proteins such as CENP-C, CENP-T and Nuf2 leading to weakened native kinetochores as shown by reduced interkinetochore distance and CIN. Importantly, our results show that mislocalization of CENP-A to chromosome arms is one of the major contributors for CIN as depletion of histone chaperone DAXX prevents CENP-A mislocalization and rescues the reduced interkinetochore distance and CIN phenotype in CENP-A overexpressing cells. In summary, our results establish that CENP-A overexpression and mislocalization result in a CIN phenotype in human cells. This study provides insights into how overexpression of CENP-A may contribute to CIN in cancers and underscore the importance of understanding the pathways that prevent CENP-A mislocalization for genome stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace S Ahn
- Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kizhakke M Sathyan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tatiana S Karpova
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Foltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren L, Chen L, Wu W, Garribba L, Tian H, Liu Z, Vogel I, Li C, Hickson ID, Liu Y. Potential biomarkers of DNA replication stress in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36996-37008. [PMID: 28445142 PMCID: PMC5514887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene activation is an established driver of tumorigenesis. An apparently inevitable consequence of oncogene activation is the generation of DNA replication stress (RS), a feature common to most cancer cells. RS, in turn, is a causal factor in the development of chromosome instability (CIN), a near universal feature of solid tumors. It is likely that CIN and RS are mutually reinforcing drivers that not only accelerate tumorigenesis, but also permit cancer cells to adapt to diverse and hostile environments. This article reviews the genetic changes present in cancer cells that influence oncogene-induced RS and CIN, with a particular emphasis on regions of the human genome that show enhanced sensitivity to the destabilizing effects of RS, such as common fragile sites. Because RS exists in a wide range of cancer types, we propose that the proteins involved counteracting this stress are potential biomarkers for indicating the degree of RS in cancer specimens. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a pilot study to validate whether some of proteins that are known from in vitro studies to play an essential role in the RS pathway could be suitable as a biomarker. Our results indicated that this is possible. With this review and pilot study, we aim to accelerate the development of a biomarker for analysis of RS in tumor biopsy specimens, which could ultimately help to stratify patients for different forms of therapy such as the RS inhibitors already undergoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ren
- Basic Medical Research Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Long Chen
- Basic Medical Research Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lorenza Garribba
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huanna Tian
- Basic Medical Research Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zihui Liu
- Pathology Department, Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ivan Vogel
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chunhui Li
- Pathology Department, Affiliated Hospital, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Yuan J, Yao X, Zhang R, Yang H, Zhao R, Guo J, Jin K, Mei H, Luo Y, Zhao L, Tu M, Zhu Y. BMPR1B mutation causes Pierre Robin sequence. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25864-25871. [PMID: 28418932 PMCID: PMC5432222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated a large family with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Aim of the study This study aims to determine the genetic cause of PRS. Results The reciprocal translocation t(4;6)(q22;p21) was identified to be segregated with PRS in a three-generation family. Whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing successfully detected breakpoints in the intragenic regions of BMRP1B and GRM4. We hypothesized that PRS in this family was caused by (i) haploinsufficiency for BMPR1B or (ii) a gain of function mechanism mediated by the BMPR1B-GRM4 fusion gene. In an unrelated family, we identified another BMPR1B-splicing mutation that co-segregated with PRS. Conclusion We detected two BMPR1B mutations in two unrelated PRS families, suggesting that BMPR1B disruption is probably a cause of human PRS. Methods GTG banding, comparative genomic hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the gene causing PRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianying Yuan
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Division of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Division of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Jihong Guo
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Jin
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Mei
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqi Luo
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Zhao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute , Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Institute of Emergency Medicine, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abe T, Kawasumi R, Arakawa H, Hori T, Shirahige K, Losada A, Fukagawa T, Branzei D. Chromatin determinants of the inner-centromere rely on replication factors with functions that impart cohesion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67934-67947. [PMID: 27636994 PMCID: PMC5356530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication fork-associated factors promote genome integrity and protect against cancer. Mutations in the DDX11 helicase and the ESCO2 acetyltransferase also cause related developmental disorders classified as cohesinopathies. Here we generated vertebrate model cell lines of these disorders and cohesinopathies-related genes. We found that vertebrate DDX11 and Tim-Tipin are individually needed to compensate for ESCO2 loss in chromosome segregation, with DDX11 also playing complementary roles with ESCO2 in centromeric cohesion. Our study reveals that overt centromeric cohesion loss does not necessarily precede chromosome missegregation, while both these problems correlate with, and possibly originate from, inner-centromere defects involving reduced phosphorylation of histone H3T3 (pH3T3) in the region. Interestingly, the mitotic pH3T3 mark was defective in all analyzed replication-related mutants with functions in cohesion. The results pinpoint mitotic pH3T3 as a postreplicative chromatin mark that is sensitive to replication stress and conducts with different kinetics to robust centromeric cohesion and correct chromosome segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Abe
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Ryotaro Kawasumi
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Tetsuya Hori
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dana Branzei
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang J, Jo U, Joo SY, Kim H. FBW7 regulates DNA interstrand cross-link repair by modulating FAAP20 degradation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35724-35740. [PMID: 27232758 PMCID: PMC5094957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations that deregulate protein degradation lead to human malignancies. The SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase complex degrades key oncogenic regulators, thereby limiting their oncogenic potential. FBW7 is a substrate recognition subunit of SCFFBW7 and is among the most commonly mutated ubiquitin-proteasome system proteins in cancer. FBW7-mutated cancer cells display increased genome instability, but the molecular mechanism by which FBW7 preserves genome integrity remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that SCFFBW7 regulates the stability of FAAP20, a critical component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair pathway. Phosphorylation of the FAAP20 degron motif by GSK3β provides a platform for recognition and polyubiquitination of FAAP20 by FBW7, and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Accordingly, enhanced GSK3β-FBW7 signaling disrupts the FA pathway. In cells expressing non-phosphorylatable FAAP20 mutant, the turnover of its binding partner, FANCA, is deregulated in the chromatin during DNA ICL repair, and the FA pathway is compromised. We propose that FAAP20 degradation, which is prompted by its phosphorylation, controls the dynamics of the FA core complex required for completing DNA ICL repair. Together, this study provides insights into how FBW7-mediated proteolysis regulates genome stability and how its deregulation is associated with tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ukhyun Jo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gomez-Escobar N, Almobadel N, Alzahrani O, Feichtinger J, Planells-Palop V, Alshehri Z, Thallinger GG, Wakeman JA, McFarlane RJ. Translin and Trax differentially regulate telomere-associated transcript homeostasis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33809-20. [PMID: 27183912 PMCID: PMC5085120 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Translin and Trax proteins are highly conserved nucleic acid binding proteins that have been implicated in RNA regulation in a range of biological processes including tRNA processing, RNA interference, microRNA degradation during oncogenesis, spermatogenesis and neuronal regulation. Here, we explore the function of this paralogue pair of proteins in the fission yeast. Using transcript analysis we demonstrate a reciprocal mechanism for control of telomere-associated transcripts. Mutation of tfx1+ (Trax) elevates transcript levels from silenced sub-telomeric regions of the genome, but not other silenced regions, such as the peri-centromeric heterochromatin. In the case of some sub-telomeric transcripts, but not all, this elevation is dependent on the Trax paralogue, Tsn1 (Translin). In a reciprocal fashion, Tsn1 (Translin) serves to repress levels of transcripts (TERRAs) from the telomeric repeats, whereas Tfx1 serves to maintain these elevated levels. This reveals a novel mechanism for the regulation of telomeric transcripts. We extend this to demonstrate that human Translin and Trax also control telomere-associated transcript levels in human cells in a telomere-specific fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gomez-Escobar
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Nasser Almobadel
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Othman Alzahrani
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vicente Planells-Palop
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Zafer Alshehri
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jane A Wakeman
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Ramsay J McFarlane
- North West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Druliner BR, Vera D, Johnson R, Ruan X, Apone LM, Dimalanta ET, Stewart FJ, Boardman L, Dennis JH. Comprehensive nucleosome mapping of the human genome in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13429-45. [PMID: 26735342 PMCID: PMC4924652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered chromatin structure is a hallmark of cancer, and inappropriate regulation of chromatin structure may represent the origin of transformation. Important studies have mapped human nucleosome distributions genome wide, but the role of chromatin structure in cancer progression has not been addressed. We developed a MNase-Transcription Start Site Sequence Capture method (mTSS-seq) to map the nucleosome distribution at human transcription start sites genome-wide in primary human lung and colon adenocarcinoma tissue. Here, we confirm that nucleosome redistribution is an early, widespread event in lung (LAC) and colon (CRC) adenocarcinoma. These altered nucleosome architectures are consistent between LAC and CRC patient samples indicating that they may serve as important early adenocarcinoma markers. We demonstrate that the nucleosome alterations are driven by the underlying DNA sequence and potentiate transcription factor binding. We conclude that DNA-directed nucleosome redistributions are widespread early in cancer progression. We have proposed an entirely new hierarchical model for chromatin-mediated genome regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R Druliner
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel Vera
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,The Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruth Johnson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyang Ruan
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lynn M Apone
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eileen T Dimalanta
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fiona J Stewart
- New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H Dennis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,The Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tambe M, Pruikkonen S, Mäki-Jouppila J, Chen P, Elgaaen BV, Straume AH, Huhtinen K, Cárpen O, Lønning PE, Davidson B, Hautaniemi S, Kallio MJ. Novel Mad2-targeting miR-493-3p controls mitotic fidelity and cancer cells' sensitivity to paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12267-85. [PMID: 26943585 PMCID: PMC4914283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways that contribute to the proliferation and drug response of cancer cells are highly complex and currently insufficiently characterized. We have identified a previously unknown microRNA-based mechanism that provides cancer cells means to stimulate tumorigenesis via increased genomic instability and, at the same time, evade the action of clinically utilized microtubule drugs. We demonstrate miR-493-3p to be a novel negative regulator of mitotic arrest deficient-2 (MAD2), an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint that monitors the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The microRNA targets the 3′ UTR of Mad2 mRNA thereby preventing translation of the Mad2 protein. In cancer cells, overexpression of miR-493-3p induced a premature mitotic exit that led to increased frequency of aneuploidy and cellular senescence in the progeny cells. Importantly, excess of the miR-493-3p conferred resistance of cancer cells to microtubule drugs. In human neoplasms, miR-493-3p and Mad2 expression alterations correlated with advanced ovarian cancer forms and high miR-493-3p levels were associated with reduced survival of ovarian and breast cancer patients with aggressive tumors, especially in the paclitaxel therapy arm. Our results suggest that intratumoral profiling of miR-493-3p and Mad2 levels can have diagnostic value in predicting the efficacy of taxane chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Tambe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery, Finland
| | - Sofia Pruikkonen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Program of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Mäki-Jouppila
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery, Finland
| | - Ping Chen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bente Vilming Elgaaen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hege Straume
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Clinical Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Cárpen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Auria Biobank, Turku, Finland
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Clinical Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko J Kallio
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Van Coillie S, Liang L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Fang JY, Xu J. OncoBinder facilitates interpretation of proteomic interaction data by capturing coactivation pairs in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:17608-15. [PMID: 26872056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput methods such as co-immunoprecipitationmass spectrometry (coIP-MS) and yeast 2 hybridization (Y2H) have suggested a broad range of unannotated protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and interpretation of these PPIs remains a challenging task. The advancements in cancer genomic researches allow for the inference of "coactivation pairs" in cancer, which may facilitate the identification of PPIs involved in cancer. Here we present OncoBinder as a tool for the assessment of proteomic interaction data based on the functional synergy of oncoproteins in cancer. This decision tree-based method combines gene mutation, copy number and mRNA expression information to infer the functional status of protein-coding genes. We applied OncoBinder to evaluate the potential binders of EGFR and ERK2 proteins based on the gastric cancer dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). As a result, OncoBinder identified high confidence interactions (annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) or validated by low-throughput assays) more efficiently than co-expression based method. Taken together, our results suggest that evaluation of gene functional synergy in cancer may facilitate the interpretation of proteomic interaction data. The OncoBinder toolbox for Matlab is freely accessible online.
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Wilson
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U869, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U869, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - C Axel Innis
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, INSERM U869, Pessac, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Sexton BS, Druliner BR, Vera DL, Avey D, Zhu F, Dennis JH. Hierarchical regulation of the genome: global changes in nucleosome organization potentiate genome response. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6460-75. [PMID: 26771136 PMCID: PMC4872727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleosome occupancy is critically important in regulating access to the eukaryotic genome. Few studies in human cells have measured genome-wide nucleosome distributions at high temporal resolution during a response to a common stimulus. We measured nucleosome distributions at high temporal resolution following Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation using our newly developed mTSS-seq technology, which maps nucleosome distribution at the transcription start sites (TSS) of all human genes. Nucleosomes underwent widespread changes in organization 24 hours after KSHV reactivation and returned to their basal nucleosomal architecture 48 hours after KSHV reactivation. The widespread changes consisted of an indiscriminate remodeling event resulting in the loss of nucleosome rotational phasing signals. Additionally, one in six TSSs in the human genome possessed nucleosomes that are translationally remodeled. 72% of the loci with translationally remodeled nucleosomes have nucleosomes that moved to positions encoded by the underlying DNA sequence. Finally we demonstrated that these widespread alterations in nucleosomal architecture potentiated regulatory factor binding. These descriptions of nucleosomal architecture changes provide a new framework for understanding the role of chromatin in the genomic response, and have allowed us to propose a hierarchical model for chromatin-based regulation of genome response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Sexton
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Brooke R Druliner
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Vera
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,The Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Denis Avey
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Fanxiu Zhu
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan H Dennis
- Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Costa G, Barra V, Lentini L, Cilluffo D, Di Leonardo A. DNA demethylation caused by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces mitotic alterations and aneuploidy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3726-39. [PMID: 26771138 PMCID: PMC4826165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the unbalanced number of chromosomes in a cell, is considered a prevalent form of genetic instability and is largely acknowledged as a condition implicated in tumorigenesis. Epigenetic alterations like DNA hypomethylation have been correlated with cancer initiation/progression. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests the involvement of epigenome-wide disruption as a cause of global DNA hypomethylation in aneuploidy generation. Here, we report that the DNA hypomethylating drug 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC), affects the correct ploidy of nearly diploid HCT-116 human cells by altering the methylation pattern of the chromosomes. Specifically, we show that a DAC-induced reduction of 5-Methyl Cytosine at the pericentromeric region of chromosomes correlates with aneuploidy and mitotic defects. Our results suggest that DNA hypomethylation leads to aneuploidy by altering the DNA methylation landscape at the centromere that is necessary to ensure proper chromosomes segregation by recruiting the proteins necessary to build up a functional kinetochore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Barra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Cilluffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Man Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amander Clark
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Dhiman VK, Attwood K, Campbell MJ, Smiraglia DJ. Hormone stimulation of androgen receptor mediates dynamic changes in DNA methylation patterns at regulatory elements. Oncotarget 2015; 6:42575-89. [PMID: 26646795 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that contributes to stable gene silencing by interfering with the ability of transcriptional regulators to bind to DNA. Recent findings have revealed that hormone stimulation of certain nuclear receptors induces rapid, dynamic changes in DNA methylation patterns alongside transcriptional responses at a subset of target loci, over time. However, the ability of androgen receptor (AR) to dynamically regulate gene transcription is relatively under-studied and its role in the regulation of DNA methylation patterns remains to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate in normal prostate cells that hormone stimulated AR activity results in dynamic changes in the transcription rate and DNA methylation patterns at the AR target genes, TIPARP and SGK1. Time-resolved chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments on the SGK1 locus reveals dynamic recruitment of AR and RNA Polymerase II, as well as the recruitment of proteins involved in the DNA demethylation process, TET1 and TDG. Furthermore, the presence of DNA methylation at dynamic regions inhibits protein binding and transcriptional activity of SGK1. These findings establish AR activity as a contributing factor to the dynamic regulation of DNA methylation patterns at target genes in prostate biology and infer further complexity involved in nuclear receptor mediation of transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rastogi N, Duggal S, Singh SK, Porwal K, Srivastava VK, Maurya R, Bhatt MLB, Mishra DP. Proteasome inhibition mediates p53 reactivation and anti-cancer activity of 6-gingerol in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43310-25. [PMID: 26621832 PMCID: PMC4791234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) expressing E6 and E7 oncoproteins, is known to inactivate the tumor suppressor p53 through proteasomal degradation in cervical cancers. Therefore, use of small molecules for inhibition of proteasome function and induction of p53 reactivation is a promising strategy for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. The polyphenolic alkanone, 6-Gingerol (6G), present in the pungent extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has shown potent anti-tumorigenic and pro-apoptotic activities against a variety of cancers. In this study we explored the molecular mechanism of action of 6G in human cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 6G potently inhibited proliferation of the HPV positive cervical cancer cells. 6G was found to: (i) inhibit the chymotrypsin activity of proteasomes, (ii) induce reactivation of p53, (iii) increase levels of p21, (iv) induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest, (v) alter expression levels of p53-associated apoptotic markers like, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and (vi) potentiate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. 6G treatment induced significant reduction of tumor volume, tumor weight, proteasome inhibition and p53 accumulation in HeLa xenograft tumor cells in vivo. The 6G treatment was devoid of toxic effects as it did not affect body weights, hematological and osteogenic parameters. Taken together, our data underscores the therapeutic and chemosensitizing effects of 6G in the management and treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rastogi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivali Duggal
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Konica Porwal
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - M L B Bhatt
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kliszczak M, Sedlackova H, Pitchai GP, Streicher WW, Krejci L, Hickson ID. Interaction of RECQ4 and MCM10 is important for efficient DNA replication origin firing in human cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40464-79. [PMID: 26588054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a highly coordinated process that is initiated at multiple replication origins in eukaryotes. These origins are bound by the origin recognition complex (ORC), which subsequently recruits the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase in a Cdt1/Cdc6-dependent manner. In budding yeast, two essential replication factors, Sld2 and Mcm10, are then important for the activation of replication origins. In humans, the putative Sld2 homolog, RECQ4, interacts with MCM10. Here, we have identified two mutants of human RECQ4 that are deficient in binding to MCM10. We show that these RECQ4 variants are able to complement the lethality of an avian cell RECQ4 deletion mutant, indicating that the essential function of RECQ4 in vertebrates is unlikely to require binding to MCM10. Nevertheless, we show that the RECQ4-MCM10 interaction is important for efficient replication origin firing.
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pérez-Lluch
- Universitat de Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Universitat de Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Universitat de Barcelona and Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang P, Zhang Y, Gao K, Wang Y, Jin X, Wei Y, Saiyin H, Wang D, Peng J, Ma J, Tang Y, Wumaier R, Yu H, Dong Y, Huang H, Yu L, Wang C. ASPP1/2-PP1 complexes are required for chromosome segregation and kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Oncotarget 2015; 6:41550-65. [PMID: 26595804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated interactions between kinetochores and spindle microtubules are critical for maintaining genomic stability during chromosome segregation. Defects in chromosome segregation are widespread phenomenon in human cancers that are thought to serve as the fuel for tumorigenic progression. Tumor suppressor proteins ASPP1 and ASPP2, two members of the apoptosis stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPP) family, are frequently down-regulated in human cancers. Here we report that ASPP1/2 are required for proper mitotic progression. In ASPP1/2 co-depleted cells, the persistence of unaligned chromosomes and the reduction of tension across sister kinetochores on aligned chromosomes resulted in persistent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation. Using protein affinity purification methods, we searched for functional partners of ASPP1/2, and found that ASPP1/2 were associated with a subset of kinetochore proteins (Hec1, KNL-1, and CENP-F). It was found that ASPP1/2 act as PP1-targeting subunits to facilitate the interaction between PP1 and Hec1, and catalyze Hec1 (Ser165) dephosphorylation during late mitosis. These observations revealed a previously unrecognized function of ASPP1/2 in chromosome segregation and kinetochore-microtubule attachments that likely contributes to their roles in chromosome stability and tumor suppression.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rae DT, Hocum JD, Bii V, Deeg HJ, Trobridge GD. A novel retroviral mutagenesis screen identifies prognostic genes in RUNX1 mediated myeloid leukemogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30664-74. [PMID: 26384344 PMCID: PMC4741560 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel retroviral shuttle vector approach we identified genes that collaborate with a patient derived RUNX1 (AML1) mutant. RUNX1 mutations occurs in 40% of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). MDS are a group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders that are characterized by dysplasia that often progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our goal was to identify genes dysregulated by vector-mediated genotoxicity that may collaborate with the RUNX1 mutant (D171N). D171N expressing cells have a survival and engraftment disadvantage and require additional genetic lesions to survive and persist. By dysregulating genes near the integrated vector provirus, the shuttle vector can promote transformation of D171N cells and tag the nearby genes that collaborate with D171N. In our approach, a gammaretroviral shuttle vector that expresses D171N is used to transduce CD105+, Sca-1+ mouse bone marrow. Mutagenized cells are expanded in liquid culture and vector integration sites from surviving cells are then identified using a retroviral shuttle vector approach. We repeatedly recovered integrated vector proviruses near genes (Itpkb, Ccdc12, and Nbeal2). To assess the prognostic significance of the genes identified we examined differential expression, overall survival, and relapse free survival of AML patients with alteration in the genes identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML data set. We found that ITPKB functions as an independent factor for poor prognoses and RUNX1 mutations in conjunction with ITPKB, CCDC12, and NBEAL2 have prognostic potential in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Rae
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jonah D Hocum
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Victor Bii
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - H Joachim Deeg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Grant D Trobridge
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Léveillard
- INSERM, U968, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Whittle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sunil R Hingorani
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel dysfunction is associated with various pathologic conditions, including immunologic disorders, lymphedema, as well as tumor dissemination. Yet, the knowledge about the regulation of lymphatic vessel development is still limited. Our study elucidates cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) as an essential player in the development of lymphatic vessels. Deletion of Cdk5 in the mouse endothelium results in severe lymphedema formation and embryonic lethality. On the mechanistic level, we show that Cdk5 phosphorylates the forkhead transcription factor Foxc2 which regulates Foxc2-dependent transcription. In summary, our study elucidates the Cdk5-Foxc2 interaction as a critical regulator of lymphatic vessel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Liebl
- Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bennett A, Bechi B, Tighe A, Thompson S, Procter DJ, Taylor SS. Cenp-E inhibitor GSK923295: Novel synthetic route and use as a tool to generate aneuploidy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:20921-32. [PMID: 26320186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a common feature of cancer, with human solid tumour cells typically harbouring abnormal chromosome complements. The aneuploidy observed in cancer is often caused by a chromosome instability phenotype, resulting in genomic heterogeneity. However, the role aneuploidy and chromosome instability play in tumour evolution and chemotherapy response remains poorly understood. In some contexts, aneuploidy has oncogenic effects, whereas in others it is anti-proliferative and tumour-suppressive. Dissecting fully the role aneuploidy plays in tumourigenesis requires tools and facile assays that allow chromosome missegregation to be induced experimentally in cells that are otherwise diploid and chromosomally stable. Here, we describe a chemical biology approach that induces low-level aneuploidy across a large population of cells. Specifically, cells are first exposed to GSK923295, an inhibitor targeting the mitotic kinesin Cenp-E; while the majority of chromosomes align at the cell's equator, a small number cluster near the spindle poles. By then driving these cells into anaphase using AZ3146, an inhibitor targeting the spindle checkpoint kinase Mps1, the polar chromosomes are missegregated. This results in, on average, two chromosome missegregation events per division, and avoids trapping chromosomes in the spindle midzone, which could otherwise lead to DNA damage. We also describe an efficient route for the synthesis of GSK923295 that employs a novel enzymatic resolution. Together, the approaches described here open up new opportunities for studying cellular responses to aneuploidy.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mino
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Rodríguez-Seguí
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Bessa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Huang
- Center for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Delga
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clémentine Le Roux
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gino B Poulin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan J Whitmarsh
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Microtubule-binding drugs such as taxol are frontline treatments for a variety of cancers but exactly how they yield patient benefit is unclear. In cell culture, inhibiting microtubule dynamics prevents spindle assembly, leading to mitotic arrest followed by either apoptosis in mitosis or slippage, whereby a cell returns to interphase without dividing. Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1), a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family central to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, is degraded during a prolonged mitotic arrest and may therefore act as a mitotic death timer. Consistently, we show that blocking proteasome-mediated degradation inhibits taxol-induced mitotic apoptosis in a Mcl-1-dependent manner. However, this degradation does not require the activity of either APC/C-Cdc20, FBW7 or MULE, three separate E3 ubiquitin ligases implicated in targeting Mcl-1 for degradation. This therefore challenges the notion that Mcl-1 undergoes regulated degradation during mitosis. We also show that Mcl-1 is continuously synthesized during mitosis and that blocking protein synthesis accelerates taxol induced death-in-mitosis. Modulating Mcl-1 levels also influences slippage; overexpressing Mcl-1 extends the time from mitotic entry to mitotic exit in the presence of taxol, while inhibiting Mcl-1 accelerates it. We suggest that Mcl-1 competes with Cyclin B1 for binding to components of the proteolysis machinery, thereby slowing down the slow degradation of Cyclin B1 responsible for slippage. Thus, modulating Mcl-1 dynamics influences both death-in-mitosis and slippage. However, because mitotic degradation of Mcl-1 appears not to be under the control of an E3 ligase, we suggest that the notion of network crosstalk is used with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sloss
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Topham
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Present Address: School of Environment & Life Sciences, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Diez
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Present Address: School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chabalier-Taste C, Brichese L, Racca C, Canitrot Y, Calsou P, Larminat F. Polo-like kinase 1 mediates BRCA1 phosphorylation and recruitment at DNA double-strand breaks. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2269-83. [PMID: 26745677 PMCID: PMC4823034 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) caused during DNA replication and by exogenous stresses is critical for the maintenance of genomic integrity. There is growing evidence that the Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) that plays a number of pivotal roles in cell proliferation can directly participate in regulation of DSB repair. In this study, we show that Plk1 regulates BRCA1, a key mediator protein required to efficiently repair DSB through homologous recombination (HR). Following induction of DSB, BRCA1 concentrates in distinctive large nuclear foci at damage sites where multiple DNA repair factors accumulate. First, we found that inhibition of Plk1 shortly before DNA damage sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation and reduces DSB repair by HR. Second, we provide evidence that BRCA1 foci formation induced by DSB is reduced when Plk1 is inhibited or depleted. Third, we identified BRCA1 as a novel Plk1 substrate and determined that Ser1164 is the major phosphorylation site for Plk1 in vitro. In cells, mutation of Plk1 sites on BRCA1 significantly delays BRCA1 foci formation following DSB, recapitulating the phenotype observed upon Plk1 inhibition. Our data then assign a key function to Plk1 in BRCA1 foci formation at DSB, emphasizing Plk1 importance in the HR repair of human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carine Racca
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yvan Canitrot
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
- LBCMCP, Center for Integrative Biology, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calsou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Larminat
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bii VM, Rae DT, Trobridge GD. A novel gammaretroviral shuttle vector insertional mutagenesis screen identifies SHARPIN as a breast cancer metastasis gene and prognostic biomarker. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39507-20. [PMID: 26506596 PMCID: PMC4741842 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of malignancy among U.S. women. Metastasis results in a poor prognosis and increased mortality, but the molecular mechanisms by which metastatic tumors occur are not well understood. Identifying the genes that drive the metastatic process could provide targets for improved therapy and biomarkers to improve BC patient outcomes. Using a forward mutagenesis screen, BC cells mutagenized with a replication-incompetent gammaretroviral vector (γRV) were xenotransplanted into the mammary fat pad of immunodeficient mice. In this approach the vector provirus dysregulates nearby genes, providing a selective advantage to transduced cells to form metastases. Metastatic tumors were analyzed for proviral integration sites to identify nearby candidate metastasis genes. The γRV has a transgene cassette that allows for rescue in bacteria and rapid identification of vector integration sites. Using this approach, we identified the previously described metastasis gene WWTR1 (TAZ), and three other novel candidate metastasis genes including SHARPIN. SHARPIN was independently validated in vivo as a BC metastasis gene. Analysis of patient data showed that SHARPIN expression predicts metastasis-free survival after adjuvant therapy. Our approach has broad potential to identify genes involved in oncogenic processes for BC and other cancers. We show here it can identify both known (WWTR1) and novel (SHARPIN) BC metastasis genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Bii
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, WSU Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dustin T. Rae
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, WSU Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Grant D. Trobridge
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, WSU Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Depeille
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert S Warren
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology and KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dengke Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deregowska A, Skoneczny M, Adamczyk J, Kwiatkowska A, Rawska E, Skoneczna A, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Genome-wide array-CGH analysis reveals YRF1 gene copy number variation that modulates genetic stability in distillery yeasts. Oncotarget 2015; 6:30650-63. [PMID: 26384347 PMCID: PMC4741559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial yeasts, economically important microorganisms, are widely used in diverse biotechnological processes including brewing, winemaking and distilling. In contrast to a well-established genome of brewer's and wine yeast strains, the comprehensive evaluation of genomic features of distillery strains is lacking. In the present study, twenty two distillery yeast strains were subjected to electrophoretic karyotyping and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). The strains analyzed were assigned to the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex and grouped into four species categories: S. bayanus, S. paradoxus, S. cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii. The genomic diversity was mainly revealed within subtelomeric regions and the losses and/or gains of fragments of chromosomes I, III, VI and IX were the most frequently observed. Statistically significant differences in the gene copy number were documented in six functional gene categories: 1) telomere maintenance via recombination, DNA helicase activity or DNA binding, 2) maltose metabolism process, glucose transmembrane transporter activity; 3) asparagine catabolism, cellular response to nitrogen starvation, localized in cell wall-bounded periplasmic space, 4) siderophore transport, 5) response to copper ion, cadmium ion binding and 6) L-iditol 2- dehydrogenase activity. The losses of YRF1 genes (Y' element ATP-dependent helicase) were accompanied by decreased level of Y' sequences and an increase in DNA double and single strand breaks, and oxidative DNA damage in the S. paradoxus group compared to the S. bayanus group. We postulate that naturally occurring diversity in the YRF1 gene copy number may promote genetic stability in the S. bayanus group of distillery yeast strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Rawska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|