The effect of different drinks on the color stability of different restorative materials after one month

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different drinks on the color parameters of four different restorative materials.

Materials and Methods

Three different composites (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative, Filtek Ultimate Flowable, and Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE) and a polyacid-modified composite resin material (Dyract XP, Dentsply DeTrey GmbH) were evaluated. Eighty-four disc-shaped specimens of 8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were prepared (n = 21 each). Color coordinates (L*a*b*, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE*) were measured using a VİTA Easyshade Compact (VİTA Zahnfabrik) after 24 hr of storage (baseline) and after 30 day of storage in three different beverages of black tea, Coca cola, or water (control) (n = 7). In each beverage, the specimens were stored three times a day, one hr each, for 30 day. The color changes (ΔE) were calculated and were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple comparison test.

Results

The color difference (ΔE*) of the resin materials ranged between 1.31 and 15.28 after 30 day of immersion in the staining solutions. Dyract XP in Coca cola (15.28 ± 2.61) and black tea (12.22 ± 2.73) showed the highest mean ΔE* value after 30 day, followed by Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (5.99 ± 1.25) and Filtek Ultimate Flowable (4.71 ± 1.40) in black tea (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The compomers displayed unacceptable color changes at the end of 30 day in all beverages. Among resin composites, the silorane based composite exhibited relatively good color stability than the others. Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative and Filtek Flowable showed similar color changes in all beverages.

Erosive potential of cola and orange fruit juice on tooth colored restorative materials

BACKGROUND

Erosion is a common condition which manifests due to consumption of high caloric and low pH acidic food stuffs such as carbonated drinks and fruit juices which cause irreversible damage to dental hard tissues and early deterioration of the dental restorations.

AIM

The main aim of this study is to evaluate and to compare the erosive potential of carbonated drink (cola) and fruit juice (orange fruit juice) by measuring the surface roughness (Ra) values on two commonly used dental restorative materials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 36 specimens each were prepared using both testing materials, compomer (Group I) and giomer (Group II). Six specimens in each group were discarded due to wide variation in pre exposed Ra values and the remaining 30 specimens in each group were further sub divided into 10 samples each according to the testing media used. Immersion regime was followed according to Von Fraunhofer and Rogers. The pre and post immersion surface roughness values were recorded using a profilometer.

RESULTS

Both tested materials showed statistically-significant surface erosion (P < 0.01) when exposed to cola and orange fruit juice than the control group (water).

DISCUSSION

Compomer showed more surface roughness when compared to giomer when exposed to the three tested media which can be attributed to the variation in filler content, decomposition of resin matrix and fallout of the fillers in composites when exposed to acidic drinks. Other factors responsible for this significant erosion were also discussed.

CONCLUSIONS

Significant surface changes of the dental restorative materials can take place when exposed to low pH drinks for a prolonged period.

Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength and microleakage of conventional glass ionomer cement, resin modified glass ionomer cement and compomer: An in vitro study

AIM

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the tensile bond strength and microleakage of Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC, and compoglass and to compare bond strength with degree of microleakage exhibited by the same materials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Occlusal surfaces of 96 noncarious primary teeth were ground perpendicular to long axis of the tooth. Preparations were distributed into three groups consisting of Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass. Specimens were tested for tensile bond strength by mounting them on Instron Universal Testing Machine. Ninety-six primary molars were treated with Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC, and compoglass on box-only prepared proximal surface. Samples were thermocycled, stained with dye, sectioned, and scored for microleakage under stereomicroscope. ANOVA and Bonferrani correction test were done for comparisons. Pearson Chi-square test and regression analysis were done to assess the association between the parameters.

RESULTS

Compoglass showed highest tensile strength and Fuji II LC showed least microleakage. There was a significant difference between the three groups in tensile strength and microleakage levels. The correlation between tensile strength and microleakage level in each group showed that there was a significant negative correlation only in Group 3.

CONCLUSION

Fuji II LC and compoglass can be advocated in primary teeth because of their superior physical properties when compared with Fuji IX GP.

Silorane, ormocer, methacrylate and compomer long-term staining susceptibility using ΔE and ΔE 00 colour-difference formulas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the staining susceptibility of a silorane (Filtek Silorane), an ormocer (Ceram X Duo), a methacrylate (Tetric EvoCeram) and a compomer (Dyract) exposed on the long term to various staining agents by using ΔE and ΔE 00 colour-difference formulas. Thirty-six disc-shaped specimens were made of each of the four chemically different materials, randomly divided in six groups (n = 6) and immersed in five staining solutions (red wine, juice, coke, tea and coffee) or stored dry (control) in an incubator at 37 °C for 99 days. Spectrophotometric measurements by means of a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade Handy Dental, MHT) were repeated over a white (L* = 92.6, a* = -1.2, b* = 2.9) and black (L* = 1.6, a* = 1.2, b* = -1.0) background made of plasticized paper, in order to determine the colour changes according to ΔE, ΔE 00 and translucency formulas. Statistical analysis was performed by means of factorial Anova, Fisher's LSD test (post hoc) and a Spearman rank correlation between ΔE and ΔE 00. When analysed over a white background, mean ΔE 00 values were highly significantly different and varied from 0.8 (Ceram X Duo/air) to 20.9 (Ceram X Duo/red wine). When analysed over a black background, mean ΔE 00 values were highly significantly different and varied from 1.0 (Ceram X Duo and Tetric/air) to 25.2 (Ceram X Duo/red wine). Differences in translucency varied from 0.3 (Ceram X Duo/air) to 21.1 (Ceram X Duo/juice). The correlation between ΔE and ΔE 00 over a white background was 0.9928, while over a black background, it was 0.9886.

Effect of topical fluoride applications on residual monomer release from resin-based restorative materials

BACKGROUND

The effects of topical fluoride applications on the release of monomer ingredients from resin-based dental materials by immersion in various extraction solutions are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical fluorides (APF and NaF) on the elution of residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) from resin-based materials.

METHODS

Ninety specimens were prepared, 30 bulk-fill composite resin, 30 nanohybrid universal composite resin, and 30 polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer). These were randomly divided into three groups based on fluoride application procedures. Each specimen was kept in 75% ethanol solution, and residual monomers released from materials were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 30 days. The groups were compared using the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Measurements were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

RESULTS

Fluoride applications generally had no considerable effect on the amount of residual monomer released from resin-based restorative materials. The amount of monomer release after topical APF application was similar to the release in the control group and was lower than the release in the NaF group. The release of monomers from the resin-based material used in the study did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals. The compomer released lower amounts of monomer than other resin-based materials.

CONCLUSIONS

Fluoride applications do not increase monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. However, compomers should be employed by clinicians due to their lower monomer release compared to other resin restorative materials. The release of monomers from all the resin-based materials did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals.

Evaluation of Microleakage and Marginal Ridge Fracture Resistance of Primary Molars Restored with Three Restorative Materials: A Comparative in vitro Study

Composite restorations are popular because of their superior esthetics and acceptable clinical performance. But shrinkage is still a drawback. Polymerization shrinkage results in volumetric contraction, leading to deformation of the cusps, microleakage, decrease of marginal adaptation, enamel micro-cracks and postoperative sensitivity. A new class of ring opening resin composite based on silorane chemistry has been introduced with claims of less than 1% shrinkage during polymerization. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the ability of low shrink silorane based material, a packable composite and a compomer to resist microleakage in class II restorations on primary molars and evaluate marginal ridge fracture resistance of these materials. Sixty human primary molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared and the teeth were divided into three groups of twenty each. Groups were as follows group I: low shrink composite resin (Filtek P90). Group II: packable composite (Filtek P60) and Group III: compomer (Compoglass F). Half of the teeth were used for microleakage and the rest for marginal ridge fracture resistance. For microleakage testing, dye penetration method was used with 1% methylene blue dye. Followed by evaluation and grading under stereomicroscope at 10* magnification. Fracture resistance was tested with universal testing machine. It was concluded that low shrink silorane based composite resin showed the least amount of microleakage, whereas compomer showed the highest microleakage. Packable composite resisted fracture of marginal ridge better than other composite resins. Marginal ridge fracture resistance of packable composite was comparable to the intact side. How to cite this article: Yeolekar TS, Chowdhary NR, Mukunda KS, Kiran NK. Evaluation of Microleakage and Marginal Ridge Fracture Resistance of Primary Molars Restored with Three Restorative Materials: A Comparative in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(2):108-113.

Effect of dietary solvents on the strength of nanocomposite, compomer, glass ionomer cement: An in-vitro study

Background:

Intraoral degradation of resin restorative materials involves both mechanical and chemical factors. Thus, an in vitro study was conducted to compare the strength of nanocomposite to commonly used esthetic restorative materials in simulated in vivo conditions.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary solvents on the strength of nanocomposite and other esthetic restorative materials.

Materials and Methods:

Three test groups (nanocomposite, compomer and glass ionomer cement) each containing 60 pre-conditioned samples, divided into four subgroups of 15 samples each and conditioned in different dietary solvents, were subjected to shear punch test in custom designed shear punch apparatus in Instron Universal Testing Machine.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test were implied.

Results:

One-way ANOVA revealed nanocomposite to bear most shear punch strength post-conditioning, as compared with the other two test materials.

Conclusion:

Nanocomposite yielded better strength than the other two test materials, indicating its universal application as a restorative material.

Evaluation of residual monomer release after polymerization of different restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry

BACKGROUND

The choice of the restorative resin material to be used in pediatric dentistry is of a great importance due to the cytotoxic effects caused by residual monomers. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the amount of residual monomer released over time from different resin-based restorative materials, which are widely used in pediatric dentistry, by using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA).

METHODS

The compomers in all colors (Twinky Star and Glasiositte A₂), two composites with different hybrid properties (Arabesk-GrandioSO), and RMGIC (Ionolux) samples with 2 × 5 mm diameters were prepared. The samples were polymerized with an LED light unit (CELALUX 2, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany) and then finishing-polishing procedures were applied. A total of 156 samples were obtained, 13 samples in each of the 12 groups. The amount of residual monomer (BIS-GMA; HEMA, TEGDMA, UDMA) (µg/mL) released into the 75% ethanol solution was determined at different times, (1st hour, 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st day) by using HPLC-PDA.

RESULTS

The residual monomer release continued on day 21 and BIS-GMA was the most released monomer in all groups. HEMA release showed a maximum increase in all the materials at day 7. The highest amount of residual monomer was detected in the gold-colored compomer. HEMA and BIS-GMA release from RMGIC was less than others in all time frames.

CONCLUSIONS

The color and composition of resin-based restorative materials affect the amount of residual monomer. Pediatric dentists should prefer gold-colored compomers less than others as a restorative material, especially in deep cavities. More studies are needed about the subject.

One-year clinical evaluation of two high-viscosity glass-ionomer cements in class II restorations of primary molars

BACKGROUND

Little information exists on the clinical performance of restorative materials on primary teeth of preschool children. This study aimed to evaluate clinical performance of compomer, glass-hybrid-added high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement and zinc-added high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement materials in class ΙΙ restorations of primary molars.

METHODS

The study included 251 teeth of 57 patients aged 4-7 years with proximal caries in primary molars. The teeth were divided into three groups, and each restorative material was randomly distributed. Dyract XP, Equia Forte and ChemFil Rock materials were placed after cavity preparation and clinically evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months using modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and z tests.

RESULTS

At the end of 12 months, a total of three restorations in Dyract XP group, 22 in Equia Forte group and 11 in ChemFil Rock group failed in retention criteria. No statistically significant difference existed between retention, colour match and surface texture criteria of all groups at 3 and 6 months, but a statistically significant difference was found at 12 months (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

For class ΙΙ restorations of primary molars, the success of compomer material was superior to high-viscosity glass-ionomer materials.

An In vitro Evaluation of Microleakage Associated with Three Different Compomer Placement Techniques in Primary Molars

Background:

Microleakage is one of the most frequently encountered problems in posterior tooth-colored restorations. Efforts to decrease this problem with resin restorations include techniques for reducing the ratio of bonded to unbonded restoration surfaces and following strategic incremental placement techniques to reduce residual stress at tooth-restoration interface which reduces the C-factor, hence microleakage.

Aim:

The present study aimed to evaluate microleakage associated with three placement techniques for compomer restorations in primary molars.

Design and Methodology:

This in vitro experimental study assessed the microleakage associated with bulk-fill, horizontal-incremental, and oblique-incremental compomer placement techniques in primary molars. Ninety specimens were divided into three groups of thirty for each of the placement techniques.

Results:

Nearly 86.6% of the specimens presented with microleakage involving the entire axial wall and pulpal floor in the bulk-fill group, whereas 56.6% and 46.6% of the specimens in the horizontal-incremental and oblique-incremental groups showed microleakage up to two-third and one-third of the axial walls, respectively. A significant difference in scores was observed between groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Microleakage was observed with all the three techniques but was comparatively lower with the incremental placement techniques. The oblique-incremental technique offered the least microleakage.

Compomers for the restorative treatment of dental caries in primary teeth: An umbrella review

OBJECTIVES

This umbrella review comprehensively appraised the evidence on the use of compomers in comparison to other dental filling materials for restorative treatment of decayed primary teeth.

DATA

The literature search was conducted based on the question: "Is the use of compomers as a dental filling material more successful in the restorative treatment of decayed primary teeth than other dental filling materials?" No language restriction was applied and systematic reviews published up to May 2023 were included. The ROBIS tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Data were extracted for narrative synthesis, considering the restoration failure/success outcomes.

SEARCH

Online search was conducted in three databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane library).

STUDY SELECTION

The electronic search yielded a total of 779 publications. Finally, 18 systematic reviews were included in this umbrella review. Four systematic reviews presented a low risk of bias, 11 presented an unclear risk of bias and three presented a high risk of bias. Most systematic reviews presenting low risk of bias reported no difference in the success rates of compomers compared to other dental filling materials used for restoration of decayed primary teeth. Studies that found a significant difference or that made clear recommendations towards the use of compomers were commonly rated with a high risk of bias.

CONCLUSION

Compomers are similar to other dental filling materials for the placement of direct restorations in primary teeth.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The results of this umbrella review indicate a similar clinical performance of compomers compared to other materials containing a resin component for direct restoration in primary teeth. Therefore, the choice of restorative material will depend on multiple factors, such as clinician's skills/preferences, patients' wishes, costs, and cavity type/location.

Effect of Finishing-Polishing Procedures on Cytotoxicity of Resin-Based Restorative Materials via Real-Time Cell Analysis

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing procedures of compomer and bulk-fill composite resins on cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts by xCELLigence analysis.

STUDY DESIGN

Filtek™ Bulk Fill composite and Dyract XP compomer were used. After curing, the specimens were randomly divided into two groups and finishing-polishing procedures were applied to one group; no finishing-polishing procedures were applied to the other group. For the first time in this study, pure gold samples were prepared with the same weight and base area as the test specimens and the wells containing the pure gold samples were determined as the control group. xCELLigence system was used to assess the response of the human gingival fibroblasts after exposure to test specimens. Measurements were recorded for 72 hours after adding specimens.

RESULTS

Finishing and polishing procedures caused a significant increase in cell viability of Dyract XP compomer samples at all time periods; the percentage of cell viability reached above 70% after finishing and polishing procedures. However, significant effects were not observed in Filtek™ Bulk Fill composite samples at any time period.

CONCLUSION

Finishing and polishing procedures play an essential role in increasing the biocompatibility of Dyract XP compomer. It is recommended to apply finishing and polishing procedures even though a smooth surface may be obtained in restorations with matrix strips.

The effect of fluoride varnish application on colour change due to paediatric drug usage in polyacid-modified composite resin: an in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

Colour stability is important in the long-term aesthetic success of restorative materials and is affected by both internal and external factors. Internal discolourations are due to the properties of the restorative materials. External discolourations can be associated with frequent consumption of food and beverages and the use of suspensions or syrups containing colourants/additives. Fluoride varnish application has an important place in preventive dentistry. The purpose of the research was to examine the protective effect of fluoride varnish application on the colour change on polyacid-modified composite resin restorative materials caused by the use of various paediatric drugs.

METHODS

Two hundred ten discs were prepared from polyacid-modified composite resin material and divided into two groups: flouride varnish was applied to one group and flouride varnish was not applied to the other group. The groups were further divided into seven subgroups and the samples were kept in artificial saliva, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cefuroxime axetil, clarithromycin, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and iron supplement drug solutions. The colour change values of the discs were measured using a spectrophotometer device before immersion in the drug solutions and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days after the immersion. The obtained data were calculated and statistically evaluated using IBM SPSS V23 software.

RESULTS

It was found that the application of fluoride varnish in the iron supplement drug group prevented the colour change of the polyacid-modified composite resins for 28 days. In the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cefuroxime axetil, and paracetamol groups, the fluoride varnish did not prevent colour change in the polyacid-modified composite resin restorative materials at the end of the 14th day.

CONCLUSION

It is thought that fluoride varnish application may be beneficial as a preservative in the colour change of polyacid-modified composite resins due to the use of various paediatric drugs, and this protective feature may be effective for a specific period of time.

Evaluation of Effect of Dietary Solvents on Bond Strength of Compomer, Ormocer, Nanocomposite and Activa Bioactive Restorative Materials

Objectives:

The successful endodontic therapy is judged by ability of tooth to withstand masticatory forces. The present study focused on comparing the strength of restorative materials, i.e., compomer, ormocer, nanocomposite, and ACTIVA Bioactive after conditioning in dietary solvents.

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study consisted of 26 specimens of each restorative material Compomer (F2000 3M ESPE), Nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT), Ormocer (Admira VOCO), and ACTIVA Bioactive (Pulpdent). The I-shear–punch test was conducted with the help of custom-designed shear–punch apparatus in Universal Testing Machine in different dietary solvents. Results were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) and using Tukey’s test and one-way analysis of variance test at P < 0.5.

Results:

Ormocer conditioned in heptanes had the highest mean shear–punch strength. ACTIVA Bioactive conditioned in distilled water showed the highest mean shear–punch strength. There was a significant difference in bond strength among all restorative materials (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Ormocer conditioned in heptane had significantly higher shear strength. ACTIVA Bioactive conditioned in distilled water had significantly increased shear strength. The nanofilled composite was significantly stronger than the Ormocer, ACTIVA Bioactive, and Compomer – a polyacid-modified composite.

Shear punch strength evaluation of nanocomposite and compomer, post-conditioning in dietary solvents - An in-vitro study

BACKGROUND

Perpetual research in esthetic dentistry has stupendously contributed in improving the mechanical and esthetic properties of restorative materials. Recently introduced nanocomposite claim to possess higher optimized esthetic and mechanical properties superior to other esthetic restorative materials in clinical use. It has been highlighted in many studies that intraoral degradation of composites is a consequence of both mechanical factors and chemical degradation. Thus, this in-vitro study was conducted to determine the strength of commonly used esthetic restorative materials after conditioning them in dietary solvents, thereby, simulating the intraoral environment.

AIM

Evaluation of shear punch strength of nanocomposite and compomer, post-conditioning in dietary solvents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Two test groups mentioned above, each containing sixty preconditioned samples, divided into four subgroups of fifteen samples each and conditioned in different dietary solvents, were subjected to shear punch test in custom designed shear punch apparatus in Universal Testing Machine.

RESULTS

Among the dietary solvents, citric acid caused maximum decrease in the strength while conditioning in heptane showed increase in strength of the test restorative materials.

CONCLUSION

Nanocomposite revealed to have higher strength, thereby indicating its better application universally.

The effect of current pulp capping materials against intrapulpal temperature increase in primary teeth. An in-vitro study by pulpal microcirculation simulation model

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE

Widespread use of light-cured materials has raised the issue of possible thermal effects on pulp tissue. It was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pulp capping materials (PCM) against intrapulpal temperature increases (ITI) in primary teeth during light-curing of compomers in this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A Class-I cavity was prepared on the primary mandibular second molar tooth. An experimental mechanism was used for pulpal microcirculation and temperature regulation of the tooth. There are eight groups in the study: in Groups 1-6: MTA-Angelus, Biodentine, TheraCal LC, Dycal, conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and resin-modified GIC were used as PCM, respectively. In Group-7 no PCM was used. In Group-8 only light was applied to the cavity without any PCM or compomer. Compomer restorations were applied in Groups 1-7 with the same material (Dyract XP, DENTSPLY, Weybridge, UK) and light cured for 10sec with the same light-curing unit (Kerr, Demi Plus, 1200 mW/cm2). Temperature changes (Δt) in the pulp chamber were measured and statistically analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests.

RESULTS

The highest Δt-value (4.57 ± 0.11 °C) was measured in Group-4 and 7. The lowest Δt-value (3.94 ± 0.4 °C) was measured in Group-8. Δt-values measured in the Groups 2, 3 and 6 were significantly lower than the values measured in Group-4 and 7 (p = 0.001). ITI during the light-curing of the PCM used in Group-3 and 6 exceeded the critical value (5.5 °C) reported in the literature.

CONCLUSION

In protecting the pulp from the harmful thermal effects of restorative procedures Biodentine which is a self-cured material, may be most acceptable choice as an indirect PCM.

Evaluation of the Success of Conventional and Biological Restorative Treatment Approaches for Caries in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study

Background

In order to compare the clinical and radiographic success of three treatment modalities-conventional restoration (CR), nonrestorative caries treatment (NRCT), and Hall technique (HT), with a 3-month to 1 year follow-up in deciduous molars with occlusal or proximal carious lesions.

Design

Children between the ages of 5 and 8 were chosen for the study, having a total of 120 teeth. They were split into three groups, each with 40 participants-CR, HT, and NRCT. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results

The Chi-squared value and p-value were found to be insignificant when comparing clinical and radiographic ratings of all three groups at 3, 6, 9, and 12-month intervals.

Conclusion

Hall technique (HT) performed better than CR. NRCT was more acceptable to patients than CR.

How to cite this article

Undre MI, Chunawala Y, Choubey S, et al. Evaluation of the Success of Conventional and Biological Restorative Treatment Approaches for Caries in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):591-597.

Effect of erosive challenge with HCl on restorative materials

OBJECTIVE

Investigate the effect of erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the surface of five different restorative materials.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Ten plates of five restorative materials (Admira Fusion, Activa BioActive-Restorative, Charisma, Equia Forte HT Fil/EF, Filtek Universal Restorative/FU) were obtained. Half of the plate surfaces was covered with an adhesive tape, creating a control area, and the other side was submitted to the HCl (0.06 M HCl; pH 1.2; at 37 °C; for 30 h). Plates with control and HCl-treated areas were analyzed regarding the surface roughness (Sa), roughness profile (Rv), surface loss (SL), microhardness (MI), and gloss (GL) (n = 10). Surface morphology was analyzed by SEM and chemical elements were identified by EDX (n = 5). Data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

Most materials were not affected by HCl. FU showed the lowest Sa and Rv, and the highest GL after HCl. On the other hand, EF presented the highest Sa, Rv, and SL, and the lowest GL. The MI of materials was not changed after HCl. Topographical and chemical alterations were observed after HCl only for EF.

CONCLUSIONS

The composites showed minor surface changes after HCl, which was not observed for the glass ionomer cement (EF). FU presented the best performance regarding the parameters evaluated.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The effects of erosive challenge with HCl on composites were minimal, while the glass ionomer cements might not be indicated as restorative material for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The effect of three lining materials on microleakage of packable composite resin restorations in young premolars with cavity margins located on enamel and dentin/cementum - An In vitro study

OBJECTIVES

The objective of our in vitro investigation was to assess the effect of a layer of three lining materials; flowable composite, flowable compomer, and light-curing glass ionomer cement as a liner on microleakage with Class V packable composite restorations in young premolar teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 40 premolars were assigned randomly into four groups of 10 teeth each (Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4). Class V cavities (3 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm) were prepared in a standardized technique on the buccal surface of every tooth with the cervical margin extending 0.5 mm below the cementoenamel junction, into the dentin. Cavities in the first group (control group) were filled with packable composite (Heliomolar HB) without liners. Cavities in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were restored with packable composite after placing flowable composite (Heliomolar Flow), light-curing glass ionomer cement (Vivaglass), and flowable compomer (Compoglass Flow) as liners, respectively. The 40 restored teeth were put in thermocycling machine, then immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for a period of 24 h to permit penetration of methylene blue into potential microgaps that might have been created between the restorative material and the tooth. Each tooth was then cut buccolingually into two halves through the center of the restoration parallel to their long axes. Photomicrographs of each group were captured, then examined using the ImageJ an analysis software.

RESULTS

Control group (packable composite), Group 2 (flowable composite), and Group 3 (light-curing glass ionomer cement) showed no statistical significance between them. The difference between control group (packable composite) and Group 4 (flowable compomer) was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Flowable compomer as intermediate lining material can significantly reduce microleakage under packable composite.

Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Antibacterial Efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill Restorative Material as a Conservative Adhesive Restoration in Children with Mixed Dentition-An In Vivo Two-arm Parallel-group Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study

Aim and objective

To compare and evaluate the retention along with antibacterial efficacy of colored compomer and glass hybrid bulk fill glass ionomer restorative material as a conservative adhesive restoration in children of age 6–12 years.

Materials and methods

Sixty children were selected fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria falling in the age group of 6–12 years with mixed dentition and two groups were formed: group I—colored compomer and group II—glass hybrid bulk fill material. Initially, oral prophylaxis was carried out and baseline collection of saliva was completed. Then, the restorative treatment was completed. Retention of the material and antibacterial count [colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of saliva] was estimated at 1, 3, and 6 months after the restorative procedure.

Results

It was seen that retention rate with glass hybrid bulk fill group was 100%, whereas with colored compomer group it was 90% at end of 6 months. Although good antibacterial activity was shown by both the group at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up but statistically significant drop was seen in the glass hybrid bulk fill group at 3-month intervals than the colored compomer group with a p value of 0.0001 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Among both the materials, glass hybrid bulk fill restorative material showed good retention compared to Colored compomer material but it was not statistically very significant. Also, both the materials have shown good antimicrobial activity at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up.

How to cite this article

Mundada MV, Hugar SM, Hallikerimath S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Retention and Antibacterial Efficacy of Compomer and Glass Hybrid Bulk Fill Restorative Material as a Conservative Adhesive Restoration in Children with Mixed Dentition—An In Vivo Two-arm Parallel-group Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S45–S54.

Comparison of shear bond strength of composite resin, compomer, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements in primary teeth: An in-vitro study

OBJECTIVE

The contemporary esthetic restorative materials such as composite resin and glass-ionomer cements and their modifications have all been developed keeping in mind the requirements of permanent teeth. There have been plenty of studies that have focused on the characteristics of these materials in relation to permanent teeth with a relative dearth of such studies as regard to the primary teeth. The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin, compomer, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements in primary teeth.

METHODS

Thirty non-carious primary molars that were indicated for extraction because of physiological resorption or, for orthodontic reasons, were selected. The selected teeth were randomly allocated to three groups of 10 each for composite, compomer, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. The enamel from the occlusal surface of all teeth was removed to expose the superficial dentin and was wet polished with 400 grit sand paper. Composite, compomer, and resin-modified glass-ionomer stubs were bonded on to the occlusal surfaces using a plastic tube as a template. All samples were, then, subjected to thermocycling and evaluation of shear bond strength using the universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min, whereas the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), whereas one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple post-hoc procedures were used for statistical analysis. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The mean shear bond strength values for Groups I, II, and III were found to be 11.7 ± 3.07 MPa, 7.74 ± 4.16 Mpa, and 4.43 ± 2.08 Mpa, respectively, whereas one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post-hoc procedures indicated that there were remarkable differences among the three groups with the results being statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Composite resin showed the highest shear bond strength in relation to primary dentin when compared to compomer and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements.

Fluoride release and uptake of five dental restoratives from mouthwashes and dentifrices

BACKGROUND

This study evaluated the fluoride release and uptake of five common dental restoratives mainly glass ionomer formulations, including a conventional glass ionomer, a relatively new caries stabilization glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II, Fuji VII and Fuji II LC); one compomer (F2000); and one fluoride releasing composite resin (tetric ceram).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 12 cylindrical specimens for each of the five materials were prepared following manufacturer's instructions for manipulation and immersed independently in 25 ml of artificial saliva and stored as five groups Group I-V. Each group was further divided into three sub Groups A, B, C. The saliva was changed every day in all the specimens. No treatment was carried out for the specimens in subgroup A. The specimens were immersed in 2% sodium fluoride for 1 min before changing saliva in sub group B and the specimens were treated by brushing with a fluoridated dentifrice for 2 min before changing saliva in sub Group C. The fluoride release was evaluated on the 1(st), 7(th) and 28(th) day using a fluoride ion specific electrode.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated that the conventional glass ionomer and the recently introduced caries stabilizing glass ionomer showed similar patterns and quantity of fluoride release, which was significantly higher than the resin-modified glass ionomer, the compomer and the composite resin. The resin-modified glass ionomer showed higher fluoride release than the compomer and the composite resin. All the formulations of glass ionomers showed fluoride uptake from the neutral sodium fluoride and the fluoridated dentifrice, by releasing increased amounts of fluoride after treatment, in comparison with the untreated group. However, the compomer and the composite resin showed no fluoride uptake.

CONCLUSION

The fluoride released by the glass ionomer cements (GICs) was found to be highest during the first 24 h and decreased significantly over the 1(st) week with lower levels obtained on the 7(th) and 28(th) day, thus demonstrating the phenomenon of "initial burst." The composite resin and compomer used in this study did not show this phenomenon of the initial burst. The resin-modified GICs released more fluoride than the compomer, and the composite resin.

A Comparative Study of the Retentive Strengths of Commercial and Indigenously Developed Luting Cements using Both Lathe-cut and Clinically Simulated Specimens

INTRODUCTION

Superior adhesive strength in luting agents is of paramount significance in fixed partial denture success. In this in vitro study five cements were tested for retentive qualities, using both lathe-cut and hand-prepared specimens.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 104 freshly extracted tooth specimens were prepared. Seventy of them were lathe-cut and 30 specimens were hand-prepared to simulate clinical conditions. Five different cements were tested, which included a compomer, a composite, a zinc phosphate, and 2 glass-ionomer luting cements. Of the 5, 2 trial cements were indigenously developed by Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, India - a glass-ionomer cement (Chitra GIC) and a chemical-cure composite (Chitra CCC). All cements were compared within each group and between groups (lathe-prepared and hand-prepared).

RESULTS

GC Fuji 1 (GC America) exhibited superior retentive strengths in both lathe-cut and hand-prepared specimens, whereas the compomer cement displayed the lowest values when tested. In lathe-cut specimens, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between GC Fuji 1 and indigenously developed Chitra CCC.

CONCLUSION

Both Chitra CCC and GC Fuji 1 have comparable strengths in lathe-cut samples, making Chitra CCC a potential luting agent. Statistical analysis reveals that all cements, except GC Fuji 1, exhibited a significant decrease in strength due to the change in design uniformity. The chemical bonding of GC Fuji 1 proves to be quite strong irrespective of shape and precision of the tooth crown.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The indigenously developed Chitra GIC and Chitra CCC showed promising results to be used as a potential luting agent.

The effects of gastric acid on pediatric restorative materials: SEM analysis

In this study, we aimed to demonstrate changes in the surface roughness and microhardness of three different restorative materials routinely used in pediatric dentistry (composite, compomer and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMCIS)) in response to continuous daily exposure to gastric acid. Twelve samples of each of type of restorative material were prepared. Eleven of the specimens were included in the gastric acid cycle. The microhardness and surface roughness of ten samples were measured before and after the cycle. Another sample included in the cycle was compared with the sample not included in the cycle by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of roughness scores following gastric acid cycle (p = 0.039). RMCIS material possessed the highest roughness value. A significant difference was identified in terms of microhardness levels before and after the gastric acid cycle (p = 0.001). The most significant change was observed in the compomer material. SEM analysis, performed after the gastric acid cycle, revealed that most cracks were identified in RMCIS material; this was followed by compomer and composite materials, respectively. Our analysis indicates that the restorative materials used frequently in pediatric dental procedures, show increased surface roughness and reduced microhardness when exposed to gastric acid.