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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Szabó O, Horgas V, Sipos F. Cell-Free DNA in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Non-Infectious Inflammations and Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112853. [PMID: 36359370 PMCID: PMC9687442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of the immune system is the protection of the host against infections, along with the preservation of the individual antigenic identity. The process of self-tolerance covers the discrimination between self and foreign antigens, including proteins, nucleic acids, and larger molecules. Consequently, a broken immunological self-tolerance results in the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Immunocompetent cells express pattern-recognition receptors on their cell membrane and cytoplasm. The majority of endogenous DNA is located intracellularly within nuclei and mitochondria. However, extracellular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can also be detected in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and malignancies, which has sparked interest in using cfDNA as a possible biomarker. In recent years, the widespread use of liquid biopsies and the increasing demand for screening, as well as monitoring disease activity and therapy response, have enabled the revival of cfDNA research. The majority of studies have mainly focused on the function of cfDNA as a biomarker. However, research regarding the immunological consequences of cfDNA, such as its potential immunomodulatory or therapeutic benefits, is still in its infancy. This article discusses the involvement of various DNA-sensing receptors (e.g., absent in melanoma-2; Toll-like receptor 9; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/activator of interferon genes) in identifying host cfDNA as a potent danger-associated molecular pattern. Furthermore, we aim to summarize the results of the experimental studies that we recently performed and highlight the immunomodulatory capacity of cfDNA, and thus, the potential for possible therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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2
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Chen P, Wang D, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang Q, Liu L, Li J, Sun X, Ren M, Wang R, Fang Y, Zhao JJ, Zhang K. Maximizing TLR9 Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy with Dual-Adjuvanted Spherical Nucleic Acids. Nano Lett 2022; 22:4058-4066. [PMID: 35522597 PMCID: PMC9164000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic-acid-based immune adjuvants have been extensively investigated for the design of cancer vaccines. However, nucleic acids often require the assistance of a carrier system to improve cellular uptake. Yet, such systems are prone to carrier-associated adaptive immunity, leading to difficulties in a multidose treatment regimen. Here, we demonstrate that a spherical nucleic acid (SNA)-based self-adjuvanting system consisting of phosphodiester oligonucleotides and vitamin E can function as a potent anticancer vaccine without a carrier. The two functional modules work synergistically, serving as each other's delivery vector to enhance toll-like receptor 9 activation. The vaccine rapidly enters cells carrying OVA model antigens, which enables efficient activation of adaptive immunity in vitro and in vivo. In OVA-expressing tumor allograft models, both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinations significantly retard tumor growth and prolong animal survival. Furthermore, the vaccinations were also able to reduce lung metastasis in a B16F10-OVA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dali Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lanxia Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mengqi Ren
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ruoxuan Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yang Fang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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3
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Ruzanova VS, Proskurina AS, Ritter GS, Efremov YR, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Naprimerov VA, Dolgova EV, Potter EA, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Mustafin ZS, Lashin SA, Burakova EA, Stetsenko DA, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. Experimental Comparison of the In Vivo Efficacy of Two Novel Anticancer Therapies. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:3371-3387. [PMID: 34230133 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We compared the therapeutic efficacy of two recently developed experimental anticancer technologies: 1) in situ vaccination based on local immunotherapy with CpG oligonucleotides and anti-OX40 antibodies to activate antitumor immune response and 2) "Karanahan" technology [from the Sanskrit kāraṇa ('source') + han ('to kill')] based on the combined injection of cyclophosphamide and double-stranded DNA to eradicate cancer stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticancer approaches were compared on three types of mouse malignant tumors with different grades of immunogenicity: weakly immunogenic carcinoma Krebs-2, moderately immunogenic Lewis carcinoma, and highly immunogenic A20 В-cellular lymphoma. RESULTS Our results indicated that in situ vaccination was the most effective against the highly immunogenic tumor А20. In addition, "Karanahan" demonstrated high efficiency in all types of tumors, regardless of their immunogenicity or size. CONCLUSION "Karanahan" therapy showed higher efficacy relative to in situ vaccination with CpG oligonucleotides and anti-OX40 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Genrikh S Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy P Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly A Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vasiliy A Naprimerov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana S Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy V Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Zakhar S Mustafin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Lashin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Burakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Stetsenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation;
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4
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Golenkina EA, Galkina SI, Dolinnaya NG, Arifulin EA, Romanova YM, Sud'ina GF. Synthetic Hexanucleotides as a Tool to Overcome Excessive Neutrophil Activation Caused by CpG-Containing Oligonucleotides. Pathogens 2021; 10:530. [PMID: 33924760 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicking bacterial DNA, synthetic CpG-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides (CpG-ODNs) have a powerful immunomodulatory potential. Their practical application is mainly associated with the production of vaccines, where they are used as adjuvants, as well as in local antimicrobial therapy. CpG-ODNs act on a wide variety of immune cells, including neutrophilic granulocytes. On the one hand, the stimulatory effect provides both the direct implementation of their antimicrobial and fungicidal mechanisms, and an avalanche-like strengthening of the immune signal due to interaction with other participants in the immune process. On the other hand, hyperactivation of neutrophilic granulocytes can have negative consequences. In particular, the formation of unreasonably high amounts of reactive oxygen species leads to tissue damages and, as a consequence, a spontaneous aggravation and prolongation of the inflammatory process. Under physiological conditions, a large number of DNA fragments are present in inflammation foci: both of microbial and self-tissue origin. We investigated effects of several short modified hexanucleotides on the main indicators of neutrophil activation, as well as their influence on the immunomodulatory activity of known synthetic CpG-ODNs. The results obtained show that short oligonucleotides partially inhibit the prooxidant effect of synthetic CpG-ODNs without significantly affecting the ability of the latter to overcome bacteria-induced pro-survival effects on neutrophilic granulocytes.
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Nguyen HV, Campbell K, Painter GF, Young SL, Walker GF. Data on the uptake of CpG-loaded amino-dextran nanoparticles by antigen-presenting cells. Data Brief 2021; 35:106883. [PMID: 33748357 PMCID: PMC7966978 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligonucleotides are commonly-used vaccine adjuvants to promote the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To mount an effective immune response, CpG needs to be internalized and bind to its endosomal Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) inside the APCs. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, this article presents the cellular uptake data of the amino-dextran nanoparticle (aDNP) and aDNP loaded with CpG immobilized on its surface by either electrostatic adsorption or covalent conjugation. The uptake of fluorescently-labelled aDNPs by murine splenic dendritic cells and macrophages was determined by flow cytometry and uptake by murine bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The data presented in this paper correlates with the in vitro immune-stimulatory activity observed for the two different CpG loading methods in the research article “Nanoparticle system based on amino-dextran as a drug delivery vehicle: immune-stimulatory CpG-oligonucleotide loading and delivery” (Nguyen et al., 2020) [1]. The data provide experimental evidence for a better understanding how the nanoparticle surface loading method of CpG influences the uptake of these nanoparticles by antigen-presenting cells as a step guide in the design of more effective vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien V. Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Katrin Campbell
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 5040, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Young
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Greg F. Walker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Scharner J, Aznarez I. Clinical Applications of Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides: Current Landscape of Approved and In-Development Therapeutics. Mol Ther 2020; 29:540-554. [PMID: 33359792 PMCID: PMC7854307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded oligonucleotides have been explored as a therapeutic modality for more than 20 years. Only during the last 5 years have single-stranded oligonucleotides become a modality of choice in the fields of precision medicine and targeted therapeutics. Recently, there have been a number of development efforts involving this modality that have led to treatments for genetic diseases that were once untreatable. This review highlights key applications of single-stranded oligonucleotides that function in a sequence-dependent manner when applied to modulate precursor (pre-)mRNA splicing, gene expression, and immune pathways. These applications have been used to address diseases that range from neurological to muscular to metabolic, as well as to develop vaccines. The wide range of applications denotes the versatility of single-stranded oligonucleotides as a robust therapeutic platform. The focus of this review is centered on approved single-stranded oligonucleotide therapies and the evolution of oligonucleotide therapeutics into novel applications currently in clinical development.
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La Maestra S, Frosina G, Micale RT, D'Oria C, Garibaldi S, Daga A, Pulliero A, Izzotti A. Brain microglia activation induced by intracranial administration of oligonucleotides and its pharmacological modulation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1345-54. [PMID: 29869293 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide overloading results in type I interferonopathies such as the Aicardi-Goutiéres Syndrome, a progressive encephalopathy determined by an immune response against endogenous DNA/RNA molecules. No therapy targeting pathogenic mechanisms is available for affected patients. Accordingly, we set up an in vitro/in vivo experimental model aimed at reproducing the pathogenic mechanisms of type I interferonopathies, in order to develop an effective pharmacological modulation and toxicological alterations caused by intracranial delivery of encapsulated CpG. The in vitro model used Aicardi-Goutiéres Syndrome immortalized lymphocytes activated by interferon I and co-cultured with human astrocytes; lymphocyte neurotoxicity was attenuated by the calcineurin-inhibitor Tacrolimus and by the anti-interferon monoclonal antibody Sifalimumab. The in vivo model was set up in mice by subcutaneous injection of encapsulated CpG oligonucleotides; the immune-stimulating activity was demonstrated by cytometric analysis in the spleen. To mime pathogenesis of type I interferonopathies in the central nervous system, CpG oligonucleotides were administered intracranially in mice. In the brain, CpG overload induced a rapid activation of macrophage-like microglial cells and focal accumulation mononuclear cells. The subcutaneous administration of Tacrolimus and, more potently, Sifalimumab attenuated CpG-induced brain alterations. These findings shed light on molecular mechanisms triggered by oligonucleotides to induce brain damage. Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting interferon seem a promising therapeutic strategy to protect brain in type I interferonopathies.
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8
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Daumas A, Alingrin J, Ouedraogo R, Villani P, Leone M, Mege JL. MALDI-TOF MS monitoring of PBMC activation status in sepsis. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:355. [PMID: 30064357 PMCID: PMC6069833 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) on whole cells enables the detection of different cell types and cell activation. Here, we wondered whether this approach would be useful to investigate the host response in sepsis. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with severe sepsis and healthy donors were analyzed with MALDI-TOF MS. PBMCs from healthy donors were also stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, CpG oligonucleotides, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid, and with heat-inactivated bacteria. Averaged spectra of PBMCs stimulated in vitro by different agonists were generated from the database using the Biotyper software and matching scores between each spectrum from patients and averaged spectra from the database were calculated. Results We show that the MALDI-TOF MS signature of PBMCs from septic patients was specific, compared with healthy controls. As the fingerprints observed in patients may be related to PBMC activation, PBMCs from healthy controls were stimulated with cytokines, soluble Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and heat-killed bacteria, and we created a database of reference spectra. The MALDI-TOF MS profiles of PBMCs from septic patients were then compared with the database. No differences were found between patients with documented infection (n = 6) and those without bacteriological documentation (n = 6). The spectra of PBMCs from septic patients matched with those of interferon-γ- and interleukin-10-stimulated PBMCs, confirming that sepsis is characterized by both inflammatory and immunoregulatory features. Interestingly, the spectra of PBMCs from septic patients without documented infection matched with the reference spectrum of PBMCs stimulated by CpG oligonucleotides, suggesting a bacterial etiology in these patients. Conclusions Despite the limits of this preliminary study, these results indicate that the monitoring of functional status of PBMCs in peripheral blood by whole cell MALDI-TOF MS could provide unique opportunities to assess disease progression or resolution in clinical settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3266-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Daumas
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR CNR 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France. .,Service de Médecine Interne et Thérapeutique, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Julie Alingrin
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR CNR 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.,Service d'Anesthésie et Réanimation polyvalente, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Ouedraogo
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR CNR 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Villani
- Service de Médecine Interne et Thérapeutique, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR CNR 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.,Service d'Anesthésie et Réanimation polyvalente, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR CNR 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
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9
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Wu C, Wang L, Tian Y, Guan X, Liu Q, Li S, Qin X, Yang H, Liu Y. "Triple-Punch" Anticancer Strategy Mediated by Near-Infrared Photosensitizer/ CpG Oligonucleotides Dual-Dressed and Mitochondria-Targeted Nanographene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:6942-6955. [PMID: 29400948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine-based combination therapy has sparked a growing interest in clinical disease treatment and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a mitochondria-targeted and near-infrared (NIR) light-activable multitasking nanographene (i.e., GT/IR820/DP-CpG) was engineered to in situ trigger highly efficient "triple-punch" strategy of cancer photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Modification of triphenylphosphonium on graphene made the vehicle specifically guide the NIR dye IR820 home to mitochondria, followed by lysosomes escape in a time-dependent manner. The photoactive nanocomplex generated an abundant reactive oxygen species as well as photothermal heat to ultimately kill cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial collapse and irreversible cell apoptosis upon the NIR laser irradiation. Further introduction of an immunostimulatory conjugate DP-CpG significantly promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) and thus improved the immunogenicity of tumors. In vivo studies demonstrated that GT/IR820/DP-CpG remarkably inhibited tumor growth (tumor inhibition rate, ∼88%) resulting from the combinational phototherapeutic effect of IR820 and immunostimulatory activity of DP-CpG, thereby causing negligible toxic effects on mice. Our work provides a new paradigm of architecting organelle-targeted and stimulative nanocomplex for highly efficient cancer photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Guan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, ‡Center for Information in Biomedicine, and §Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao X, Zhang Z, Moreira D, Su YL, Won H, Adamus T, Dong Z, Liang Y, Yin HH, Swiderski P, Pillai RK, Kwak L, Forman S, Kortylewski M. B Cell Lymphoma Immunotherapy Using TLR9-Targeted Oligonucleotide STAT3 Inhibitors. Mol Ther 2018; 26:695-707. [PMID: 29433938 PMCID: PMC5910676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence links the aggressiveness of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, especially the activated B cell-like type diffuse large B cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCLs) to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)/MyD88 and STAT3 transcription factor signaling. Here, we describe a dual-function molecule consisting of a clinically relevant TLR9 agonist (CpG7909) and a STAT3 inhibitor in the form of a high-affinity decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (dODN). The CpG-STAT3dODN blocked STAT3 DNA binding and activity, thus reducing expression of downstream target genes, such as MYC and BCL2L1, in human and mouse lymphoma cells. We further demonstrated that injections (i.v.) of CpG-STAT3dODN inhibited growth of human OCI-Ly3 lymphoma in immunodeficient mice. Moreover, systemic CpG-STAT3dODN administration induced complete regression of the syngeneic A20 lymphoma, resulting in long-term survival of immunocompetent mice. Both TLR9 stimulation and concurrent STAT3 inhibition were critical for immune-mediated therapeutic effects, since neither CpG7909 alone nor CpG7909 co-injected with unconjugated STAT3dODN extended mouse survival. The CpG-STAT3dODN induced expression of genes critical to antigen-processing/presentation and Th1 cell activation while suppressing survival signaling. These effects resulted in the generation of lymphoma cell-specific CD8/CD4-dependent T cell immunity protecting mice from tumor rechallenge. Our results suggest that CpG-STAT3dODN as a systemic/local monotherapy or in combination with PD1 blockade can provide an opportunity for treating patients with B cell NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dayson Moreira
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Su
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Haejung Won
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tomasz Adamus
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Dong
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yong Liang
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Core Facility, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hongwei H Yin
- Molecular Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Piotr Swiderski
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Core Facility, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Raju K Pillai
- Molecular Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry Kwak
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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11
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Kulkarni RR, Villanueva AI, Read LR, Brisbin JT, Bhaumik SK, LaMarre J, Murali-Krishna K, Sharif S. CpG oligonucleotide-mediated co-stimulation of mouse invariant natural killer T cells negatively regulates their activation status. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:541-54. [PMID: 28550425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play important roles in antimicrobial defense and immune-regulation. We have previously shown that iNKT cells express certain toll-like receptors (TLR), and that TLR co-stimulation of iNKT cells in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of T cell receptor (TCR) agonists enhances cellular activation. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory effects of CpG oligonucleotides in mouse primary hepatic and splenic iNKT cells and in DN32.D3 iNKT cells. We show that CpG treatment of iNKT cells in the presence of higher concentrations of TCR agonists (α-GalCer or anti-CD3 mAb) results in the up-regulation of TLR9 in iNKT cells with a concurrent reduction in their cellular activation, as assessed by their production of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ compared with controls. CpG-mediated down-regulation of iNKT cell activation has been found to depend, at least in part, on signaling by MyD88, a critical adapter moiety downstream of TLR9 signaling. Mechanistically, iNKT cells treated with CpG in the presence of TCR agonists show inhibition of MAPK signaling as determined by the levels of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Furthermore, CpG treatment leads to an increased induction of phosphatases, DUSP1 and SHP-1, that seem to impede MAPK and TCR signaling, resulting in the negative regulation of iNKT cell activation. Our findings therefore suggest a novel regulatory role for CpG in iNKT cells in the mediation of a negative feedback mechanism to control overactive iNKT cell responses and hence to avoid undesirable excessive immunopathology.
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12
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Ershova AS, Gra OA, Lyaschuk AM, Grunina TM, Tkachuk AP, Bartov MS, Savina DM, Sergienko OV, Galushkina ZM, Gudov VP, Kozlovskaya LI, Kholodilov IS, Gmyl LV, Karganova GG, Lunin VG, Karyagina AS, Gintsburg AL. Recombinant domains III of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus envelope protein in combination with dextran and CpGs induce immune response and partial protectiveness against TBE virus infection in mice. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:544. [PMID: 27717318 PMCID: PMC5054610 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other flaviviruses is located on the surface of the viral particle. Domain III of this protein seems to be a promising component of subunit vaccines for prophylaxis of TBE and kits for diagnostics of TBEV. METHODS Three variants of recombinant TBEV E protein domain III of European, Siberian and Far Eastern subtypes fused with dextran-binding domain of Leuconostoc citreum KM20 were expressed in E. coli and purified. The native structure of domain III was confirmed by ELISA antibody kit and sera of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Immunogenic and protective properties of the preparation comprising these recombinant proteins immobilized on a dextran carrier with CpG oligonucleotides as an adjuvant were investigated on the mice model. RESULTS All 3 variants of recombinant proteins immobilized on dextran demonstrate specific interaction with antibodies from the sera of TBE patients. Thus, constructed recombinant proteins seem to be promising for TBE diagnostics. The formulation comprising the 3 variants of recombinant antigens immobilized on dextran and CpG oligonucleotides, induces the production of neutralizing antibodies against TBEV of different subtypes and demonstrates partial protectivity against TBEV infection. CONCLUSIONS Studied proteins interact with the sera of TBE patients, and, in combination with dextran and CPGs, demonstrate immunogenicity and limited protectivity on mice compared with reference "Tick-E-Vac" vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Ershova
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia. .,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Olga A Gra
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana M Grunina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Artem P Tkachuk
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Bartov
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Darya M Savina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Olga V Sergienko
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Zoya M Galushkina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Gudov
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Ivan S Kholodilov
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Larissa V Gmyl
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Lunin
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Anna S Karyagina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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13
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Brejcha M, Stoklasová M, Brychtová Y, Panovská A, Štěpanovská K, Vaňková G, Plevová K, Oltová A, Horká K, Pospíšilová Š, Mayer J, Doubek M. Clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and conventional cytogenetics after stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides and interleukin-2: a prospective analysis. Leuk Res 2013; 38:170-5. [PMID: 24246692 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients may acquire new chromosome abnormalities during the course of their disease. Clonal evolution (CE) has been detected by conventional chromosome banding (CBA), several groups also confirmed CE with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). At present, there are minimal prospective data on CE frequency determined using a combination of both methods. Therefore, the aim of our study was to prospectively assess CE frequency using a combination of FISH and CBA after stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides and interleukin-2. Between 2008 and 2012, we enrolled 140 patients with previously untreated CLL in a prospective trial evaluating CE using FISH and CBA after stimulation. Patients provided baseline and regular follow-up peripheral blood samples for testing. There was a median of 3 cytogenetic examinations (using both methods) per patient. CE was detected in 15.7% (22/140) of patients using FISH, in 28.6% (40/140) using CBA, and in 34.3% (48/140) of patients by combining both methods. Poor-prognosis CE (new deletion 17p, new deletion 11q or new complex karyotype) was detected in 15% (21/140) of patients and was significantly associated with previous CLL treatment (p=0.013). CBA provides more complex information about cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL patients than FISH and confirms that many patients can acquire new abnormalities during the course of their disease in a relatively short time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brejcha
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Stoklasová
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics - Department of Cytogenetics, AGEL Research and Training Institute - Novy Jicin Branch, AGEL Laboratories, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Brychtová
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Panovská
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Štěpanovská
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Vaňková
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Plevová
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Oltová
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Horká
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics - Department of Cytogenetics, AGEL Research and Training Institute - Novy Jicin Branch, AGEL Laboratories, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Iliev DB, Thim H, Lagos L, Olsen R, Jørgensen JB. Homing of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Head Kidney and Spleen - Salmon Head Kidney Hosts Diverse APC Types. Front Immunol 2013; 4:137. [PMID: 23761795 PMCID: PMC3674399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes and spleen are major organs where mammalian antigen-presenting cells (APCs) initiate and orchestrate Ag-specific immune responses. Unlike mammals, teleosts lack lymph nodes and an interesting question is whether alternative organs may serve as sites for antigen presentation in teleosts. In the current study, fluorescent ovalbumin (Ova) and CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) injected intra-abdominally were detected in significant numbers of salmon head kidney (HK) MHCII+ cells over a period of 2 weeks while in spleen the percentage of these was transient and declined from day 1 post injection. In vitro studies further shed light on the properties of the diverse MHCII+ cell types found in HK. The ultrastructure of a subpopulation of MHCII+ cells with a high capacity to endocytose and process Ova indicated that these were able to perform constitutive macropinocytosis. Upon stimulation with CpG ODNs these cells upregulated CD86 and gave very high levels of TNF mRNA indicating that these are professional APCs, related to macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). A subpopulation of HK granulocytes expressed high levels of surface MHCII and upon CpG stimulation upregulated most of the tested APC marker genes. Although these granulocytes expressed TNF weakly, they had relatively high basal levels of IL-1β mRNA and the CpG stimulation upregulated IL-1β, along with its signaling and decoy receptors, to the highest levels as compared to other HK cell types. Interestingly, the high expression of IL-1β mRNA in the granulocytes correlated with a high autophagy flux as demonstrated by LC3-II conversion. Autophagy has recently been found to be implicated in IL-1β processing and secretion and the presented data suggests that granulocytes of salmon, and perhaps other teleost species, may serve as a valuable model to study the involvement of autophagy in regulation of the vertebrate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar B Iliev
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Science, University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway
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