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Yu X, Andreo J, Walden M, Del Campo JF, Basabe-Desmonts L, Benito-Lopez F, Burg TP, Wuttke S. The Importance of Dean Flow in Microfluidic Nanoparticle Synthesis: A ZIF-8 Case Study. Small Methods 2023:e2300603. [PMID: 37772633 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The Dean Flow, a physics phenomenon that accounts for the impact of channel curvature on fluid dynamics, has great potential to be used in microfluidic synthesis of nanoparticles. This study explores the impact of the Dean Flow on the synthesis of ZIF-8 particles. Several variables that influence the Dean Equation (the mathematical expression of Dean Flow) are tested to validate the applicability of this expression in microfluidic synthesis, including the flow rate, radius of curvature, channel cross sectional area, and reagent concentration. It is demonstrated that the current standard of reporting, providing only the flow rate and crucially not the radius of curvature, is an incomplete description that will invariably lead to irreproducible syntheses across different laboratories. An alternative standard of reporting is presented and it is demonstrated how the sleek and simple math of the Dean Equation can be used to precisely tune the final dimensions of high quality, monodisperse ZIF-8 nanoparticles between 40 and 700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiang Yu
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
| | - Jacopo Andreo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
| | - Madeline Walden
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
| | - Javier F Del Campo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Thomas P Burg
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, The Darmstadt University of Technology, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, Vizcaya, 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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