1
|
Santonastaso GF, Bortone I, Chianese S, Di Nardo A, Di Natale M, Erto A, Karatza D, Musmarra D. Discontinuous permeable adsorptive barrier design and cost analysis: a methodological approach to optimisation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:26793-26800. [PMID: 28929297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The following paper presents a method to optimise a discontinuous permeable adsorptive barrier (PAB-D). This method is based on the comparison of different PAB-D configurations obtained by changing some of the main PAB-D design parameters. In particular, the well diameters, the distance between two consecutive passive wells and the distance between two consecutive well lines were varied, and a cost analysis for each configuration was carried out in order to define the best performing and most cost-effective PAB-D configuration. As a case study, a benzene-contaminated aquifer located in an urban area in the north of Naples (Italy) was considered. The PAB-D configuration with a well diameter of 0.8 m resulted the best optimised layout in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, in order to identify the best configuration for the remediation of the aquifer studied, a comparison with a continuous permeable adsorptive barrier (PAB-C) was added. In particular, this showed a 40% reduction of the total remediation costs by using the optimised PAB-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 9, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Immacolata Bortone
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 9, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Armando Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 9, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Michele Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 9, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Despina Karatza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 9, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Roma, 9, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mathiazhagan S, Anup S. Influence of platelet aspect ratio on the mechanical behaviour of bio-inspired nanocomposites using molecular dynamics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:21-40. [PMID: 26741376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superior mechanical properties of biocomposites such as nacre and bone are attributed to their basic building blocks. These basic building blocks have nanoscale features and play a major role in achieving combined stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms. Bioinspired nanocomposites based on these basic building blocks, regularly and stairwise staggered arrangements of hard platelets in soft matrix, have huge potential for developing advanced materials. The study of applicability of mechanical principles of biological materials to engineered materials will guide designing advanced materials. To probe the generic mechanical characteristics of these bioinspired nanocomposites, the model material concept in molecular dynamics (MD) is used. In this paper, the effect of platelets aspect ratio (AR) on the mechanical behaviour of bioinspired nanocomposites is investigated. The obtained Young׳s moduli of both the models and the strengths of the regularly staggered models agree with the available theories. However, the strengths of the stairwise staggered models show significant difference. For the stairwise staggered model, we demonstrate the existence of two critical ARs, a smaller critical AR above which platelet fracture occurs and a higher critical AR above which composite strength remains constant. Our MD study also shows the existence of mechanisms of platelet pull-out and breakage for lower and higher ARs. Pullout mechanism acts as a major source of plasticity. Further, we find that the regularly staggered model can achieve an optimal combination of high Young׳s modulus, flow strength and toughness, and the stairwise staggered model is efficient in obtaining high Young׳s modulus and tensile strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mathiazhagan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India.
| | - S Anup
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|